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Biomedical subjects

W Scott

Publications and source records attributed to W Scott.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Influence of Mycoplasma arginini infection on the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by TCDD in rat hepatoma cell cultures.

Mycoplasma arginini was eliminated from a rat hepatoma cell line (H-4-II-E) by plating at low cell density and treatment with chlortetracycline (250 micrograms/ml), kanamycin (250 micrograms/ml), tylosin (100 micrograms/ml), 3% M. arginini antiserum and 5% fresh guinea-pig serum. The induction of AHH activity in the cell culture was measured in response to increasing concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The ED50 values (estimated doses that produce 50% maximum enzyme induction) were calculated to be 0.256, 0.452 and 0.344 pmol TCDD/plate for original, mycoplasma-free and reinfected cells, respectively. Although the absence of M. arginini in the rat hepatoma cell line makes the cells slightly less responsive to AHH induction by TCDD, this decrease does not detract from the use of the method to screen food extracts and environmental samples for the presence of certain toxic planar organic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ethanol-associated selective fetal malnutrition: a contributing factor in the fetal alcohol syndrome.

The pathogenesis of the FAS, particularly the characteristic IUGR, may be due in part to ethanol-related placental injury. Ethanol and/ or acetaldehyde may impair placental transfer of nutrients essential for growth, e.g., amino acids. Such restriction could occur regardless of maternal nutritional status: selective fetal malnutrition. Impairment of placental nutrient transport at critical phases of fetal organogenesis could compound any direct fetotoxic effects of ethanol or acetaldehyde. The effect of ethanol upon human placental hormone synthesis and transport of vitamins, minerals, glucose, and nucleic acid precursors awaits further investigation. Similarly, potential interactions between ethanol and other xenobiotics commonly abused by alcoholics require clarification.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

A study of anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle region in normal and club feet (talipes equino varus) of infants.

Three normal feet and three feet exhibiting talipes equino varus from infants were dissected and their anatomy studied and compared. The tibiae were immobilised in plaster and held in a bench clamp while the range of dorsiflexion (extension) was studied before and after immobilisation of either the medial or lateral, or of both groups of tendons. Movements at the subtalar and ankle joints were studied as well as factors controlling movements at the subtalar joint. There was minimal subtalar movement in normal feet during dorsiflexion (extention) but for the clubbed feet the joint showed far greater movement. Tethering of the lateral malleolus to the calcaneum by a suture, in normal feet, caused similar biomechanical behaviour to that seen in clubbed feet.

Ankle↗
PubMed1981

Training and evaluation of respiratory therapists in emergency intubation.

Endotracheal intubation in emergency situations is a recognized function of respiratory therapists, as defined by the American Association for Respiratory Therapy in 1973. A training program based in the operating room, using one-on-one instruction, was the basis for a training program designed to meet JCAH standards for endotracheal intubation. To evaluate the success of our training and our system for attempting intubations, we recorded the results of 50 consecutive intubation attempts by our therapists. All 50 patients were eventually intubated, with 35 patients intubated on the first attempt. The average number of attempts per patient was 1.48. While 39 patients were intubated within one minute, 11 required more than one minute. In five patients, physicians had attempted intubation prior to a therapist's arrival; those intubations took eleven times longer than those that were attempted by therapists only. The average time for intubations attempted solely by therapists was 54 seconds.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

Pneumatosis coli: a familial association.

A woman and her son who both developed pneumatosis coli within a period of 6 months are described. No familial or cluster association has previously been reported. The aetiology of this uncommon disease is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Experience with dacron graft arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis access.

The technique, hemodynamics, and results of a new, more successful Filamentous Velour Dacron graft dialysis fistula between brachial artery and axillary vein are described. Hemodialysis has been successfully instituted in 15/16 patients. One graft was removed for infection and one for overlying skin erosion. There have been five episodes of thrombosis, all with successful restoration to function. After a median nine-month follow-up, nine of 16 grafts have been complication-free and 13 of 16 remain functional or functioned until the time of death. Hemodynamic studies revealed that with high flows (even 1900 cc/min), there was no evidence of cardiac failure or peripheral "steal". One patient with low flow (less than 300 cc/min) had transient distal ischemic symptoms and another with similar flow later developed arterial occlusion distal to the fistula after suffering a myocardial infarction. With increased attention to technical details observed in this early experience, it appears that greater than 80% of these grafts should provide long-term dialysis access for this difficult patient population.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of EB virus transformation of non-adherent human lymphocytes by co-cultivation with adult fibroblasts.

Transformation of a special population of non-adherent human lymphocytes by EB virus (EBV) is reversibly inhibited by co-cultivation on adult human fibroblasts. Neither fluid from adult fibroblast cultures nor extracts of fibroblasts inhibited such transformation, and the growth of already transformed lymphocytes was not inhibited on adult fibroblasts. The EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detectable in inhibited cultures, with a maximum level of about 15% at 14 days after which it decreased gradually. Reversal of inhibition at 28 days, by either addition of phytohaemagglutinin or by removal of the lymphocytes from the adult fibroblasts, resulted in a prompt increase in the percentage of EBNA-positive cells and typical lymphoblastoid outgrowth. Transformation of EBV-infected non-adherent lymphocytes could be inhibited by the addition of adult fibroblasts up to 2-4 days after infection. The results indicate that, in the EBV-infection of non-adherent lymphocytes on adult fibroblasts, a block resulting in inhibition of transformation occurs between the production of EBNA and the onset of autonomous proliferation of the infected lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

The medical investigation of alleged rape.

The web of human entanglement resulting from the cry "rape" may twist and disrupt the lives of the persons involved. The physician who is prepared and able to deal with the forensic medical aspects of the problem can play a vital role in the determination of innocence or guilt. And, if he is prepared to recognize and deal with the psychologic problems, the emotional distress and the anxiety, the physician can provide invaluable help.

Emotions↗