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Biomedical subjects

W T Ulmer

Publications and source records attributed to W T Ulmer.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Increased leukotriene B4 synthesis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of smokers.

The LTB4 production of PMNLs after calcium ionophore stimulation of 30 chronic smokers and of 19 nonsmokers were compared. PMNLs of smokers form 51% more LTB4 than in the control group. Acute tobacco smoking of 10 cigarettes within 30 min did not show an influence on the LTB4 synthesis rate of nine subjects. The relationship between an increased LTB4 synthesis rate of PMNLs of smokers and different diseases due to tobacco smoking is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Alpha 1-antitrypsin gene polymorphism related to respiratory system disease.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene region was studied in relation to chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) and pneumoconiosis. Genomic DNA of 122 studied subjects was digested with Hind III restriction endonuclease and hybridized with the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene probe. In eight patients with COAD an unusual 10-kb restriction fragment was found hybridizing with the probe. Three of 70 patients were homozygotes for this variant allele and 5 were heterozygotes, showing the presence of two fragments, 2.7 kb and 10 kb. The presence of 10-kb restriction fragment seems to be related to the early development of COAD in studied subjects and therefore might be used as a genetic marker of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Histamine content of the sputum of patients with obstructive bronchitis].

High histamine concentrations were measured in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The histamine concentration doubles or triples when the sputum is incubated for 24 and 72 h, respectively at 37 degrees C. The antibiotics therapy with doxycycline significantly inhibited the histamine formation in 8 patients, which was mainly caused by bacteria. In the sputum of one patient the histamine formation was reinforced in spite of the doxycycline therapy. The clinical importance of these findings is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Anticholinergics as bronchodilators. An action profile].

In 3 test series comprising 107 patients the cholinergic proportion and the proportion of airway obstruction controllable by beta 2-sympathomimetics were determined. A reversible and an irreversible proportion of increased flow resistances in airways are detected. The reversible proportion has to be divided into a section controllable by beta 2-sympathomimetics. Both substance groups have an additive effect extending up to the irreversible proportion. In most cases, the proportion controllable by beta 2-sympathomimetics is larger than that controllable by anticholinergics. The cholinergic proportion of the airway obstruction can be blocked completely by 0.02 mg (0.04 mg) of the controlled dosage aerosol or by 0.125 mg iptratropium bromide (ITB), resp. The cardially recognizable anticholinergic effect is low in this connection. Complete cholinergic cardial block only occurs upon intravenous doses between 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg ITB.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Ventricular arrhythmias in cor pulmonale. The effect of oxygen treatment].

Long-term ECG monitoring was carried out on 36 patients with chronic obstructive airway disease and cor pulmonale. Ventricular extrasystoles were detectable in all patients with greater than 30/h occurring in 13. Multifocal ventricular extrasystoles were seen in 29 patients, couplets in 16, runs in 6 and early (R-on-T) extrasystoles in 8 patients. When the ventricular extrasystoles exceeded 30 per hour the average oxygen partial pressure (paO2), determined in capillary blood, was 59.5 mm Hg, whereas it was higher, 66.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.0125), when there were less than or equal to 30/h. Oxygen (2 l/min) was administered to 13 patients between 20.00 h and 08.00 h and then room-air the following night via a nasal tube. After the administration of oxygen mean paO2 was 72.3 mm Hg and after breathing room-air 62.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). During the administration of oxygen, extrasystoles appeared less frequently than after breathing room-air (927 vs 1211; P less than 0.05). These results show that ventricular extrasystoles appear more often with decreasing paO2 and that oxygen therapy can reduce their frequency.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Obstructive airway diseases and cigarette smoking].

The rate of uncomplicated bronchitis, obstructive bronchitis, obstructive emphysematous bronchitis, airways obstruction without bronchitis, emphysema, obstructive emphysema, and emphysematous bronchitis was determined in 300 patients. Assessment of smoking habits showed a ratio of non-smokers to smokers (smokers and ex-smokers) in uncomplicated bronchitis of 1 : 2, and in the various forms of obstructive lung disease of 1 : 1.41. Smoking, therefore, has a causative role in every third case of airways obstruction. The results support the view that smoking promotes the appearance of obstructive airways disease but that other additional or single factors such as infection and allergies probably have a more decisive role. Lung-function parameters in smokers and non-smokers, for the various forms of obstructive airways disease, are not affected differently.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The role of vagus nerve on histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction (experiments on cats).

During administration of highly concentrated acetyclcholine and histamine aerosol (20-40 min), different effects on tidal volume, respiratory rate, and bronchial tone could be demonstrated. Inhalation after vagotomy neither showed changes in respiratory rate nor in tidal volume. These results point out the importance of the nervus vagus in case of bronchoconstriction caused by mediators. It is discussed to which degree vagus activity is required for the direct effect of different mediators in living animals.

Acetylcholine↗