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W Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to W Schmidt.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Methodological aspects of a serodiagnostic Clostridium tumour test--experience with spontaneous canine tumours.

The paper describes the development of appropriate antigen and method combinations for the microbiological cancer test using the non-oncolysing strain Clostridium butyricum CNRZ 528 in dogs with spontaneous tumours. The diagnostic rod antibodies could be determined quantitatively by the complement fixation test if a short-time warm fixation and a long-time cold fixation procedure were combined in separate runs and if two different antigens, a rod corpuscular antigen and a rod surface antigen, were used. Since complement-fixing antibodies were not always detected in cases of malignant tumours, we additionally used the passive haemagglutination method after pre-absorbing the sera with cross-reacting clostridial antigens. The efficiency of the microbiological cancer test could not be substantially increased, however, by the method combination the reliability of the evaluation of low seropositive titres was improved.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The serological clostridium tumour test--application of discriminance analysis.

The microbiological tumour test is based on the detection of humoral antibodies to clostridial rods following intravenous injection of apathogenic clostridial spores. As serological methods we used the complement fixation test with a simultaneous short-time warm and long-time cold incubation as well as the passive haemagglutination test after absorption of clostridial group-specific antibodies. The evaluation of titre dynamics was rendered difficult by normal clostridial antibodies, by serological cross-reactions and, above all, by border-line reactions. The serological test results from 189 dogs investigated were evaluated in a multivariate analytical procedure. We determined the adequate combination of methods and antigens, thus improving the reliability of the test results and objectifying the predictive value of low sero-positive titres. On the basis of the computer-calculated individual weighting factors and the corresponding reference value it has become possible to evaluate and classify actual serological data emerging from the previous overall investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The role of cell population kinetics in the efficacy of penicillin--an experimental analysis and stochastic modeling of the tumour tetanus and wound tetanus of the mouse.

When investigating tetanus lethality summation curves of mice under comparable quantitative conditions following a temporarily limited administration of penicillin, the curves obtained can be calculated by the kinetics of tumour cells or wound fibroblasts. In particular, it has been shown that the optimal efficacy of penicillin, after short-time usage as compared with a long-time administration schedule, is determined by the generation time of the tetanus rods as a function of the mitotic cycle of the "pace-making" tumour cells or wound fibroblasts. Further variables of the mathematical model imply the pharmacokinetics of penicillin and the recovery process of the "hit" tetanus rods. From these results some basic experimental and clinical tetanus issues can be elucidated; thus, the mitosis theory of tetanus is being verified for the stage of incubation and of clinical manifestation, while the classical necrosis theory of the pathogenesis of tetanus infection should be valid only for the final stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The modulating effect of estrogens on luteinizing hormone release in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome before and after gonadectomy and cyclic steroid application.

The response of LH release to exogenous estrogens was studied in three patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) before and after gonadectomy and a prolonged treatment with a sequential pill. Estrogen provocation tests were performed in which 0.05 mg/kg body weight estradiol benzoate was administered intramuscularly and serum FSH and LH levels were assessed every 12 hours for 96 hours after gonadectomy, three months after a prolonged treatment with a sequential pill (16 cycles: 9 days mestranol 100 micrograms, 12 days mestranol 80 micrograms and chlormadinone acetate 2 mg) and in one patient before gonadectomy. The control group consisted of 10 normal females during the follicular phase. A positive feedback effect was induced in normal females and in AIS patients after prolonged treatment with a sequential pill.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Prevention of thromboembolism with low-molecular weight heparin in pregnancy].

Two patients were anticoagulated during pregnancy with the low molecular weight heparin Kabi 2165 because of side effects on conventional heparin. One patient had to be treated because of deep vein thrombosis in the first pregnancy and the other patient because of a Björk Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. The first patient had developed cutaneous allergic reactions to different conventional heparins and the second patient suffered from extensive local haematomas because of subcutaneous injection of heparin. The doses of the low molecular heparin were 1 X 5000 (patient 1) and 1 X 10,000 (patient 2) anti factor Xa units. The treatment period was 27 and 20 weeks, respectively. No thromboembolism or bleeding occurred. The low molecular weight heparin could not be detected in the umbilical vein or in the breast milk.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Morphologic criteria of prognosis and clinical course in ovarian tumors of the borderline type].

Borderline tumors of the ovary are morphologically characterized by histologic and cellular criteria and by lack of evidence of invasion. During an observation period of 12 years at Heidelberg University Gynecological Clinic, 49 patients with borderline tumors underwent surgery and the clinical course was followed up. In 15 cases the tumor was at an advanced stage (FIGO III/IV); chemotherapy was instituted after surgery in 12 of these women. None of the patients with early-stage tumors (FIGO I/II) were lost due to the tumor during the period of observation; the death rate among patients with stage III/IV tumors (FIGO) was 40%. However, the death of three of these women was also due to their advanced age and high internal risks. As in the case of ovarian carcinomas, the survival rates improve if the postoperative residual tumor mass is smaller than 2 cm. Subsequent histologic work-up of archived, formalin-fixed tumor tissue and metastases thereof showed that two forms of the metastasizing borderline tumor exist: one with a favorable prognosis, a "pure" form with borderline changes in the ovary and metastases, and one with a less favorable prognosis, with borderline changes in the ovary and destructive-invasive portions of tumor in the metastazation areas. Impulse cytophotometric studies (ICP) showed that all primary tumors had the same degree of ploidy i.e., diploid. However, detection of an aneuploid distribution pattern in a metastasis correlated with subsequent histological confirmation of tumor invasion and rapid tumor death. The S-phase fraction was low, at 2.02% +/- 1.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

[Behavior of fetal position in the 2d half of pregnancy in labor with breech and vertex presentations].

In a retrospective analysis, presentation behavior during pregnancy of 501 infants with breech presentation at birth was compared with that of a control population (n = 520) with vertex presentation at birth. Since the fetus usually changes position frequently during the sonographic examination prior to the 20th week of pregnancy, and since its presentation behavior is generally unstable, presentation of the fetus was only determined sonographically from this point onward. In both populations it was found in 40% of the cases that the fetus remained in either breech or vertex presentation up to birth; and in both populations there was one change of position to the definitive presentation at birth in 44% of the cases (before the 33rd week of pregnancy in 95%). Seventeen percent of the infants born from breech presentation and 15% of those born from vertex presentation changed position several times during pregnancy. The stability of presentation behavior during pregnancy of infants with breech presentation at birth was similar to that of infants with vertex presentation. At about the 32nd week of pregnancy, 90% of the fetuses in both breech and vertex presentation had assumed their final presentation prior to birth. Even when breech presentation is found between the 33rd and 36th week of pregnancy there is still a 54% probability of a change to vertex presentation at birth. In contrast, the probability of the fetus turning from vertex to breech presentation at birth in this period of pregnancy is only 0.4%.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

[Acute hydramnios in the 2d half of pregnancy].

95 patients were prospectively examined from 1982-1986 in a diagnostic programme. These patients showed a clinically and ultrasonically established acute hydramnios during the second half of their pregnancy period. Possible important causes of an acute hydramnios can be confirmed or excluded via on-target sonography; at the same time, a diabetic condition must be excluded and the amniotic fluid must be examined to exclude acute viral or specific bacterial infections. In 8 cases (8%) we found that the mother had diabetes mellitus requiring insulin, the hydramnios being the main pointer towards the metabolic disturbance. Gestation diabetes was confirmed in 23 patients (25%) on the basis of the polyhydramnios. Chromosomal anomalies were seen in 12 eucyeses (13%) and in 2 polycyeses. In 8 pregnancies (8%) we found a pattern of non-immunological hydrops fetalis with pleural effusions and ascites. In three patients (3%) there was an immunological hydrops fetalis with polyserositis within an Rh incompatibility pattern. Severe foetal malformations associated with a normal karyotype were sonographically found in 12 pregnancies--encyeses and twins--(12%). Cardiac disturbances (tachyarrhythmia) resulted in polyhydramnios in 8 cases of eucyesis (8%). Finally, 10 cases only remained unclarified (11%). 14 cases (15%) had twin pregnancy. In this connection we observed on the average an earlier onset of acute hydramnios (27 weeks) compared with the eucyeses (on the average during the 30th week). Timely and adequate treatment may become possible if we know the aetiology of the acute hydramnios, especially in cases of diabetes mellitus and gestation diabetes, as well as in certain foetal malfunctions, such as e.g. pleural effusions and generalised hydrops fetalis and disturbances of cardiac rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Transcervical chorion biopsy--hitherto experiences and results of more than 200 cases].

This is a report on more than 228 chorionic biopsies performed at the Department of Gynaecology of the University of Heidelberg. After having completed the pilot study (about 100 cases before planned termination of pregnancy) with a success rate of 87% in obtaining useful chorionic villi we initiated chorionic biopsy for diagnostic purposes. A cytogenetic result was obtained in 95% of all cases after the villi had been sampled, using the method of transcervical aspiration. In 1% of the cases the obtained tissue could not be used; in another 1% a chromosomal mosaic-like pattern was seen, whereas in 3% of the cases no cytogenetic result was obtained despite the fact that partly the available tissue quantities were quite sufficient. No false sex diagnosis was made in any of the examined cases. In 98% of all instances of sampling of chorionic villi, a sufficient amount of useful chorionic villi tissue was obtained. Vaginal bleeding after chorionic biopsy occurred only in about one-third of the cases within 1-7 days after sampling. In another third of the patients questioned accordingly, no vaginal bleeding was reported following chorionic villi sampling. The remaining patients stated that there had been only short-term haemorrhages after biopsy. 122 of 226 patients have since delivered, 39 are at present in the 16th to 28th week of gestation, 41 beyond the 28th week and the remaining 13 were before the 16th week at the time they were questioned. Abortion or foetal death after chorionic biopsy was seen in four cases only (1.8%). No malformations were seen so far in the delivered infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Ovarian pseudocysts in female newborn infants: prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and surgical consequences].

During the last year we diagnosed within the scope of preventive medical care of pregnant women in about the 30th pregnancy week, seven foetuses with abdominal cystic tumours by ultrasound examination. Postpartal ultrasound controls of the mature newborn confirmed the findings. After laparotomy we found ovarian pseudocysts with a volume up to 90 ccm. Histologically we could not identify ovarian tissue. In 66% of the cases we found small cysts on the contralateral ovary. Differential diagnosis and the possible complications must be considered. A laparotomy should be performed and only by high steroid serum level a conservative therapy with MPA should be considered. This is the case in premature newborn with an immature endocrine regulation mechanism.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

Adenine nucleotide degradation in the human myocardium during cardioplegia.

The tissue content of adenine nucleotides and their metabolites, inosine monophosphate, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid, were determined in biopsy specimens from the left ventricle of six patients during cardioplegia for open heart surgery. Biopsy specimens were collected immediately after the induction and at the end of cardioplegia (51-82 min) and were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. After the induction of cardioplegia (cold potassium enriched solution) the left coronary artery was continuously perfused with cold (10 degrees C), potassium enriched, diluted blood. The adenosine triphosphate concentration decreased from 13 to 8 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle (p less than 0.01) during cardioplegia. Adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate concentrations were 6 and 3 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle respectively and remained unaffected. The adenosine concentration (0.3 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle) was three times higher than that of inosine monophosphate. Inosine concentrations increased from 0.8 to 2.7 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle (p less than 0.01) in parallel with the increase in hypoxanthine from 0.1 to 0.4 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle (p less than 0.01). The total adenine nucleotide pool decreased by 5 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle (p less than 0.01), whereas the corresponding increase in nucleotides and bases only was 2 mmol.kg-1 dry muscle. In conclusion, the adenosine triphosphate content and the adenine nucleotide pool were appreciably reduced during continuous cold blood cardioplegia as used in the present study. The tissue content of adenosine and further metabolites was considerably increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1987

Myocardial energy metabolism in the induction phase of cardioplegia in relation to myocardial temperature during open heart surgery.

Changes in myocardial high energy phosphate and lactate concentrations during initiation of cardioplegia for open heart surgery were studied in 21 patients and related to their individual myocardial temperatures. Left ventricular myocardial biopsies were taken 10 min post aortic cross-clamping and were analysed for ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), creatine (C) and lactate. The patients were divided into three groups according to the achieved myocardial temperature: 6-10 degrees C, 11-15 degrees C and 16-24 degrees C. The results indicated that optimal myocardial protection during the induction phase of the cardioplegia was obtained in the 11-15 degrees C group in which the highest ATP concentration and simultaneously lowest lactate concentration was maintained.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Preservation of myocardial high-energy phosphates in open-heart surgery with deep general hypothermia and multidose crystalloid cardioplegia.

Myocardial energy metabolism during deep general hypothermia (20 degrees C) and multidose crystalloid cardioplegia, and also during subsequent reperfusion, was studied in eight patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. Six serial transmural biopsy samples from the left ventricular apex were analyzed for high-energy phosphates and their degradation products. Reductions in ATP, total adenine nucleotide content and energy charge were insignificant during cardioplegia, as were changes in adenosine and uric acid concentrations. During reperfusion, however, there was slight but significant reduction in total adenine nucleotide content, despite adequate oxygenation as indicated by reversal of lactate accumulation. These observations suggest that the reperfusion phase is accompanied by metabolic aberrations which are not overcome by good oxygenation in relation to the metabolic rate.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1987

Sonographic visualization of physiologic anterior abdominal wall hernia in the first trimester.

Ultrasonography is able to detect some fetal abnormalities as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. Using high-resolution ultrasound equipment, it is possible to demonstrate physiologic herniation of the midgut, which usually occurs between eight and nine weeks' gestation (calculated by last menstrual period). Fourteen cases have been studied with weekly ultrasound examinations between seven and 12 weeks' gestation. This herniation varied to a large extent in the different embryos depending on the amount of protruding intestine. In embryologic terms, the return of the intestine into the peritoneal cavity, and its rotation and fixation to the posterior abdominal wall, should be concluded at ten to 12 weeks. In all cases studied, the persistence of umbilical herniation could be ruled out by sonographic visualization of the umbilical cord insertion between ten and 12 weeks. Therefore, the suspicion of a severe congenital abdominal wall defect, such as omphalocele, umbilical herniation, or gastroschisis can reliably be confirmed only after 12 weeks' gestation.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1987

[Optimal production of murine monoclonal antibodies in ascites of syngeneic mice by a single whole body irradiation].

Hybridoma cells injected intraperitoneally into mice induce formation of ascites tumors producing ascites fluid with high levels of monoclonal antibodies. Several parameters affect the growth of the immunoglobulin-producing tumors in vivo. In the present study the average ascites tumor formation rate of 10 different hybridomas could be increased from 32% (n = 338 mice) to 77% (n = 112 mice) by only one whole body irradiation of paraffin-pretreated-Balb/c mice. Production of monoclonal antibodies was better in males because significantly (p less than 0.01) increased volume of ascites fluid. From the increased tumor formation rate in irradiated mice it is suggested that in non-irradiated recipients the tumor growth rate was lowered by immunological reactions against hybridoma cells provoked by cell surface neoantigens revealed by cell fusion and/or tumor-associated antigens of the myeloma parent cells as well as by altered antigen pattern caused by possible mutations in the myeloma cell line and/or Balb/c/K strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin allotypes and immunoreactivity in chronic liver disease.

The immunoglobulin allotypes Gm (a; x; f) and Km 1 have been estimated in 194 patients with chronic liver disease, and compared with the frequency distribution of a representative reference group (Gm : n = 2171; Km : n = 2179). In relation to the Gm phenotypes we have investigated the cell-mediated immunoreactivity by the E rosette test, lymphocyte transformation test and migration inhibition test. Virus-induced chronic liver disease showed significantly higher prevalence of the phenotypes Gm a+x-f+ and Gm a+x+f+ as well as of the marker Km + 1 (p less than or equal to 5%; chi 2-test). In auto-immune chronic liver disease we observed a decrease in the phenotype Gm a+x-f+ while the factor Km + 1 was significantly multiplied. Patients with cryptogenic and alcoholic hepatopathy showed no differences in comparison with the reference group. In the progressive forms of the chronic liver disease (chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis) Gm a+x+f+ was significantly more frequent. The investigations concerning cell-mediated immunity in different Gm allotypes generally showed a trend to increased reactivity in Gm a+x+ in comparison with Gm a-x- in non-alcoholic liver disease. It is possible to presume different genetic and immunologic situations in the various liver diseases as endogenous factors promoting the disease.

Chronic Disease↗