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Biomedical subjects

W Smith

Publications and source records attributed to W Smith.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia in 1,000 treated ambulatory hypertensive patients.

This study reports on the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (4.5%), by the stringent criterion of less than or equal to 1.25 mEq/L, and hypokalemia (17%) in 1,000 ambulatory hypertensive patients under treatment at the VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City. The hypomagnesemic group required a greater number of antihypertensive medications than the nonhypomagnesemic patients to maintain their blood pressure in the acceptable range. These observations suggest the possibility that magnesium may play an important role in blood pressure control and indicate the need for further studies.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1981

The relationship between hyperglycaemia and renal immune complex deposition in mice with inherited diabetes.

Kidney lesions were studied by light microscopy and immunofluorescence in diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mutant mice. The db/db mutation was studied both on the C57Bl/KsJ genetic background (where it produces severe hyperglycaemia) and on the C57Bl/6J background (where hyperglycaemia is only mild). In all cases, more IgG, IgM and C3 were deposited in the renal glomeruli of mutant mice than in the glomeruli of normal (+/?) mice of equivalent age. First signs of immunoglobulin deposition occurred at a slightly younger age than first signs of C3 deposition or histological change (mainly mesangial thickening). Insulin deposits were occasionally seen in the glomeruli of older mutant mice and immunoglobulin eluted from diabetic mouse kidneys had anti-insulin activity. Increased anti-DNA activity was present in the serum of older mutants. In those mutants with severe hyperglycaemia, the macula densa and distal convoluted tubules also contained immunoglobulin deposits, probably derived from the glomerular mesangium. Urine from diabetic mice contained high molecular weight material reacting with antisera to Fab or kappa but not the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. We conclude that diabetic mice have immune complexes in the kidney containing antibodies against insulin and possibly other antigens. We find no evidence that hyperglycaemia itself is the direct cause of glomerular immune complex deposition, although there may be a link between hyperglycaemia and tubular dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Surgical experience in infants with the VATER association.

The surgical experience in 30 infants with the VATER association of multiple congenital anomalies is detailed. These infants can be satisfactorily managed by a thorough multisystem (cardiac, renal, digestive, orthopedic) evaluation, well planned operative therapy, and sophisticated neonatal intensive care. Survival was achieved in 77% of patients. Satisfactory growth and development and few longterm complications have been observed in this complicated group of infants. These data indicate that infants with the VATER association can lead reasonably normal lives following aggressive operative treatment and supportive care.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Permeability of thermally damaged skin: I. Immediate influences of 60 degrees C scalding on hairless mouse skin.

Freshly sacrificed hairless mice were burned dorsally by direct contact with 60 degrees C water for periods ranging from 15 seconds to 8 min. Wounds ranging in degree from superficial epidermis damage to injury penetrating well into subcutaneous musculature were inflicted. Burned skin sections and reference abdominal skin sections were excised, placed in diffusion cells and investigated with regards to their permeabilities to water, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and n-octanol. The data were couched in terms of ratios of permeability coefficients of burned skin to normal skin (scalding coefficients) for the same animal. Scalding increased permeability of skin to all compounds studied but the effects leveled out by 60 seconds. Protracted scalding was without great effect despite progressively increased depth of damage to the tissue as noted in histological sections. The degree of lost barrier competency attributable to 60 degrees C scalding was not marked for any compound but was definitely different for different alkanols. An approximately 3-fold permeability increase was noted with n-butanol, the most affected compound. The data demonstrate that near instantaneous alterations in permeability of skin accompany scalding, that decreased barrier competency does not correlate with the severity of a burn as measured in depth of the burn, and that thermal alteration of permeabilities is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the permeants.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Hydration and percutaneous absorption: I. Influence of hydration on alkanol permeation through hairless mouse skin.

A method to study the influence of hydration on skin permeability where the skin is immersed in saline for up to 30 hr and under circumstances where a steady state rate of permeation can be established in several minutes is indicated. These circumstances allow multiple, sequential runs over a period where the permeability coefficients of some chemicals are gradually changing. It has been found that the permeabilities of water, methanol and ethanol are little affected by such hydration. However, there is a doubling of the permeability coefficients of butanol and hexanol during the first 10 hr of immersion. More hydrophobic alkanols seem to be less sensitive to the protracted aqueous conditioning. In general the results indicate that there are complex molecular structure-permeability relationships operating in skin. More specifically, the hydration effects are insightful with respect to developing barrier models for skin as they are further indications that different parallel diffusional paths are followed by polar and semi- and nonpolar species.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1980

Charcoal hemoperfusion in the therapy for methsuximide and phenytoin overdose.

Two patients suffered overdoses of anticonvulsant drugs. The first patient took methsuximide and the second, phenytoin. Because of profound CNS depression, both patients underwent hemoperfusion with a cellulose-activated charcoal hemoperfusion column. The primary metabolite of methsuximide, N-desmethylmethsuximide, primarily was responsible for the CNS depression in the first patient. The clearance of N-desmethylmethsuximide by the charcoal column was high, and clinical improvement became apparent during the hemoperfusion period. The clearance of phenytoin, on the other hand, was much lower than that of N-desmethylmethsuximide, and there was no apparent clinical improvement in that patient's condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Tetralogy of Fallot with abnormal coronary artery: 1967 to 1977.

From 1967 to 1977, 25 of 250 children undergoing complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot had an abnormal coronary artery identified at operation. Eight (Group 1) had classical anomalous coronary artery, and 17 (Group 2) had a large aberrant artery in addition to a smaller, normally positioned artery. All 25 patients required surgical procedures different from those routinely employed in tetralogy of Fallot repair. These included a "tailored" ventriculotomy, double incision, and accessory right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit. After identification of a parallel (smaller) coronary artery, the anomalous coronary artery was ligated in three. Two patients (Group 2) died following the operation, both with "tailored" incisions. These were two of the four with high residual right ventricular pressure. Survivors have done well clinically for at least 1 year. Postoperative catheterization has shown high residual right ventricular pressure in two patients and an insignificant residual ventricular septal defect in four patients none has required reoperation.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1980

The association of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with dietary intake and alcohol consumption. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.

We examined the associations of diet and alcohol consumption with levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol using cross-sectional data from 4855 white participants, ages 20 years and older, seen at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. There was a strong positive gradient of HDL cholesterol levels with reported amount of alcohol intake in both men and women, regardless of type of alcoholic beverage consumed. We found a difference in HDL cholesterol levels between the two groups of participants who reported no alcohol consumption during the past week. Those who said that they never drank had lower mean HDL cholesterol levels than those who reported that they did drink but had not consumed any alcohol during the past week. Weaker inverse relations (p < 0.05) were found between HDL cholesterol levels and intakes of total carbohydrate sucrose and starch (percent calories and grams). Dietary saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intakes were unrelated to HDL cholesterol levels; similarly, no association was seen for HDL cholesterol and total calories and total fat. Cholesterol intake (mg and mg/1000 calories) was generally unrelated to HDL cholesterol levels, except in women not taking exogenous gonadal hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fatty acids in female Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala).

Neutral lipids and phospholipids in the body wall, lemnisci and pseudocoel and neutral lipids of fluid found in the "tube" system of the lemnisci and the lacunar system of the body wall of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Acanthocephala) were determined by the technique of thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography (GC). Sixteen different fatty acids from nonpolar lipids were identified as follows: 8:0, 10:0, 11:0, 12:0, 13:0, 14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and/or 20:0, 18:3 and/or 20:1, 20:3, 22:1, 24:1 and 22:6. In addition, there were three unidentified GC peaks corresponding to chain lengths greater than 20 carbons. Sixteen different fatty acids from phospholipids were identified in each of the three fractions analyzed. They were as follows: 10:0, 11:0, 12:0, 13:0, 14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and/or 20:0, 20:2, 20:3, 22:1, 24:1 and 22:6. Four unidentified peaks were also observed. There was a significant difference in the percentage of lipid as well as the concentration of particular fatty acids when each fraction was compared. There was also an abundant supply of sterols and glycerides in each fraction.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1979

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of antibody to Aspergillus in invasive aspergillosis.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) to measure antibody responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus antigens in invasive aspergillosis (IA) was developed and compared with immunodiffusion (ID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). SPRIA detected significant elevations in levels of aspergillus antibody in 15 (79)% of 19 patients with IA. Fewer patients with IA were positive by ID (give of 19) or CIE (four of 19). Only seven )8%) of 58 subjects with other fungal or bacterial infections were positive by SPRIA, as was one (5%) of 20 by ID and CIE. Weak cross-reactivity between aspergillus and candida antigens was demonstrated by SPRIA. IgG levels in patients with IA and control subjects were equivalent. Thus, an antibody response to Aspergillus can be detected in a greater percentage of patients with IA by SPRIA than by ID or CIE. Although a few patients without aspergillosis had elevated levels of aspergillus antibody, a rise in antibody level was specific for IA.

Adolescent↗