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Biomedical subjects

W Weiss

Publications and source records attributed to W Weiss.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The respiratory effects of chloromethyl methyl ether.

A prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out for ten years to investigate the incidence of lung cancer. Some of the men were exposed to chloromethyl methyl ether containing bis(chloromethyl) ether as an impurity. Bronchogenic carcinoma was markedly increased among them, with a strong dose-response relationship. An unexpected inverse relationship was noted between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. The neoplasms (all small-cell carcinomas) occurred in relatively young men. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis were reported more often among men exposed to chloromethyl ether, and a dose-response relationship was apparent, with smoking a cofactor. Ventilatory function was not significantly affected by chemical exposure. Periodic screening over the first five years of the study showed a decrease in chronic coughing and an increase in dyspnea while chemical exposure was diminishing.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Gycoside serum concentrations under maintenance therapy with Lanicor, Card-Lamuran, MF708d, and Lanitop (author's transl)].

The biological availability of digitoxin from Lanicor was compared with that from two different galenical preparations of Card-Lamuran (Card-Lamuran and MF708d both containing equal amounts of active ingredients: 0,125 mg digitoxin and 10 mg raubasine). The patients who were kept on their individually adjusted oral digitoxin maintenance dosage received the three preparations in a randomised order. Additionally, the equivalent dosages of Lanicor and Lanitop were determined from the data on their biological availability. In 24 patients with heart failure (mean age 70.5 years), radioimmunoassay of the glycoside concentration in the serum was performed. The patients were cardially well compensated with Lanicor and it could be assumed that there would be no change in the daily maintenance dosage for the entire period of the study (42 days). Our results show that digitoxin had the same bio-availability from Lanicor and the two different galenical preparations of Card-Lamuran and MF708d. Patients can therefore safely be switched from one of these preparations to the other. On average, doses of Lanicor 1.55 times higher than those of Lanitop must be given to obtain the same serum glycoside concentrations. The variation of this factor was no greater than the variation in serum concentrations of digitoxin during continued maintenance therapy with Lanicor. The mean serum concentrations of digitoxin under maintenance therapy in our geriatric patients (mean value 2.1 mg/ml) were higher than the digitoxin concentrations published in the literature for younger patients (average 1.4 ng/ml). The calculated daily maintenance doses providing a digitoxin concentration of 1.4 mg/ml were ca. 0.3 mg Lanicor and ca. 0.2 mg Lanitop. This is somewhat less than generally assumed. This agrees with the clinical experience that the glycoside maintenance dosage in elderly patients is generally less than in middle-aged patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[67-Galliumscintigraphy as an auxiliary method for differentiation of mass lesions of the liver (author's transl)].

Liver scintigraphy with 67-Ga citrate and alphafetoprotein (afp) determinations in the serum were carried out in 84 patients with liver mass lesions in the preceding sulphur colloid scans. Among these patients 51 cases were histologically verfied and 33 patients were regarded as clinically-proven cases. Scanning was carried out 72 hours after the intravenous injection of 3 mC 67-Ga-citrate. Corresponding to the intensity of 67-Ga uptake within the former liver lesions 3 groups of 67-Ga scans were differentiated: Ga 0 (the lesion showed no Ga uptake), Ga plus (the Ga uptake within the lesion was equal to that of the surrounding liver tissue) and Ga plus plus (the Ga uptake within the former lesion exceeded the physiological Ga uptake in the normal liver tissue). The number of cases, results of Ga scintigraphy and afp examinations as well as histological, clinical and nuclear medical diagnosis were correlated. It was shown that Ga plus plus cases were strongly suspect of hepatoma, whereas in Ga 0 cases a diagnosis of hepatoma could be excluded. In patients with Ga plus further investigations have to be performed (repeated afp examinations, angiography of the coeliac artery), because cirrhotic regeneration nodules, metastases and necrotic hepatomata were all found within this group. According to our experience liver scanning with 67Ga represents a useful auxiliary examination in liver diagnosis. Ga citrate scintigraphy of the liver is indicated in all cases with mass lesions detected by the routine sulphur colloid scan and in all patients in whom there is clinical suspicion of hepatoma, inorder to differentiate the origin of the lesions. In 2 cases of hepatoma marked Ga uptake was observed at a time when the afp was still negative.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1975

The philadelphia pulmonary neoplasm research project. Thwarting factors in periodic screening for lung cancer.

This report describes the problems of the Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasms Research Project, begun in 1951, when 6,027 male volunteers 45 years of age and older were enrolled in a study designed to screen them every 6 months for 10 years with questionnaires and chest photofluorograms. These volunteers tended to be slightly younger and to include fewer nonwhites that the corresponding Philadelphia population. The volunteers included more smokers than older American urban men in general, but among smokers the distribution by smoking habits was similar. The average probability of having 2 consecutive semiannual screening examinations was 57 per cent. The risk of lung cancer was higher among noncompliant men than among compliant ones. During the 10-year period of observation, 121 men developed lung cancer; only 8 per cent survived 5 years. Aside from the screening method, the factors that thwarted early detection and surgery among the men with lung cancer were (1) the interval between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer, which exceeded 6 months in 45 per cent; (2) an interval of 6 months or less between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer in 20 per cent, with a delay of 3 months or more before appropriate action was taken; (3) advanced age (70+ years) in 25 per cent at the time of detection of cancer; (4) nonmalignant disease contraindicating surgery in 31 per cent. One or more of these factors was present in 84 per cent of the men with lung cancer, leaving only a small segment for whom improvements in the screening method would be expected to be of value.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Lung cancer in men: a model for the relationship between age at diagnosis and smoking habits.

When studying a group of lung cancer cases in a limited period of time to determine the relationship between age at diagnosis and smoking habits, the multiplicity of birth cohorts and the small segment of the life-span distribution of cases observed are confounding and restraining conditions. A model was constructed that suggests that small observed age shifts represent large age shifts in the life-span distributions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Differential diagnostic procedures in localized liver diseases].

Liver scintigraphy by means of 99mTc-sulphur colloid (n = 430) and 67Gallium-citrate (n = 180) were carried out on selected patients, on a follow-up study. This study was undertaken to prove the possibility of early diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinomas. Only autoptically verified cases (n = 119) were used for the evaluation of the accuracy of liver scans. 99mTc-s.c. -scans predicted the presence or absence of focal liver diseases in 78% of the cases. Scan data were falsely positive in 10% and falsely negative in 28%.

Celiac Artery↗