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Biomedical subjects

W R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to W R Jones.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Uterine tube microvascular architecture after oophorectomy in the rabbit.

4 adult female virgin rabbits underwent bilateral oophorectomy. 4 weeks later methylmethacrylate corrosion vascular casts of their uterine tubes were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy of the acrylic casts revealed a decrease in the size and number of the large ampullary plical and fimbrial veins which are normally characteristic of these regions. This observation suggests that the reported tubal dysfunction which follows oophorectomy may have a vascular component.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Molecular heterogeneity of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1).

Ion-exchange chromatography has been used to isolate three separate forms of Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoprotein (SP1) from pooled, late-pregnancy human sera. Each of the three components was immunochemically identifiable as SP1, yet distinguishable from each other on the basis of rocket morphology resulting from rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). The elution profile from DEAE Sephacel indicated that each component has an isoelectric point below pH 8.6, but suggested a different charge for each molecular species. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) of pooled, late pregnancy serum suggested the presence of each component prior to physico-chemical treatment and showed the components to be characterised by alpha, beta or gamma electrophoretic mobility. The differences in rocket morphology suggested differing affinities for the antiserum, and a difference in molecular size, which was confirmed by gel filtration.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1982

Assessing immunity to sperm.

Immunological factors are now recognized to operate in a proportion of infertile couples. The assessment of immunity to sperm has been a difficult exercise due largely to the technical vagaries of some of the tests employed and to uncertainties about the biological significance of antisperm antibody activity demonstrated in vitro. This paper reviews the currently available test systems and foreshadows the development of more sensitive and specific assays using defined antigens, particularly those derived from the cell membrane of sperm. It is now clear that the comprehensive assessment of sperm immunity as a potential influence on fertility should include a spectrum of tests designed to detect both local and systemic antibodies in each partner.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1982

The rosette inhibition test in early pregnancy diagnosis.

The rosette inhibition test (RIT) was used to detect pregnancy around the time of implantation. Using an antiserum to peripheral blood lymphocytes, it was possible to diagnose 80 per cent of pregnancies. These results substantiate the view that there is an early pregnancy factor (EPF) present in the serum at a very early stage of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The outcome of artificial donor insemination compared to the husband's fertility status.

One thousand, three hundred and fifty-seven women were treated by artificial donor insemination (AID) using frozen semen at seven Australian centres. Eight hundred and forty-three of the husbands were azoospermic and five hundred and fifteen had pathological semen. The wives of azoospermic men had a significantly higher rate of success when the two groups were compared by life table analysis. It appears likely that the wives of oligospermic men who require AID are less fertile, and may be a contributory factor in the couple's subfertility.

Australia↗
PubMed1982

Microvascular architecture of the mechanically induced hydrosalpinx in the rabbit.

This study was undertaken to document changes in microvascular architecture (MVA) associated with the mechanically induced rabbit hydrosalpinx. Twelve adult female virgin rabbits underwent isthmic and ampullary occlusion at laparotomy, with small tantalum clips. Two or four weeks later, methylmethacrylate vascular casts of the mechanically induced hydrosalpinges were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy. This revealed plicae of markedly reduced size projecting into the distended lumen and fewer subepithelial capillaries were cast in the interplical region than in the adjacent plicae. The fluid accumulation in the hydrosalpinx is presumably a net transudate of the tubal subepithelial capillary bed. The large ampullary plical veins seen in controls were absent; the prominent isthmic arteries normally observed were more pronounced and their branching was more extensive. Subserosal veins were more distended over the hydrosalpinx than in adjacent normal isthmus or ampulla. These observations indicate that the major vascular effects of hydrosaplinx formation are an alteration of interplical MVA and subserosal venous dilation, and suggest higher vascular pressure and blood flow in the mechanically induced hydrosalpinx. We speculate that this implies greater epithelial transudation and that maintenance of the hydrosalpinx, in this model, is probably due to microvascular alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein as a screening test for at-risk pregnancies.

A serum assay was performed on 605 women for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) between 31 and 34 weeks' gestation. SP-1 was also estimated for 255 of these women between 15 and 20 weeks' gestation, coincidental with maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening. A clinical classification of pregnancy outcome was constructed for ech group. SP-1 values at 31 to 34 weeks' gestation in pregnancies that resulted in the birth of a small-for-dates (SFD) infant were statistically different from those in normal pregnancies (p less than 0.001). A value of 100 mg per liter was chosen as a suitable discriminatory level at 31 to 34 weeks, below which SP-1 had a sensitivity of 64%, a predictive value of 24%, and defined a relative risk of 5.3 for SFD infants. These parameters compare favorably with published data on the use of human placental lactogen as a screening test. No statistical relationship was found between SP-1 values at 31 to 34 weeks and birth weight, placental weight, parity, or other abnormal pregnancy outcomes. SP-1 screening at 15 to 20 weeks' gestation showed no correlation with serum AFP or with other parameters studied.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Alice through the laparoscope: the place of laparoscopy in an infertility service.

A retrospective comparison was made of the findings at laparoscopy and hysterosalpingography in 115 infertile women. In 41 of the 92 women whose hysterosalpingograms were reported as being normal, laparoscopy revealed additional pelvic abnormalities relevant to fertility, most commonly pelvic adhesions or endometriosis. This gave a false negative rate of 44% for hysterosalpingography. Conversely, in the 23 women whose hysterosalpingograms were abnormal (usually blockage at one or other cornua), laparoscopy showed no abnormality in six (a false positive rate of 26% for hysterosalpingography). These figures are compared with data extracted from the literature, and a plea is made for earlier laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1981

A comparative study of nucleic acid content and electrophoretic analysis of human decidual and endometrial proteins.

DNA, RNA and protein content expressed in terms of tissue wet weight was significantly reduced in decidua compared to endometrium. A protein with an approximate molecular weight of 36 000 was detected in higher incidence in decidua compared to normal endometrium. Another protein with a molecular weight of 26 000 was detected predominantly in decidua and secretory endometrium. Semiquantitative changes were also observed in the decidua. The peak area of one protein with a molecular weight of 48 000, which was significantly elevated in the secretory compared to the proliferative phase of the cycle, was significantly reduced in early pregnancy decidua. However, in term decidua the peak area of this protein was similar to those in endometrial tissue obtained in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The results demonstrated that the transformation of endometrial stromal cells to decidua involves changes in nucleic acid and protein profiles and is accompanied by enhanced synthesis of at least one protein.

Decidua↗
PubMed1981

A longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity in human pregnancy.

Studies of cell-mediated immunity, comprising delayed hypersensitivity skin testing with four antigens, PHA and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation and detection of the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor, were undertaken in 14 women during pregnancy and in the post-natal period. Skin test reaction sizes to SKSD, PPD, Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid were not significantly different during pregnancy. In vitro lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA, SKSD and Candida albicans was enhanced during pregnancy. Monocyte chemotactic factor production was not significantly different during pregnancy. These in vitro tests were performed in the absence of autologous sera. These studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses are normal during human pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Application of a sperm micro-immobilization test to cervical mucus in the investigation of immunologic infertility.

A complement-dependent sperm micro-immobilization test for antisperm antibodies in cervical mucus was evaluated in 195 infertile women. Positive tests were obtained among 17% of women with "unexplained" and 12% with an "organic" basis for their infertility. The results confirmed previous reports of the presence of cervical mucus antibodies in the absence of corresponding activity in serum. Non-complement-dependent sperm-immobilizing activity was also detected in the cervical mucus of several patients. During a follow-up period of 9 to 24 months, 10% of those with "unexplained" infertility who had complement-dependent sperm-immobilizing antibodies in their mucus became pregnant, compared with 29% of those without antibodies. The corresponding pregnancy rates for patients with "'organic" infertility were 18% and 11%. In four patients with positive tests who subsequently conceived, further tests failed to detect the persistence of the immobilizing activity.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1981

Artificial insemination by frozen donor semen: results of multicentre Australian experience.

A total of 5461 insemination cycles with frozen donor semen has been analysed for 8 of the larger AID services in Australia. Cumulative pregnancy rate, calculated by life-table analysis, showed that 50% of all patients are pregnant after 6 cycles of insemination and 64% of all patients are pregnant after 12 cycles of insemination. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the first 3 cycles, declined in the next 3 cycles and was further reduced in the last 6 cycles of insemination. An average of 10% of all insemination cycle were anovular, but the proportion of anovular cycles was significantly lower in the first 2 cycles of insemination. There was no significant difference in cumulative pregnancy rates over the first 6 cycles of insemination in clinics using cervical mucus scoring or LH assay for detection of ovulation. An average of 12% of all pregnancies obtained by AID resulted in miscarriage.

Australia↗