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Biomedical subjects

W Raab

Publications and source records attributed to W Raab.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Kallikrein and renal enzyme excretion in rats.

Using the model of renal enzyme excretion in rats it was investigated whether a chemically defined kininogenase (kallikrein) exerts shock-inducing activity. Following i.p. injections of kallikrein in doses of 1000 or 7000 KU/kg body weight, an increase in urinary AP- and LAP-activities was encountered as well as an increase in creatinine excretion. These effects were attributable to increased diuresis and could not be related to any anaphylactoid activity (elicitation of vascular shock) of the injected enzyme preparation. According to these experimental results, kallikrein may not be considered as anaphylactoid drug, at least not in the rat.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Renal effects of gentamicin and cephaloridine. Evaluation by renal enzyme excretion studies in rats and comparison with other antibiotics.

The renal effects of gentamicin and cephaloridine were investigated by determining the changes in renal enzyme excretion. Both drugs provoked significant elevations or urinary AP-, LAP-, or LDH-activities. This result permits the conclusion that both drugs take influence on the kidney. The exact pathomechanism leading to this increased renal enzyme excretion was not elucidated. The fact that gentamicin in the applied dosage (about 30% of LD50) provoked more pronounced changes than cephaloridine (about 20% of LD50) could be explained by an in-vitro interference of cephaloridine with the enzymatic activities investigated in this study. In the discussion, the changes elicited in the same model by other antibacterial compounds were compared with the data obtained with gentamicin and cephaloridine. In closing, implications, restrictions, and validity of renal enzyme excretion studies in rats for screening nephrotoxic properties of a drug for human use are briefly discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

D-penicillamine in dermatology: influence on enzymatic activities of human skin in vitro.

By in vitro assay, 6 important enzymatic activities of human skin homogenates were determined following an incubation with D-penicillamine in concentrations between 10(-4) and 10 mg/ml, i.e. 67 X 10(-5) and 67 mM/l. The following enzymatic activities were recorded: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (AcP), and "leucine aminopeptidase" (LAP). A dose-dependent activation by D-penicillamine occurred in the case of G-6-PDH- and AcP-activities, a dose-dependent inhibition by D-penicillamine was found with AP- and GAPDH-activities. LDH- and LAP-activities remained unchanged in the presence of D-penicillamine in concentrations up to 10 mg/ml (67 mM/l). From the data of pharmacokinetic studies in rats it may be concluded that concentrations of D-penicillamine which influence enzymatic activities may easily be reached in vivo, under the conditions of treating rheumatoid arthritis and Morbus Wilson. The biochemical actions of D-penicillamine are briefly discussed with secial regard to dermatological therapy and dermatological unwanted side-effects.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

[Spectinomycin. Indications and undesirable effects].

Modern chemotherapy postulates highly active drugs without unwanted side effects. In the treatment of gonorrhea spectinomycin meets even the strictest requirements: maximal obtainable cure rates, no masking of concomitant syphilitic infections, and excellent tolerance. In animal experiments no sensitizing effect of spectinomycin was found even when maximation procedures were applied. Anaphylactoid activity of spectinomycin is low, as has been documented by personal investigational series.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1975

In vitro evaluation of methotrexate and azathioprine for antipsoriatic activity.

The effects of methotrexate and azathioprine, two drugs used in antipsoriatic therapy, on oxygen consumption of surviving human skin and on enzymatic activities of human skin homogenates were investigated. In concentrations of 1 mM/1, both substances provoked a significant decrease in oxygen consumption of human skin; in this respect, there was practically no difference between methotrexate and azathioprine. In the enzyme assays, however, azathioprine was, by far, less effective than methotrexate. After an incubation of 120 min azathioprine (1mM/1) inhibited lactate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities by about 10 per cent only, whereas the corresponding values with methotrexate amounted to 80 and 70 per cent, respectively. Methotrexate revealed an immediate inhibitory effect on pure glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase whereas azathioprine produced no changes in this mode. Furthermore, only methotrexate inhibited "acid" phosphatase activity of human skin homogenates.--These data sustain the theory that the better clinical efficacy of methotrexate in patients with psoriasis might be due to the more pronounced inhibition of important enzymes such as the enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

[Haloprogin. Its effects in the presence of glucocorticoids and neomycin].

The problem was studied whether the activity of haloprogin is decreased in the presence of glucocorticoids (6-methyl-prednisolone hemisuccinate sodium; hydrocortisone) or in the presence of a bacteriostatic antibiotic (neomycin). Antifungal activity was determined by measuring changes in oxygen consumption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the resting phase. The results revealed that neither glucocorticoids in concentrations which activate yeast metabolism, nor neomycin impair the antifungal activity of haloprogin. Therefore, haloprogin may safely be used together with glucocorticoids and neomycin in topical therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

[Antipsoriatic effect of dithranol (anthralin). 1].

This review deals with the biochemical-pharmacological actions of anthralin (dithranol) and with the various possibilities of regulating the disturbed metabolism in psoriasis. A close relationship exists between enzyme inhibition, blocking of nucleic acid metabolism, and cytostatic-cytotoxic actions exerted by anthralin. Special reference is made of the inhibitory capacity on important enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt the importance of which is briefly outlined. In vitro experiments with dithranol confirmed clinical observations such as the advantageous application of anthralin together with ultraviolet light or the decreased efficacy of anthralin incorporated in plain zinc paste.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗