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Biomedical subjects

W Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to W Schmidt.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Length of the cervix in the 2d and 3d trimester: vaginal study versus measurement by perineal scan--an improved indication guide for cerclage?].

In a study made at the Department of Gynaecology of the University of Heidelberg, the cervical length, as measured by vaginal examination, was compared in 100 impatients between the 16th and 40th week of pregnancy with a special ultrasonic examination method termed "perineal scan". Examination results can be considerably simplified, corrected and, above all, increased in objectivity through the use of perineal scan. As a result, in 53 patients in which, clinically, a definite shortening of the cervix was apparent (portio-length 0.5-1 cm), 12 cases (23%) were found by sonography to exhibit a normal finding with a cervical length greater than or equal to 3 cm. Conversely, from 47 patients with either clinically normal findings or clinically minimal cervical shortening (portio-length 1.5-2 cm), 25 cases (53%) were established as pathological by ultrasonic methods (cervical length less than 3 cm). The superior objectivity of the results obtained by perineal scan when compared to vaginal examination could be statistically established, primarily through the number of premature births occurring during the further course of pregnancy. The incidence of premature births was not significantly increased in clinically established cervical shortening of less than 1.5 cm, whereas a significant result was obtained if sonography revealed cervical shortening below 2.5 cm (p less than 0.01). Perineal scan is however also recommended for controlling therapeutic success of tocolytic treatment and for confirming and/or detecting premature rupture of the foetal membranes, as well as in cases of suspected cervical insufficiency or incompetent cervix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in human breast cancer tissue].

Analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are presently being investigated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although their effects are thought to be mediated via the suppression of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids, they could possibly also act directly on the tumour. The binding of a GnRH-agonist to membrane fractions of 97 primary human breast carcinomas was investigated. In 43 cases (44%) the presence of specific GnRH receptor binding sites (above 3 fmol/mg membrane protein) was shown. GnRH receptor content was 6.2 fmol/mg membrane protein in estradiol receptor (ER) positive tissues and in ER negative tissues 2.0 fmol/mg membrane protein (p less than 0.05). Progesterone receptor (PR) positive contained 5.2 fmol/mg protein and PR negative carcinoma contained 2.0 fmol/mg membrane protein. In postmenopausal women GnRH receptor concentration was 5.4 and 2.9 fmol/mg membrane protein, respectively, in ER positive and negative tissues (p less than 0.05) whereas 4.4 and 5.2 fmol/mg membrane protein, respectively, in PR positive and negative samples. Binding of GnRH was positive (above 3 fmol/mg protein) in 33% premenopausal and in 54% of postmenopausal cases. Further clinical studies with GnRH analogues will clarify the therapeutic value of GnRH receptor determination in breast cancer.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1988

Accuracy of death certificates in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

In 108 patients with alcoholic liver disease who died during a 10-year follow-up, the diagnoses from the liver biopsies were compared with that from the Death Certificates. Data show that the currently used ICD-9 category of cirrhosis with or without mention of alcohol has a 47.2% chance of missing the diagnosis of cirrhosis. On the other hand when the mention of liver disease in the Death Certificate is used for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the percentage of undiagnosed cirrhosis decreases to 19.4% (p less than 0.0001).

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamic effects of new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors during continuous angiotensin I infusion on conscious dogs.

The effects of a 6 h infusion of 50 ng/kg.min angiotensin I on hemodynamic parameters were recorded in conscious male beagle dogs. Mean arterial pressure was elevated from 107 +/- 3 mmHg to 152 +/- 5 mmHg (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) within the first hour, followed by a slow decrease to 145 +/- 5 mmHg after 6 h. Cardiac output fell from 2.3 +/- 0.2 l/min to 1.6 +/- 0.2 l/min followed by an increase to 2.5 +/- 0.3 l/min. The peripheral resistance showed an exceeding increase from 2.9 +/- 0.2 mmHg.s/ml to 5.7 +/- 0.7 mmHg.s/ml and a slow decrease to 3.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg.s/ml. Heart rate was found to be decreased from 62 +/- 7 min-1 to 58 +/- 7 min-1 after 1 h. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor enalapril caused a complete reduction of the angiotensin induced hypertension. Three new non-sulfhydryl containing ACE-inhibitors ((S)-N-[N-[1-[ethoxycarbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-N- [1-pyrrolidinyl]-glycine (REV 6207), (S)-N-[N-[1-[ethoxycarbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-N- [2-ethoxyethoxy]-glycine (REV 6134), (S)-N-[N-[1-[ethoxycarbonyl]-3-phenylporpyl]-L-alanyl]-N- [phenylmethyl]-glycine (REV 5975] were found to show a partial reduction of the angiotensin I effect. The duration of action which was found to be similar after oral and intravenous administration ranged from 83 +/- 33 min (n = 3) for REV 5975 to more than 360 min for enalapril. A correlation of the arterial pressure lowering and the percentage of the ACE-inhibition suggests that a considerable blood pressure effect can only be observed when more than about 80% of the ACE-activity is inhibited.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Comparative clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of cefotetan versus cefoxitin plus metronidazole in vaginal hysterectomy.

In a randomised clinical trial, 102 women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy were given a single preoperative 2g dose of cefotetan (CTT) (52 pts) or three perioperative 2g doses of cefoxitin (CFX) plus 0.5g metronidazole (50 pts) as antibiotic prophylaxis. No statistically significant differences between the groups were detected in the clinical response (100% for both groups). The incidence of major wound infection (2% CTT and 0% CFX) were also comparable between the two treatment groups; post-operative changes in body temperature, duration of hospitalisation and post-operative urinary tract infections (16% CTT and 20% CFX) were similar. Both drugs were well tolerated. Twenty nine of the 102 patients were further investigated to determine the pharmacokinetics following a single 2g dose of CTT or CFX, in both serum and tissue. Although both antibiotics provided good concentrations during the early phase of surgery, CTT levels persisted for a longer time period. These results confirm that single dose cefotetan is equally as effective and safe as multiple dose cefoxitin plus metronidazole for prophylaxis in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Development of a computerized system for inventory of controlled drug substances.

An automated drug inventory system was developed to facilitate record keeping requirements for controlled drug substances. A hand-held barcode scanner and a computer-accessible top-loading electronic balance are used to identify and weigh samples each time they are removed from or returned to the safe. A computer compares the initial sample weight to its last recorded weight to assure that no discrepancies occurred prior to sample use. Upon return, the computer compares the difference in initial and return tare weights to the stated amount of drug used to assure accuracy of the written inventory record. Unreconciled errors are immediately brought to the attention of the safe custodian. During its first year of operation, 2791 sample out/sample return transactions on 381 drug samples were tracked by the system. The most common errors detected by the system include sample loss of moisture (9), sample absorption of moisture (4), wrong sample used (4), incorrect weight recorded (4), and sample used without log entry (4). Importantly, all errors were immediately identified and reconciled. At the end of each working day, a printout of all daily transactions shows sample use, possible errors, and whether all samples have been returned to the safe. A printout of the total drug inventory is immediately available when called for. This system provides enhanced vigilance and security, and has been readily accepted by all investigators using controlled drug substances in our laboratory.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1988

[Immunohistochemical studies of the nature of connective tissue in fetal membranes].

Fetal membranes at the end of pregnancy have been examined indirectly with the help of FITC labelled antibodies for the occurrence of different collagen types (I, II, III, IV) and their initial steps as well as fibronectin and laminin. The connective tissue of amnion and chorion is composed of collagen type I and p-III. Collagen type IV occurs only rarely. Despite of the borderline reticulin fibres are not the component of these mechanical resistant fibre-mats. In the PAS positive material, seen between the cells of the trophoblast, laminin and type IV collagen were found. It can be stated that the compound of the intercellular substance is of the same kind as the basement membrane.

Amnion↗
PubMed1988

[Free small intestine transplantation in plastic reconstruction of the oral cavity, pharynx and cervical esophagus. Report of experiences following 3 years of use].

Between August 1984 and August 1987 77 free intestinal grafts were transplanted in our Department of otorhinolaryngology using microvascular anastomoses. These reconstructions were necessary after tumour resections in the oral cavity, in the pharynx, and the cervical oesophagus. Patients, operative technique, perioperative treatment, and complications are described. The definition of oncologic results is still problematic. Only trends have been discovered. In conclusion, complications, functional results, and the advantages of free intestinal grafts are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during diuretic treatment.

In 87 essential hypertensive patients, torasemide (1- isopropyl-3-([4-(3-methyl-phenylalmino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea), a new long-acting high-ceiling diuretic, was applied for 6 months in order to assess its effects on blood pressure and intracellular electrolytes. In a randomized trial 42 patients received 2.5 mg and 45 patients 5 mg torasemide once daily. In all patients, diastolic blood pressure was greater than 100 mm Hg before treatment. Blood pressure normalisation (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) was observed in 21 out of 42 patients receiving 2.5 mg torasemide daily and in 26 out of 42 patients with 5 mg torasemide throughout the study. In both groups doubling of the dosage was performed in these patients who had an insufficient blood pressure control after 4 weeks. In the majority of these non-responders blood pressure normalisation was achieved during the higher dosages. In the total group of patients there was an elevation of the intracellular sodium and a decrease of the intracellular calcium, measured with the ion-selective electrode in red blood cells. It could be shown that the decrease in blood pressure induced by torasemide was accompanied by a decrease of intracellular Ca2+, thus supporting the hypothesis that intracellular free Ca2+ is an important regulator of vascular tone in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antibacterial immunity and its modeling in experimental tumor tetanus and wound tetanus of the mouse.

The experimental and theoretical analysis of the tumor-tetanus phenomenon has provided us with new insights into the pathogenesis of tetanus infection. Our theoretical model of clostridial propagation in the proliferating tissue is based upon the principle of mitosis-controlled rod division (hit and cloning model). It has lent itself to the description of early growth stages of the clostridial rod population in our experiments of tumor tetanus and of wound tetanus of the mouse. However, the later course of the tetanus lethality curves under antitoxin protection, about a week following injection of the tumor cell-spore or CaCl2-spore suspensions, reveals a pronounced delay in clostridial propagation. Based on our model we can explain this process by a humoral immune reaction directed against the clostridial rods taking into account the variability of elimination of the heterologous tetanus antitoxin applied. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by computer simulation. The theoretical knowledge resulting from these studies can be used for the interpretation of the serodiagnostic tumor test with apathogenic clostridia as well as for the quantitative assessment of the malignancy of neoplastic growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bladder cancer detection and surveillance: carcinoembryonic antigen as a monitor of neoplastic transformation.

Routine cytopathology of exfoliated urothelial cells will identify only 70% of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) because most well-differentiated bladder tumors are not detected. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified on urothelial cancer cells from 66% of patients with grade I TCC, 65% with grade II TCC, 65% with grade III TCC, and 80% of patients with CIS. Immunoperoxidase labelling of CEA can enhance the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1987

H-2-specific antibodies induced by injection of syngeneic leukemia cells.

AKR/J mice immunized with several syngeneic leukemia cells contained antibodies in their sera which reacted with certain AKR leukemia cell lines, depending on their H-2 expression, and precipitated H-2K antigens from lysates of leukemia cells. Precipitation of H-2K was not due to virus-specific antibodies: it could not be blocked by prior absorption with H-2-negative leukemias, but was blocked by certain allogeneic lymphocytes. Tumor-specific H-2K antibodies did not react with H-2K from normal AKR lymphocytes either on the cell surface or after detergent solubilization; however, they did react with H-2K from mitogen-activated AKR and BALB.K lymphoblasts. Since both these latter cells were also lysed by AKR-Gross/MuLV-specific and H-2Kk-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we consider the possibility that antibodies detecting conformational alterations induced in H-2Kk molecules by viral association may be present in syngeneic AKR antileukemia sera.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1987

[Bone and soft tissue tumors--progress in this decade].

Conventional plain film roentgenography is the basic examination of bone tumors. Modern digital roentgenography offers technical innovations but no fundamental new diagnostic dimensions. Computerized and magnetic resonance-tomography allow a far better delineation of the tumor spread (staging). These new imaging methods together with ultrasound have revolutionized the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms, not visible on plain film roentgenograms except lipomas and calcifications.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Red cell age effects on metabolism and oxygen affinity in humans.

Hemoglobin-oxygen-binding characteristics and essential influencing factors were investigated in human erythrocytes of different age separated by density gradient centrifugation. The most important age-dependent changes of the cell milieu are losses of K+, organic phosphates and water; the latter also leads to an increased concentration of negative charges on Hb. This augments the Donnan effect, which is only partly compensated for by a decrease of DPG-. The oxygen dissociation curve of the oldest fraction (P50 23.4 mm Hg) is shifted to the left compared to young cells (P50 29.2 mm Hg), and Hills 'n' is decreased (old cells 2.31, young cells 2.74). The Bohr effect for CO2 increases in the old population (BCCO2 at 50% SO2 -0.63 and -0.24 for old and young erythrocytes, respectively). This effect is less pronounced for the Bohr coefficients for lactic acid (delta BCLac 0.09). Most cell age-dependent alterations of Hb-O2-binding (including BCCO2) are explainable by opposite alterations of [Hb] and [DPG], causing the change of the ratio [DPG]/[Hb] from 1.3 to 0.7 during the aging process of the erythrocytes. Minor effects may result from aging of the Hb-molecule itself.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗