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Biomedical subjects

W Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to W Simpson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Aluminium intoxication in renal disease.

Aluminium intoxication in renal failure occurred over weeks or months when dialysis fluid or parenteral solutions were heavily contaminated and over many years when the main source was oral administration of aluminium-containing phosphate binders. Encephalopathy was common during subacute intoxication but in slow aluminium poisoning the main brunt was borne by the bones. However, in both tempos of intoxication several organs or systems were involved. Encephalopathy was usually accompanied by bone disease, bone disease by parathyroid suppression and both by anaemia. The heart and the lymphocytes are probably damaged by aluminium overload. Among the many questions left unanswered 15 years after the incrimination of aluminium as the cause of this multi-system illness are: (1) does low level aluminium overload in renal failure cause gradual deterioration in cerebral function? And, if so, (2) does it resemble Alzheimer's disease or a slow-onset version of dialysis encephalopathy? The evidence we review suggests that the answer to (1) is 'yes' and to (2) 'probably the latter'.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1992

Craniofacial form in class III cases.

Lateral skull cephalograms from 50 patients who subsequently had surgical correction of their Class III malocclusion were analysed using a complete linkage cluster analysis based on skull shape. Five subgroups were identified and are described. All subjects had a degree of mandibular prognathism while only 14 per cent had maxillary retrognathism. An increased lower face height was found in 58 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Reactivity of anti-CD15 monoclonal antibody PM-81 with breast cancer and elimination of breast cancer cells from human bone marrow by PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads.

The CD15 carbohydrate antigen, lacto-N-fucopentaose III is expressed on a variety of human cancer cells including acute myeloid leukemia, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and colorectal carcinomas. We have found that cells from breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tissue are strongly CD15 positive, as seen by binding to the PM-81 monoclonal antibody. In this report we show that monoclonal antibody PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads can remove breast cancer cells from bone marrow and thus be used as "purging" agents for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PM-81 and immunomagnetic beads removed up to 3 log of SK-BR-3 and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line cells while minimally affecting normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. This technique may be useful for purging marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation in breast cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Low incidence of asymptomatic brain metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma are uncommon. The present study was undertaken to determine the value of routine computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the brain in patients with renal cell carcinoma. A review of 106 patients with renal cell carcinoma who had undergone CT scan of the brain revealed brain metastases in only 13.2 percent. Brain metastases were accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in 78.6 percent of patients, with headaches constituting the most common presenting symptom (64.3%). Brain metastases were detected in only 3.3 percent of patients who had no CNS symptoms at the time of evaluation. It is concluded that CT scanning of the brain should be performed routinely only for those patients who report CNS symptoms at the time of evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

MRI of splenic hemangioma associated with thrombocytopenia.

In contrast to the only previously published description, the magnetic resonance appearance of a splenic hemangioma was markedly heterogeneous on T2-weighted images due to extensive infarction and large vascular pools. Magnetic resonance images correlated precisely with the pathological findings. The hemangioma caused thrombocytopenia, a well-documented albeit rare hematologic phenomenon associated with visceral hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Human T-cell mediated response to homologous lens antigen.

T-Cell response to a suspension of homologous whole lens antigen was investigated in three groups: (1) adults with normal eyes; (2) patients with mature and hypermature cataract with an intact lens capsule; and (3) patients, who had had extracapsular cataract surgery or lens injury, some of whom had clinical evidence of severe lens-induced inflammation. The results show that sensitized T-cells occur only in some patients in the third group. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence of a difference in the response to T-cells to lens antigen released from mature and hypermature lenses, and to lens antigen exposed by lens injury or extracapsular cataract surgery. The test may be useful to confirm clinical suspicion of delayed hypersensitivity to lens antigen in patients with severe sterile purulent inflammation or milder delayed sterile non-purulent inflammation following lens injury or extracapsular surgery, in the absence of histological proof.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Periosteal new bone formation in chronic renal failure.

A retrospective analysis of the skeletal surveys of 47 patients with periosteal new bone formation (PNB) associated with chronic renal failure was performed in order to determine the radiological features of this abnormality. Sequential skeletal surveys identified the time of development of PNB in 11 patients. The aetiology of PNB was investigated by reviewing biochemical and pathological data for these patients during this period. Symmetrical involvement of weight bearing bones was a typical feature of PNB. PNB was often identified at multiple sites. No association of PNB with radiological, biochemical or pathological evidence of aluminium induced osteomalacia was found. Both hyperparathyroidism and osteosclerosis were common in patients with PNB but since hyperparathyroidism is a frequent occurrence in patients with chronic renal failure its relationship to PNB is not necessarily causal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Benign hair-follicle derived tumours in the differential diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma of the eyelids: a clinicopathological comparison.

Benign eyelid tumours derived from hair follicles are rare and frequently misdiagnosed as basal-cell carcinoma when evaluation is based on clinical evidence alone. They include trichoepithelioma, trichofolliculoma, trichilemmoma, and pilomatrixoma. We reviewed 117 such tumours received in the Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, in the last 30 years, a number which compared with 2447 basal-cell carcinomas seen over the same period. The hair follicle tumours may be safely excised with a narrow margin of clearance, whereas a macroscopic clearance of 3 to 5 mm or surgery with frozen section histological control is desirable for excision of basal-cell carcinoma. Therefore confirmation by incisional biopsy of the nature of any large lesion suspected of being a basal-cell carcinoma is essential in order to avoid performing an unnecessarily extensive or time consuming excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of renal cell carcinoma with daily low-dose alpha-interferon.

While alpha-interferon has yielded objective tumor regressions in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, such therapy is usually associated with significant toxicity often requiring dose modifications and/or cessation of therapy. In the absence of a clearly defined optimal dose and schedule for alpha-interferon, it appears reasonable to seek a means for improving the therapeutic index for this drug. We report the results of a pilot trial in which patients with renal cell carcinoma were treated with a daily low dose of alpha-interferon. Seventeen patients were treated with alpha-interferon (Roferon-A) at a dose of 1 million U subcutaneously daily. There were no exclusionary criteria for this pilot trial. Sixteen patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Therapy was well-tolerated with no interruption of therapy for toxicity. No patient experienced the "flu-like" syndrome that is associated with higher doses, and there was no episode of granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia. Four patients achieved a partial response (PR), with one PR persisting at 20 months. Sites of response included lung (two patients), liver (one patient), and bone (one patient). These results indicate that this regimen is well tolerated and can be expected to render objective responses. Formal Phase II trials are warranted in order to define the response rate for this regimen.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.

Therapeutic measures used in the management of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws are reviewed with reference to clinical case material. The development of rational treatment regimes designed to deal with the underlying pathological problem are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural evaluation of murine bladder epithelium exposed to verapamil.

The effect of single or multiple instillations of high verapamil concentrations on the cytoarchitecture of the bladder epithelium was assessed by electron microscopy. Ruthenium red was used to evaluate the surface mucopolysaccharide coats and the integrity of junctional complexes between luminal cells. No significant cytoplasmic change in the luminal or nonluminal cells was found in any experimental animals, nor was there a breakdown of the junctional complexes between luminal cells. These data suggest that verapamil may be safely used intravesically as adjunct to standard chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of dynamic computed tomography, diuresis renography and DTPA parenchymal transit time in the assessment of dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

Three methods of assessment of upper urinary tract dilatation were compared prospectively. Forty-eight dilated renal units (35 patients) were studied, the majority being idiopathic pelvic hydronephrosis (69%). Dynamic computed tomography (CT) involves rapid sequence CT after injection of contrast medium. The maximum enhancement of a medullary region of interest (MMR) and its rate of enhancement (SMS) were derived from dynamic CT. Dynamic CT was compared with diuresis probe renography and measurement of parenchymal transit time (PTT) from DTPA imaging. The MMR (70.1 +/- 10.6 HU) and SMS (2.0 +/- 0.5 HU/s) in controls were significantly greater than in patients with upper tract dilatation (52.8 +/- 18.5 and 1.43 +/- 0.85 HU/s; both P less than 0.001). A significant association was observed between impairment of renal function in patients with upper tract dilatation and a low SMS and MMR (P less than 0.01). Statistically significant agreement was observed between the results of diuresis renography and PTT (P less than 0.025). However, no significant agreement was found when the results of dynamic CT were compared with either diuresis renography or with PTT. Dynamic CT as performed in the present study has no useful contribution to make in the diagnosis of patients with dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Intestinal microflora as potential modifiers of sensitizer activity in vivo.

Treatment of mice (some bearing Lewis Lung tumors), with penicillin (PEN) at 500 mg/l drinking water for one week prior to treatment with misonidazole (MIS), resulted in: the elimination of their anaerobic cecal flora; a decrease in MIS-induced neurotoxicity; an increase in pharmacological exposure to MIS; a decrease in MIS chemopotentiation; a probable increase in MIS radiosensitization; an increase in MIS induced hypothermia. Assuming no chemical interaction between PEN and MIS, these observations indicate that the intestinal microflora can influence the activity of MIS in vivo. Therefore their influence should be considered in all sensitizer-related studies in vivo. The observed reduction in the neurotoxic but not the radiosensitizing potential of MIS following PEN treatment indicates a therapeutic benefit.

Animals↗