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Biomedical subjects

W Vogel

Publications and source records attributed to W Vogel.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Electroencephalographic responses to photic stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers.

Two studies are reported in which electroencephalograms (EEGs) of habitual cigarette smokers and of nonsmokers were taken before and after they were required to smoke a cigarette. The EEGs were scored for incidence of EEG "driving" responses to photic stimulation, an index that appears to reflect the balance between central adrenergic and cholinergic nervous systems. The findings suggest that smokers tend to have a central autonomic balance less in favor of adrenergic functioning than do nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking may alleviate a possible central adrenergic insufficiency of smokers. These findings suggest a solution to "Nesbitt's paradox," which has reference to the fact that while nicotine is a central adrenergic stimulant, smokers describe the effect of smoking in sedational terms (i.e., as relaxing or calming).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Inactivation of the asymmetrical displacement current in giant axons of Loligo forbesi.

1. Asymmetrical displacement currents ('gating currents') have been recorded in intracellularly perfused squid giant axons by averaging the currents associated with depolarizing and hyperpolarizing pulses. The relation between 'gating current' and Na inactivation was studied by investigating the effect of pulse duration and conditioning pulses. 2. Increasing the pulse duration from 0-3-1 msec to 10-20 msec reduced the off-response of the 'gating current' to 50-70% of its normal size; the time constant was 5 msec at +20 mV and 8 degrees C. The decrease of the Na current during a 10-20 msec pulse was stronger and faster; it decayed to 10-26% with a time constant of 1-35 msec. 3. The effect of pulse duration could also be demonstrated by using only depolarizing pulses. The charge displacement at the end of single or averaged depolarizing pulses was smaller for long pulse durations than for short. A long depolarizing pulse was followed by a small long-lasting tail of inward current. 4. A conditioning depolarizing pulse of 10-20 msec duration to a potential of -30 or +10 mV, followed by a short recovery period at -70 mV, decreased the on-response of the 'gating current'. Its size was reduced to 46-71% and 61-94%, respectively, for a recovery interval of 1-75 and 5 msec at 2-3 degrees C. The reduction of the Na current, measured under similar conditions, was more pronounced; the Na current was decreased to less than 50% of its normal value. 5. The observations about the effect of pulse duration and conditioning pulses on the 'gating current' are qualitatively consistent with those of Bezanilla & Armstrong (1974, 1975) and support the view that part of the asymmetrical charge displacement is inactivated during a 10-20 msec depolarization.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Slow recovery of sodium current and 'gating current' from inactivation.

1. Asymmetrical displacement currents ('gating currents') and Na currents have been recorded in intracellularly perfused squid giant axons with the voltage-clamp method. Inactivation of the currents by a long-lasting depolarization to -30 mV and subsequent removal of inactivation have been studied at temperatures of 0-5-3 degrees and 8-9 degrees C. 2. The asymmetrical displacement current, recorded with the divided pulse procedure, was markedly reduced by a 1-5-800 msec depolarization to -30 mV; a 3 min depolarization led to almost complete blockage. 3. Recovery of the asymmetrical displacement current from a 3 min depolarization to -30 mV was slow (20-40% recovery after 50-800 msec at -70 mV and 8-9 degrees C); full recovery from a long-lasting depolarization took several minutes. 4. Recovery of the Na current followed a similar time course (20% recovery after 50-800 msec at -70 mV and 8-9 degrees C); the time constant of full recovery was 2-3-5 min. 5. Slow recovery was also demonstrated by recording the displacement currents associated with single depolarizing pulses. 6. The results are consistent with the idea that the asymmetrical displacement current is related to the function of the Na gates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Karyotype alterations of BHK-21 cell lines by persistent virus infections I. Development of the cell lines and conventional chromosome analysis.

From BHK-21 cell cultures inoculated with different viruses cell lines with persistent infection were developed and examined for alterations in their karyotypes. In all cell lines studied, even in those no longer producing infective virus chromosomal breaks and interchanges were observed. Besides these effects probably induced directly by the virus infection, a shift in the number of chromosomes was found. Based on certain properties of the BHK-21 cell lines carrying a virus infection a hypothesis is discussed concerning the cooperation of various cellular and viral factors which enable a virus to persist.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Karotype alterations of BHK-21 cell lines by persistent virus infections. II. Analysis of the banding patterns.

Results of banding pattern analysis of the chromosome set of cell lines derived from BHK-21 by persistent infection with different viruses (Schwöbel et al., 1977) are reported. Almost all metaphases contained several structurally altered chromosomes which could not be identified. On the other hand, for each cell line analysed a characteristic karyotype could be established. The possible relevance of the results with respect to persistent virus infections in vivo is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Trisomy 4p due to a paternal t(4p-;16p+) translocation.

A patient is described carrying a duplication 4p12 leads to pter due to a paternal translocation: 46,XY,t(4;16) (p12;p13). Involvement of chromosome No. 16 and the heterogeneity of the clinical picture in cases with dup (4p) are discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1976

[Examinations to phenomenon of shock-lung (author's transl)].

The pathogenesis of shock lung as well as the success of therapy in this condition was studied in 79 cases of extrathoracic trauma. The water-, hemoglobin-, and DNA contents of the lungs were measured in order to determine the extent of edema, the rate of perfusion, and proliferation. The cases were divided into two groups according to whether they had or had not received medical therapy before death. The data from these two groups were compared using statistical methods in which time of survival was especially taken into account. The fluid balance, pO2, pCO2, central venous pressure, pH of the serum, total serum protein and serum creatinine were also studied in these cases. Results of the study are as follows. Three phases of the posttraumatic syndrome of shock-lung could be distinguished: phase I (initial phase): blood perfusion is increased, edema is beginning to form, and medical treatment has not yet begun. Phase II (early phase = sydrome of early respiratory failure): pulmonary edema is developing rapidly while perfusion is decreasing. Phase III (late phase = syndrome of late respiratory failure): proliferative changes predominante and the edema is still increasing. The mean weight of the lungs was 397 g (s = 170) in phase I, 774 G (S = 361) In phase II, and 1124 g (s = 310) in phase III. The survival times correlated significantly and positively with the amount of water and DNS in the lungs and significantly and negatively to the amount of hemoglobin in the lungs. Thus, increasing pulmonary edema and increasing proliferative changes occurred with decreasing pulmonary perfusion. This correlation was even noted in groups of patients who had not received medical treatment and whose survival times were short. In treated cases, the fluid balance was significantly and negatively correlated to the total serum protein.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (author's transl)].

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) was used in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, after four hours of drug treatment. In all instances the abnormal haemodynamic state had been demonstrated. Four patients were successfully treated and finally discharged home. In two with post-infarction ventricular septal defect and cardiogenic shock, IABP also successfully reversed the shock state, while in seven the shock state was reversed but they died 2-8 days after IABP had been stopped. IABP failed in seven patients who died during its application. In those in whom IABP failed there had been no significant fall in pulmonary-artery pressure and no significant increase in stroke volume. The post-mortem examinations demonstrated that cardiogenic shock was irreversible where more than 50% of the left ventricular myocardium had been infarcted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in childhood. Complications, possibilities of treatment and late results (author's transl)].

At the Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Köln-Lindenthal, 103 children were treated for supracondylar fracture of the humerus from 1955 to 1975. The method of choice for treatment was Baumann's vertical suspension. Lesions of the brachial nerve were found to be the primary complication in 7% of the children and circulatory disorders in 10%. While the nerve injuries were treated conservatively, except for one case, 9 children had to be operated on because of ischemia of the forearm. The circulatory disorders could be rectified by thrombectomy and reconstruction of the brachial artery. In one child in whom the indication for operative revision in good time was missed, an ischemic muscle contracture developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Results of the treatment of diaphragmatic lesions (author's transl)].

During the period of 1959 to 1975 34 patients were operated at the Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Koln-Lindenthal because of lesions of the diaphragm. From the survivors 20 patients were examined again 2 to 15 years after operation. 15 patients (75%) stated subjective complaints. On these patients cicatrizations in the sinus phrenicocostalis, higher position of the diaphragm, axial hernia of the hiatus, restricted flexibility of the diaphragm, flattened diaphragm and paralysis of the diaphragm were found. More than 50% of the patients showed a significantly restricted total and vital capacity. Most important was the fact that in 25% of the reexamined patients there existed an axial hernia of the hiatus caused by the trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Arterio-venous anastomoses in rainbow trout gill filaments: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

The origin of arterio-venous anastomoses, connecting the efferent filament artery (EFA) with the central venous sinus (CVS) of gill filaments can be well discerned by scanning electron microscopy in the rainbow trout. Corresponding vessels between the afferent filament artery and the CVS could not be detected with the techniques applied. AVA-specific endothelial cells are characterized by their bulky shape and their microvillous surface. The general morphology of AVA's in Salmo gairdneri is very similar to that of AVA's in Tilapia mossambica (Vogel et al., 1974) but they are much longer in the trout. No filament whorls have been encountered in AVA endothelia of Salmo gairdneri.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Appendicitis in infants].

Results from cases of appendicitis occurring during the first three years of life are compared with those found in the literature. In the Departments of Surgery and Paediatrics in the University of Köln-Lindenthal 26 cases of appendicitis occurred in this age group between 1960 and 1975. The majority of cases were of the advanced forms of the disease in which the appendix was already perforated. Successful operations were performed in 25 children, but in a 12-day old infant the disease was diagnosed only at autopsy. An early diagnosis is imperative, and can only be deduced from a thorough diagnosis and compilation of symptoms.

Abscess↗