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Biomedical subjects

W Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to W Simpson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of dynamic computed tomography, diuresis renography and DTPA parenchymal transit time in the assessment of dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

Three methods of assessment of upper urinary tract dilatation were compared prospectively. Forty-eight dilated renal units (35 patients) were studied, the majority being idiopathic pelvic hydronephrosis (69%). Dynamic computed tomography (CT) involves rapid sequence CT after injection of contrast medium. The maximum enhancement of a medullary region of interest (MMR) and its rate of enhancement (SMS) were derived from dynamic CT. Dynamic CT was compared with diuresis probe renography and measurement of parenchymal transit time (PTT) from DTPA imaging. The MMR (70.1 +/- 10.6 HU) and SMS (2.0 +/- 0.5 HU/s) in controls were significantly greater than in patients with upper tract dilatation (52.8 +/- 18.5 and 1.43 +/- 0.85 HU/s; both P less than 0.001). A significant association was observed between impairment of renal function in patients with upper tract dilatation and a low SMS and MMR (P less than 0.01). Statistically significant agreement was observed between the results of diuresis renography and PTT (P less than 0.025). However, no significant agreement was found when the results of dynamic CT were compared with either diuresis renography or with PTT. Dynamic CT as performed in the present study has no useful contribution to make in the diagnosis of patients with dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Intestinal microflora as potential modifiers of sensitizer activity in vivo.

Treatment of mice (some bearing Lewis Lung tumors), with penicillin (PEN) at 500 mg/l drinking water for one week prior to treatment with misonidazole (MIS), resulted in: the elimination of their anaerobic cecal flora; a decrease in MIS-induced neurotoxicity; an increase in pharmacological exposure to MIS; a decrease in MIS chemopotentiation; a probable increase in MIS radiosensitization; an increase in MIS induced hypothermia. Assuming no chemical interaction between PEN and MIS, these observations indicate that the intestinal microflora can influence the activity of MIS in vivo. Therefore their influence should be considered in all sensitizer-related studies in vivo. The observed reduction in the neurotoxic but not the radiosensitizing potential of MIS following PEN treatment indicates a therapeutic benefit.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Family practice as a specialty choice: effect of premedical and medical education.

Identification of beneficial and detrimental parameters influencing the choice of family practice as a career was the object of the study reported here. Curriculum components and elements during or before medical school were examined. A questionnaire listing 18 factors that influenced specialty choice before residency training was completed by 134 first-year family practice residents. Participation in a family practice clerkship or preceptorship during the third and fourth years of medical school and association with family physicians during or before medical school were perceived as most beneficial. Generally, students' experiences during the first three years were perceived as detrimental to selecting family practice. Also, data indicated that 75 percent of the students select their specialty during years three and four. Medical schools wishing to increase the number of their graduates entering family practice should strongly consider requiring clinical rotations in family medicine and providing maximum exposure to family practice residents and faculty members as role models.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1980

Salmonella montevideo salmonellosis in laboratory mice: successful treatment of the disease by oral oxytetracycline.

In an epidemic outbreak of salmonellosis associated with Salmonella montevideo in 6 mouse colonies, most deaths occurred in BALB/c and ASI mice, although the carrier rate was similar in other mouse strains. The salmonella was eradicated from ASI mice of 4-6 weeks old, and the carrier rate considerably reduced at 12-26 weeks of age, by use of oral oxytetracycline in conjunction with strict hygiene measures. Housing mice on wire grids instead of wood shavings did not affect the efficacy of the treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Two Actinobacillus species isolated from laboratory rodents.

A study was made of the cultural and biochemical characteristics of 17 strains of Actinobacillus isolated from laboratory rats and hamsters. 2 types were recognized which differed in their urease reaction and colony colour on blood agar. The results obtained suggest that one was Actinobacillus equuli but the other could not be identified as belonging to a described species. The characteristics of both organisms are such that they could be confused with Pasteurella pneumotropica. One of the types was isolated from tapwater.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1978

Myxoma of the mandible--a fibroblastic tumor.

A case of myxoma of the mandible is described. The tumor was examined by both light and electron microscopy. Histochemistry showed an abundant acid mucopolysaccharide stroma, embedded in which were stellate cells with branching processes. Ultrastructurally, these cells were seen to be fibroblasts. Occasional myofibroblasts were seen in the tumor. No odontogenic epithelium was identified, and this component was not thought to be important in the histogenesis of the tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Hemodialysis bone disease: correlation between clinical, histologic, and other findings.

This paper explores in patients with dialysis osteodystrophy the relationship between clinical features and histological, radiological, and biochemical findings. Eighty-five patients treated by hemodialysis for more than 6 months were studied. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) Bone pain in patients on regular hemodialysis is usually a symptom of developing osteomalacia but not of hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis. 2) Many patients with histological osteomalacia and radiological features of osteomalacia, such as fractures or Looser zones, have no symptoms. 3)In dialysis patients, biochemical and radiological abnormalities are not a reliable means of predicting the presence of osteomalacia, but a raised serum alkaline phosphatase is a good indicator of the presence of osteitis fibrosa. For early detection of osteomalacia, bone biopsy in necessary. 4)A number of our dialysis patients develop an unusual form of osteomalacia characterized by absent or minimal histological osteitis fibrosa, a normal serum alkaline phosphatase, and a high incidence of myopathy and fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Simplified protocol for treatment of malar fractures. Based on a 1,220-case, eight-year experience.

A simplified protocol of approach has evolved from the treatment of approximately 1,200 malar fractures in an eight-year period in the private practice of one of us (R.S.M.) and at the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. The method begins with the Gillies incison for reduction and routinely uses internal wire pin fixation tailored to the mechanical requirements of the malar fracture. It advances only if necessary to brow and infraorbital incisions, direct wiring, orbital exploration, or Caldwell-Luc. Antrostomy with antral packing. Occasionally, a transcutaneous wire or small bone screw may be inserted for headcap or halo vector traction if indicated by the judgment of the surgeon. The internal wire pin protocol has produced hundreds of satisfactory reductions and fixations of malar fractures in our experience, with shortened operating time and reduced complications. It has been installed as the primary method of treatment for this type of facial fracture in a residency program that has many of these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1977

The effect of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in pre-dialysis renal bone disease.

Assessment of 18 azotaemic patients treated with long-term 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OHD3) confirms the generally favourable effect of this analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in azotaemic osteodystrophy. Growing children with radiological rickets respond very well as do adults showing mild hyperparathyroidism with or without osteomalacia. However, patients with severe 'pure' hyperparathyroidism and features of autonomy do not respond well and in such patients 1alpha-OHD3 alone should be avoided. Phosphate restriction and occasionally a sub-total parathyroidectomy may be indicated in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Staphylococcal kidney abscesses in rats treated with corticosteroids.

A heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from kidney abscesses in rats from 2 inbred strains treated with corticosteroids. The S. aureus phage types which caused the abscesses are endemic in the rat breeding colonies. One strain of rat was more sensitive to the action of the corticosteroids.

Abscess↗