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Biomedical subjects

W Queisser

Publications and source records attributed to W Queisser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prospective randomized trial concerning hyper- and normoprolactinemia and the use of bromoergocryptine in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

This prospective trial was designed to help in selecting therapy for patients with elevated and normal plasma prolactin. Ninety-two patients entered this trial, of whom 86 were evaluable for final analysis. Hyperprolactinemic patients (n = 31) were randomized to receive VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without bromoergocryptine. Normoprolactinemic patients with 'low risk' metastatic disease (disease-free interval greater than 30 months, ER/PR positive or unknown) were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate or VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Normoprolactinemic 'high risk' patients (n = 42) (disease-free interval less than 30 months, EP/PR negative) received VAC/FMC chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). The results show that bromoergocryptine does not improve response rate, duration of response and survival. Median survival of patients with elevated basal plasma prolactin (greater than 15 ng/ml) is reduced to 9 months compared to patients with normal basal plasma prolactin (17 months, log-rank p = 0.005). Unexpectedly, TRH stimulation proved inappropriate to separate normo- and hyperprolactinemic patients in terms of survival. Normoprolactinemic 'low risks' (tamoxifen failures) were observed to qualify for further hormone therapy (median survival 21+ months). Normoprolactinemic 'high risks' showed median survival of about 12 months with no apparent benefit for those receiving MAP, additionally. The results suggest that basal hyperprolactinemia, disease free interval, ER/PR receptor status, and liver metastasis are important prognostic variables. Endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy should be selected according to these risk factors.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Chemotherapy of advanced gastric carcinoma.

The results of current chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma are reviewed. Recent results of phase-II trials suggest that besides 5-fluorouracil, the nitrosoureas, adriamycin and mitomycin C, cis-platinum is also an effective drug in advanced gastric carcinoma. The favorable results obtained with the FAM-regimen in the late seventies, which were believed to be a significant step towards an improved treatment of gastric carcinoma, could not be confirmed, and several tested FAM-modifications were not able to improve treatment results. However, some recent investigations of cis-platinum within combination chemotherapy, i.e. with 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin (FAP), showed response rates beyond 30% and possibly a prolongation of median survival. These favorable data, which suggest an encouraging progress within the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma, have to be confirmed in further controlled clinical trials.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Phase III study of 5-FU and carmustine versus 5-FU, carmustine, and doxorubicin in advanced gastric cancer.

Seventy-seven patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were prospectively randomized to receive 5-FU and carmustine (FB) with or without doxorubicin (FAB). Thirty-five patients were evaluable for response. Neither the response rates (partial remission, 11% for FB and 24% for FAB) nor survival times (median, 4.0 months for FB and 5.5 months for FAB) were statistically different. The median survival of patients with partial remission (7.8 months) and those with no change (7.4 months) was significantly prolonged compared to patients with progressive disease (4.5 months). The side effects of both regimens after the first treatment cycle (except alopecia in FAB) were low. After the second cycle more pronounced myelosuppression in the FAB arm was observed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, recurring staphylococcal infections and a defect in granulocyte chemotaxis in adults. A variant of Job's syndrome].

Two cases in adults with recurrent staphylococcal infections associated with abnormal granulocytic chemotaxis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E (Job's syndrome) are described. The pathophysiological mechanisms seems to consist of an abnormal IgE reaction against staphylococcal antigens causing secondary abnormality of granulocyte function. Abnormal cellular immune function was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Corticosteroid administration at first proved effective in both patients. One patient developed Hodgkin's disease of the mixed type in the course of the disease.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

[Chemotherapy of the non-small cell carcinoma of the lung with ifosfamide and cisplatin].

80 patients with inoperable non-small cell bronchial carcinoma were treated, at an interval of 4 weeks between them, with ifosfamide (2 g/m2 on days 1-5) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2, day 1). All diagnoses had been confirmed histologically. The course of 72 patients (36 with squamous carcinoma, 25 with adenocarcinoma, two with alveolar-cell carcinoma and nine with large-cell carcinoma) could be evaluated. There were four complete and 21 partial remissions (response rate 35%). In a further 14 patients temporary arrest of tumor growth was registered. Median survival time of all patients was 8.3 months, for those with complete and partial remission 11.5 months. Patients in whom the tumor progressed lived on average 3.9 months. Age and general state of the patients, as well as histological tumor type, had no influence on the results of treatment. Patients in stage IV lived, at seven months, significantly less long than those with only loco-regional spread (11 months). Main side-effects were vomiting, bone-marrow depression and neuropathy. Urotoxicity was not significant, as a result of treatment with mesna. Remission rate and survival time of these patients corresponded with the results obtained with other cisplatin combinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Prospective randomized study in advanced stomach cancer. Comparison between combinations of 5-fluorouracil and carmustine without and with adriamycin].

In a multi-center study of 77 patients with gastric carcinoma and metastases, the effects of combined 5-fluorouracil and carmustine with or without adriamycin (FB vs FAB) were compared. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups as to rate of response or survival time, response to treatment was 20% (FB) and 24% (FAB), including "no change" 52% and 56%, respectively. But median survival time among the responders (partial remission and clinical improvement) and of the patients with unchanged findings was significantly longer (8.4 or 7.4 months, respectively) than that among patients with progression (4.5 months). Analysis of prognostic factors in terms of survival curves revealed no difference between patients with or without measurable tumor parameters, with or without local recurrences or liver metastases. However, there was a statistically significant worsening of prognosis for patients whose initial general state was reduced, who had lung metastases or increased WBC counts. Side effects were relatively mild with both therapy regimens, except for alopecia with FAB. After the second treatment cycle myelosuppression was more marked with FAB than FB.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Combination chemotherapy (VAC/FMC) with immunostimulation in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized study comparing different times and routes of administration of Corynebacterium parvum.

From January 1978 to December 1980, 222 patients with metastatic breast cancer were included into a prospective multicenter trial. All patients were treated once a month with six cycles of VAC- (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy, followed by FMC (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide) until progression was documented. By random assignment, the patients received immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) by one of four methods: subcutaneous (SC) on either day 1 or day 14, intravenous (IV) on either day 1 or day 14. The 214 evaluable patients were equally distributed to the four arms. The rates of complete or partial response to VAC/FMC plus CP did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. Of our patients, 22-33% were definite treatment failures. The Kaplan-Meier curves of duration of remission (medians 14 vs. 9 vs. 13 vs. 11 months) did not differ significantly. Only small differences in survival were noted among the four study groups (medians 15.4 vs. 17.5 vs. 17.2 vs. 13.0 months). However, complete and partial responders lived significantly longer (Log rank test P = 0.008), when CP was given on day 14 by the SC rather than IV route (29+ vs. 14.3 months). Patients in the four study groups were treated with virtually identical doses of VAC/FMC chemotherapy. Patients receiving CP intravenously on day 14 experienced significantly lower mean leukocyte counts than patients in the other groups. Many patients suffered from high temperature (requiring treatment with antipyretics) and severe gastrointestinal toxicity, particularly when CP was given IV on day 1 together with the chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Randomized crossover study of the antiemetic activity of levonantradol and metoclopramide in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

In a randomized crossover study 57 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy with high emetic potential were treated with low-dose levonantradol or standard-dose metoclopramide and crossed over to the other antiemetic drug in the next identical chemotherapy cycle. In the 45 patients evaluable for treatment response the antiemetic efficacy of levonantradol was significantly better: 62% had less nausea and 58% less vomiting, as against 11% and 16%, respectively, with metoclopramide. Patient preference for antiemetic treatment was levonantradol in 49% and metoclopramide in 22% of cases. Levonantradol treatment was accompanied by a relatively high incidence of side-effects (71%) compared with metoclopramide (29%). The antiemetic efficacy of each single drug was incomplete in most cases of this trial, and antiemetic combination therapy is recommended for further trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer pain.

First, the cytostatic and hormonal therapy of cancer primarily affects the tumor mass and in this way also the cancer pain. If chemotherapy is effective, malignant organ infiltrations may be sufficiently treated. However, the pain resulting from malignant organ destruction cannot usually be influenced by chemotherapy alone. Second, paraneoplastic syndromes showing pain symptomatology (e.g., polyneuropathies, rheumatoid symptoms) may be affected positively in chemotherapy-sensitive tumors. Third, the alleviation of cancer pain by palliative chemotherapy must be purchased by the specific drug toxicity. Detailed trials comparing the advantages and disadvantages of cancer chemotherapy are still lacking. Fourth, the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy should not be evaluated by subjective improvement (reduction of cancer pain) alone, but by objective response criteria (remission rate, response duration, survival). Fifth, at present about 50% of all cancers can potentially be influenced by chemotherapy (10% curative, 40% palliative). And, sixth, besides oral and intravenous administration, local, intrathecal, intracavitary, and intra-arterial administration of cytostatic agents is also used in the palliative care of cancer pain.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Gastrointestinal tumors: chemotherapeutic preparations].

According to the unfavorable prognosis for patients who underwent surgical resection of gastrointestinal carcinoma, an additional systemic treatment is necessary, however chemotherapeutic results are still unsatisfactory. In advanced gastric carcinoma combination chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin (FAMe, FAB, FAM) suggests response rates of 30-40% and a significantly prolonged median survival time of the responders compared to non-responders. Therefore cytostatic treatment should be tried under controlled conditions. Summarizing the treatment results of advanced colorectal carcinoma, combination chemotherapy did not exceed monotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. For the management of metastatic disease an attempt to reduce the tumor mass by 5-fluorouracil may be indicated. In non-responders nitrosoureas additionally should be given. In advanced pancreatic carcinomas the three drug combinations (e.g. FAM) obviously show similar response rates (about 40%) as in gastric carcinoma. However the treatment response is dependent on a favorable performance status.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Etretinate (Ro 10-9359, Tigason) and CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea) and bleomycin versus CCNU and bleomycin in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus (Working group on Internal Medicine Oncology Study BS1/78)].

Forty-six evaluable patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were treated in a randomized fashion with either etretinate, CCNU and bleomycin in combination (ECB) or with CCNU and bleomycin (CB). There were no complete and no partial responses. Minor responses occurred in 5 patients (24%) with ECB and in 3 patients (12%) with CB independently of histological grade. No change was observed in 9 patients (43%) with ECB and in 13 patients (52%) with CB. There was no survival difference between the two groups. Reversible side-effects of skin and mucous membranes were more frequent under ECB. The antitumor efficacy of CB is marginal and could not be improved by the addition of the vitamin-A-derivative etretinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A randomized study of combination chemotherapy (VAC-FMC) with or without immunostimulation by Corynebacterium parvum in metastatic breast cancer.

A total of 156 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered into a prospective multi-center trial in September 1975. All patients were treated monthly with vincristine, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (VAC) six times, followed by 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide (FMC) until progression was documented. By random assignment, the patients received 5 mg/m2 Corynebacterium parvum (CP) subcutaneously on day 1, in addition to VAC/FMC. Of the 150 evaluable patients, 33 of 76 (45%) and 36 of 74 (49%) had complete or partial response to VAC/FMC plus CP, respectively. The Kaplan-Maier curves of duration of remission and survival were almost identical (medians 14.5 vs 12.1 months and 22.2 vs 21.1 months, respectively). The hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were also similar in the two study groups. However, 19 of 74 (26%) patients developed skin ulcers after repeated injections of CP. These patients showed prolonged survival (P = 0.002, log rank test). These results suggest that adding nonspecific immunostimulation with CP to currently available chemotherapy on day 1 is of no benefit to most patients with metastatic breast cancer, but may select an "immunoreactive subgroup with increased local toxicity and survival.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

[Programmed after care of breast cancer. Results of a follow-up model after 2 years later].

In two years 359 patients with breast cancer were evaluated in a cooperative follow-up programme in which the organisation and documentation were done in hospital, the medical care and investigations by the family doctor. 72% of 316 evaluable patients remained in regular control. 63% chose the family doctor for follow-up while the others preferred hospital. In the first year 71-80% attended their appointments, in the second year 60-74%. Statistically significant parameters for detection of metastases were the following: general condition, local signs, palpable lymph nodes, markedly increased ESR, alkaline phosphatase, chest radiograph, and bone scan. Cumulative freedom from recurrence in the whole group diminished from 1.0 to 0.631 in 25 months, cumulative survival from 1.0 to 0.876 in 20 months. In both groups there were significant differences between stages I, II and III. Forty patients (16%) out of 250 developed a recurrence within 2.25 years, in five (2%) a second carcinoma developed. There was a high proportion of local recurrences (20 out of 40) and these often led to generalised disease (11 out of 20).

Aftercare↗
PubMed1982

Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and BCNU chemotherapy in gastric cancer: 3-year results.

One hundred-three patients with a potentially curative operation of a histologically proven gastric cancer were randomly assigned to a control and chemotherapy group after stratification according to tumor stage II and III. Chemotherapy courses with 5-fluorouracil (10 mg/kg/day) and BCNU (40 mg/m2/day) for 5 days were administered eight times in 6-8 week intervals. Age, sex, and tumor location were matched in the chemotherapy and control groups. Five patients declined treatment after randomization. Three years after initiating the study, the tumor has recurred in 38 of the 103 patients. There were 21 recurrences of 54 controls and 14 recurrences of 44 patients who received chemotherapy, and 17 and ten deaths, respectively, due to tumor relapse. The results of our study to data show a high degree of statistical probability that adjuvant chemotherapy with the regime used has no influence on the recurrence-free interval and survival time in gastric cancer.

Carmustine↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of refractory cytostatic agent-induced vomiting with the synthetic cannabinoid levonantradol].

20 patients with malignant tumours with severe gastrointestinal side effects during cancer chemotherapy refractory to standard antiemetic drugs were treated with the cannabinoid levonantradol in a second identical chemotherapy course. 17 patients (85%) has less nausea and vomiting, 5 had a total relief of symptoms, and 8 had a reduction of frequency of vomiting of 50% or more. Side effects were frequent, whereby fatigue, dizziness (12/20) and psychical side effects (8/20) were found to be the most uncomfortable.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Alternative treatment with carmustine, vindesine and tamoxifen in previously cytostaticly (VAC, FMC) treated patients with metastatic breast cancer].

Looking for an alternative treatment for patients with advanced breast carcinoma resistant to the common treatment regimens, vindesine, carmustine (BCNU) and tamoxifen were used for further treatment. 27 patients were admitted to a two-step-treatment-schedule including a step I with tamoxifen alone and a step II with vindesine, carmustine and tamoxifen. Within the step I with tamoxifen 7 of 14 patients (50%) and within the consecutive step II with vindesine, carmustine and tamoxifen 4 of 20 patients (20%) responded to this regimen. The mean duration of the response was + 7.4 and + 9.0 months, respectively. The results suggest that effective palliation is still possible in some patients suffering from progressive disease after therapy with vincristine + adriamycin + cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil + methotrexate + cyclophosphamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The behavior of antidiarrheal drugs in experiments].

Four antidiarrheal drugs (China clay, bentonite, pectin, Kaoprompt H) are fed to mice by a gastric probe. Eight hours later, samples are taken from small intestine and colon to study the behaviour of the drugs in the gut. Any interactions with the brushborder of the villi at best are possible in the case of pectin. The viscosities of the suspended drugs depending on selected steps of pH are tested. The results are supporting the histological findings. The mechanical effects which may be put on the gut by the drugs are discussed.

Animals↗