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Biomedical subjects

W T Ulmer

Publications and source records attributed to W T Ulmer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Development of respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease].

Follow-up assessments were done in 18 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease, mainly chronic obstructive bronchitis, over a mean of 9.4 (6-18) years. Two hospital admissions were required for periods of three years. In addition, 5 of the patients had concomitant severe emphysema (chronic obstructive emphysematous bronchitis). During the observation period development of emphysema and airways resistance had not increased to any measurable degree. The patients' mean age by the end of the study was 63.6 years. Reversibility of the disease could not be influenced during clinical treatment. Patients with serious emphysema had neither worse airways resistances nor worse arterial blood gases than patients with obstructive airways disease without emphysema. As expression of increasing distribution disorder only arterial oxygen pressure decreased during the observation period when compared to normal age-related changes. The investigation demonstrates the great relevance of persistent treatment for prevention of exacerbations as well as for interval periods. This has decisively influenced the course of the disease: life expectancy of patients has clearly improved as respiratory function can be maintained constant over many years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cell instability in basophil leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

The histamine release from basophils induced by hypo-osmolarity was investigated in 75 healthy persons and in 43 patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. Leukocyte suspensions were diluted with destilled water in cell/water ratio volumen of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:7. Basophils, sequentially treated with increasing amounts of water, show an activation of the release process. A statistically significant age-dependent hypo-osmolar histamine liberation could be demonstrated. Furthermore, a significant higher cell stability was found for the group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrasound Doppler sonography: a simple method for the improvement of internal jugular vein catheterization].

Although many different approaches have been recommended for catheterization of the internal jugular vein, sometimes difficulties and serious complications may occur. The Ultrasound-Doppler-technique is a simple and non-invasive method for localizing and differentiating arterial and venous vessels, e.g. carotid artery and internal jugular vein. A method for puncture of the internal jugular vein with the help of the Ultrasound-technique will be described. In our investigation of 150 punctures this method proved to be superior to approaches recommended up until now.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Local release of histamine, prostaglandin F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 into the tracheal lumen and its influence on airways reactivity.

The influence of tracheal lavage with ascaris extract (AE) on airway response to acetylcholine (ACH) and histamine (Hi) was investigated in a series of 24 dogs. AE administered to a restricted area of the trachea resulted in a release of various mediators such as Hi, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, measured as the metabolite 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) into the tracheal lumen. This differed from H2O administration which resulted in no increased release of these mediators. The relatively small concentrations of these substances measured in arterial plasma argue for the role of these mediators on a local basis. On the other hand, tracheal lavage with allergen induced changes in airway response to ACH and Hi aerosols which was not observed after tracheal lavage with water. An interaction between this allergen-induced mediator release into the trachea and peripheral airways reactivity could be demonstrated.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Effect of histamine, acetylcholine and compound 48/80 on bronchoconstriction and release of eicosanoids in the dog.

The effects of Hi and ACH aerosol and of intravenous infusion of compound 48/80 on bronchoconstriction and plasma levels of Hi, TXB2, KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2 were investigated in 11 bastard dogs. Administration of Hi and ACH aerosol induced bronchoconstriction accompanied by an increase in the plasma levels of Hi and TXB2. No effect on the plasma levels of KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2 was detected. Release of endogenous Hi by compound 48/80 induced bronchoconstriction and significant increases in the plasma levels of TXB2 as well as of KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2. The effects of a second administration of Hi and ACH aerosols after compound 48/80 did not differ qualitatively from the effects of the first aerosol administration. However, quantitatively, the second Hi aerosol induced significantly less bronchoconstriction and TXB2 release. Similarly, effects of the second ACH aerosol tended to be decreased as compared to the first ACH aerosol, although the difference was not significant. The diminished effect of the agonists could be due to receptor desensibilization and/or release of adrenaline, which in turn decreases bronchoconstriction and eicosanoid release.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

[Bronchoconstrictor reaction pattern of the upper respiratory tract and peripheral bronchial system].

Ascaris suum hypersensitive dogs were exposed to ascaris aerosol, histamine, and acetylcholine at different time intervals separately to the upper part of the airtract and to the lower airways. Before and during the exposure the plasma histamine concentrations were measured. Acetylcholine and histamine delivered at the upper part of the airtract do not cause bronchoconstriction. Histamine diffuses in relatively high amounts through the mucosa of the upper part of the airtract into the arterial plasma. Ascaris extract causes bronchoconstriction from the upper part of the airtract as well as from the lower airways. Histamine possibly changes the diffusibility and the sensitivity of the histamine receptor. The correlation between Edyn during acetylcholine and histamine aerosol inhalation was statistically significant. The bronchoconstrictive reaction pattern caused by challenge of the upper part of the airtract is probably different from this caused by challenge of the lower airways.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Influence of the inhalative aerosol Atrovent on airway resistance and intrathoracic gas volume in healthy volunteers of different ages.

53 healthy volunteers of different age groups were included in this study. Airway resistance (Rt) and intrathoracic gas volume (IGV) were measured with volume constant bodyplethysmograph before and 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after a 1-min exposure to Atrovent aerosol. There were statistically significant reductions in Rt in all four groups (group I: 4-11 years; group II: 18-30 years; group III: 32-45 years; group IV: 47-54 years) of volunteers. Statistically significant reductions in IGV were observed in groups I and II. Group III also showed reduction in IGV, but it was not statistically significant. In contrast we found light but statistically significant increase in IGV in group IV. When the values of Rt were computed as specific airway conductance, then the increases following atrovent aerosols were statistically significant only in groups I, II and IV, but not in group III. It is concluded that smooth muscle tones, as evident from Rt reductions following atrovent inhalation, were not uniform in all individuals and that age plays an important role in this mechanism. However, it is not clear whether nervous components alone or the physicochemical nature of smooth muscles are also the controlling factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of vagus nerve, histamine, prostaglandin and catecholamine on airway obstruction].

In three series of experiments, aerosols of acetylcholine, histamine, and Ascaris were administered in a maximal concentration before and after bilateral vagus transection. Vagotomy induced a clear reduction of the dynamic elastance increase by maintaining a constant breath volume. The persisting reaction of the dynamic elastance after vagotomy depends on the intensity of the reaction before vagus transection. Acetylcholine induced the largest reaction. Changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine were found to be variable, but an increase related to dynamic elastance increase could be assumed. Acetylcholine induced a maximal increase in thromboxane B2, and Ascaris induced preferentially a maximal increase in the prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite 15-Keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha. Vagotomy showed no influence on changes of thromboxane B2, prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite, or histamine in arterial plasma. The variability in changes of these metabolites may be the cause of the clinical differences in obstructive airway diseases.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Partial sensory denervation of the upper respiratory tract on allergen- and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.

The influence of partial denervation of the upper part of the respiratory tract on histamine- and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction was investigated in a series of 12 boxer dogs. To achieve this purpose, the superior laryngeal, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves were sectioned. The prophylactic effect of unilateral transection of these nerves on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction originating in the upper respiratory tract could be demonstrated.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1984

Influence of a minimal surgical transection around the trachea on bronchoconstriction in cats.

The influence of a minimal surgical transection around the trachea on ACH- and allergen-induced bronchoconstriction was studied in a series of 21 cats. A significant smaller bronchoconstriction was observed after surgical transection around the trachea. The trachea isolation itself induced a smaller nonsignificant bronchoconstrictive response. This diminished response of the airways after this surgical intervention assumes an interruption of syncytial connections, which alters the response to bronchoconstricting stimuli of the whole bronchial system. The exact role of these syncytial connections has yet to be clarified.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Pilot clinical trial with a new beta 2-sympathomimetic bronchodilator, mabuterol.

An open pilot study was performed on 10 patients with chronic, reversible, obstructive lung disease and known good response to beta 2-bronchodilators. The effects of 40, 60 and 80 micrograms 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-tert.-butylamino-ethanol hydrochloride (mabuterol) given orally and of 0.4 mg fenoterol (aerosol) were measured on airway resistance, thoracic gas volume, pulse rate and blood pressure. Side effects, ECG and laboratory values were recorded. Mabuterol was found to have a good, clinically useful, bronchodilating effect and to possess excellent tolerability at doses of 40-60 micrograms.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗