Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W R Kelly.
An aortic body tumour in a 7-year-old wire-haired fox terrier with hind limb ataxia is described. A metastatic lesion in the dorsal arch of the eighth thoracic vertebra caused compression of the spinal cord. Radiographic techniques are discussed that enabled the position and extent of the primary tumour and its metastasis to be defined and allowed a provisional diagnosis of chemodectoma.
A 4 month old foal with right sided maxillary enlargement and considerable upper airway obstruction had an ameloblastic odontoma in the right maxillary sinus. This odontogenic tumour, probably congenital in nature, had extensively distorted the structure and contours of the sinus, and displaced the adjacent turbinates and nasal septum.
Squamous cell carcinomas were collected from the eyes of cattle and saline phenol extracts of the tumours were prepared. The aqueous phase of the extract was used in studies on the immunotherapy of ocular squamous cell carcinomas in cattle. After a single intramuscular injection of the extract, regression and sometimes complete disappearance of eye tumours were observed in 39 of 46 carcinomas. Tumours as large as 4 X 5 cm regressed completely. Enhanced growth of tumours was noted in two of three cattle given multiple injections. Regressing tumours were examined histologically and regression appeared to be associated with a cell-mediated immune reaction. Spontaneous regression of a confirmed squamous cell carcinoma was observed in one animal. This spontaneous tumour in one of the larger domestic animals provides a useful experimental model for the study of tumour antigens.
A case of hypertrophic osteopathy is described in a mare with a vague history of abdominal discomfort over the preceding 12 months. Bony swellings were obvious in the pastern area of both forelegs. There was a dysgerminoma of the left ovary that had metastasised to several abdominal lymph nodes and had infiltrated the posterior vena cava. There was no gross thoracic involvement although there was histologic evidence of tumour metastasis in pulmonary arterioles.
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Various fractions of alcoholic extract of Pimelea trichostachya were prepared and three of these were compared in terms of (a) ability to produce sustained contraction of spiral muscle of bovine pulmonary vein in vitro, (b) LD50 values in mice by intraperitoneal injection and (c) acute toxicity by intravenous injection into calves. Good agreement was observed between activity of the fractions in all three systems, thus providing further evidence for the role of pulmonary venous hypertension in the pathogenesis of at least part of the syndrome of Pimelea poisoning in the bovine. The most toxic of the fractions was shown by chronic intoxication of a calf to be capable of producing most of the features of the natural disease.
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Experimental chronic Pimelea poisoning, with severe anaemia, was produced in 4 calves by daily oral dose rates of Pimelea trichostachya of between 20 to 60 mg/kg body weight of whole plant. Bone marrow function was studied before and during intoxication using 59Fe to determine plasma iron clearance rates, intraerythrocytic iron incorporation rates and percentage iron uptake, and faecal blood loss was measured before and during intoxication. It was shown that bone marrow activity was neither significantly depressed nor enhanced during intoxication. There was however, evidence of a slight increase in erythrocyte maturation rate. Reticulocytosis was not observed during the development of anaemia, but did occur in 3 of the calves shortly before death.
Six young cattle were intoxicated with either stem or extracts of stem of Pimelea trichostachya or P. continua. Oral dosage with whole plant or alcoholic extracts was shown to reproduce all the clinical and pathological features of the various field syndromes known collectively as "St. George disease". Subacute intoxication resulted from relatively high oral dose rates, of the order of 60 mg of whole stem/kg body weight/day, maintained for about 2 weeks. Diarrhoea, weakness and anaemia were the predominant features of this sundrome. Lower dose rates, regulated according to the severity of diarrhoea, eventually produced signs of circulatory failure (subcutaneous oedema, hydrothorax and cardiac dilatation) in addition to anaemia and diarrhoea. It did not prove easier to produce circulatory failure by intranasal insufflation of powdered plant. Although the bone marrow of most affected calves did not react to the anaemia there was some evidence that erythropoietic tissue was not directly damaged during the intoxication.
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Pork was cured by (a) the Wiltshire method and (b) a hygienic sweet cure process. Representative samples of both bacons were inoculated at ;low' density (10(3) organisms/g.) and ;high' density (10(6) organisms/g.) with a toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus, ;High' and ;low' density samples of both bacons were each stored at 5 degrees C. for 42 days and 15 degrees C. for 21 days.Results indicated that the test organism at high inoculum density grew slowly in both bacons at 5 degrees C. The organism survived at 5 degrees C. in both ;low density' bacons. At 15 degrees C. the test organism grew; growth being more pronounced in the ;hygienic' than in Wiltshire bacon.
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