Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Meyer.
A case of of Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy is presented, a recently described lymphoproliferative disorder with an increasing incidence. The onset was caused by Triamterene, and a remarkable sensitivity to sunlight exposure was observed. The course of the disease was characterized by remissions effected by admittance of symptomatic therapy and relapses without any obvious cause.
Septic shock in rats lead to pulmonary disorders associated with alterations of phospholipid metabolism. The ratio between phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine is lowered both in lung tissue and in pulmonary surfactant because enzymes of phosphatidylcholine remodeling mechanism are distinctly affected by septic shock. Specific activity of phospholipase A2 is enhanced 5-fold while specific activities of lysolecithin acyltransferase and lysolecithin : lysolecithin acyltransferase are only slightly increased or remain unchanged. Beyond that, palmitic acid content of lung tissue phosphatidylcholine is significantly reduced and replaced mainly by arachidonic acid. The release of this fatty acid by action of phospholipase A2 may lead via intermediates to the generation of potent mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxane or slow-reacting substance.
After the removal of collagen and ground substance by autoclaving tissue samples and subsequently applying the SEM technique, a dense meshwork of elastic fibres could be demonstrated in the dermis of the pig (wild boar, domestic pig, miniature pig). The abdominal body region showed relatively large amounts of elastic fibres compared to the back and the lateral body wall. In comparison with the papillary layer and the mid-dermis, thicker elastic fibres predominated in the deeper dermis; thinner fibres were attaching to the epidermis and the pilosebaceous units. The results are discussed in relation to corresponding investigations on the human dermis.
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Endometriosis is a sufficiently common disease that should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of colon lesions in women of child bearing age. Six selected cases illustrate problems of diagnosis and management of endometriosis of the colon. Characteristics of colon endometriosis are typical large-bowel symptoms such as colicky pains and hemorrhage usually situated in the sigmoid and rectosigmoid region, extramucosal radiologic appearance of a marked smooth-walled stenosis, and the difficult endoscopic and histological preoperative diagnosis. Suspected malignancy and the presence of the symptoms of a colon lesion are indications for bowel resection, which is an effective form of therapy.
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The traumatic mediastinal emphysema occurs along with severe combined injuries. A typical feature is the subcutaneous emphysema as well as crackling sounds and frequently a pneumothorax. The radiography of the chest shows air in the mediastinum surrounding the mediastinal structures. The pleura drainage could be done as an emergency performance in cases of pneumothorax. In cases of an increasing subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema as well as circulatory failure a cervical mediastinotomy should be carried out. The tracheobronchial tree should be examined bronchoscopically for possible ruptures. Esophagus injuries will be detected by the distribution of a contrast fluid. Even a thoracotomy may be necessary.
The distribution and activities of phosphatases and oxidative enzymes have been determined with the help of histochemical methods in the kidney of the Prussian Carp, a stenohaline freshwater-fish. In addition to fish maintained in freshwater aquaria, a group of the animals used has been adapted to seawater of moderate salinity. The following pattern of enzyme reaction intensities has been observed in the various kidney structures: Strong reactions of alkaline phosphatase in the nephron are confined to the glomerular capillary convolute and the brush border of proximal segments. Equally enzyme activities are observed in the connective tissue sheath of the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. Acid phosphatase can be detected in all segments of the nephronic tubule, strong activities are found in the proximal segment (P I), in the epithelium of the archinephric duct, and, especially, in the interstitial tissue. ATPase reacts strongly positive in epithelial cells of the distal tubule and the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. ATPase reactions are inhibited by Ouabain, and therefore can be regarded as reactions of Na--K-ATPase. Mitochondrially bound oxidative enzymes, connected with the citric acid cycle and the respiratory chain, show very strong reaction intensities in the distal tubule and the collecting duct- archinephric duct system, while the glomeruli generally exhibit negative reactions. Lactate -- and malate dehydrogenases are found to react weakly to negatively throughout the whole kidney. Maintenance in seawater does not deeply affect the enzyme pattern of the kidney of the Prussian carp, with exception of some oxidative enzymes, reacting weaker in the distal tubule and the collecting duct-archinephric duct system. In addition, the epithelial cells of the archinephric duct of seawater adapted fish show a marked apical localization of reaction products for these enzymes. Possible relations between enzyme histochemistry and fish kidney physiology are discussed, in connection with comparative aspects of the enzyme histochemistry of the vertebrate kidney. A short review of normal histology and function of the kidney of the Prussian carp is added.
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The ZYPAB (Zytologisches Prescreeing durch Automatische Bildverarbeitung) system was developed over the past eight years as a special application of our microscope image-processing system. The data-acquisition device consists of a commercial research microscope and an image-dissector camera. The diagnostic decision on the entire sample is based on the evaluation of 18 nuclear features. The result of classification is statistical information on the probability of coincidence of an unknown case with the normal object sample. In addition, the program automatically assesses the number of isolated epithelial cell nuclei. With this information it is possible to differentiate between tumor-suggestive, negative and inadequate smears.
Phosphatidyl-1-aminopropane-2-ol has been detected in rat liver after intraperitoneal administration of 1-aminopropane-2-ol hydrochloride. The new glycerophospholipid was chromatographically identified by comparison with chemically and enzymatically synthesized phosphatidyl-1-aminopropane-2-ol and by gas-liquid chromatography of the polar group as trifluoroacetyl derivative.
Pancreatic auto- and allotransplantation of the pancreas tail were successfully performed in dogs. Malnutrition related to pancreatic exocrine hypofunction occurs initially in pancreatic-autotransplantation but gradual recovery by 3 months is normal. Tolbutamide showed a significant prolongation of hypoglycemia, glucose tolerance curves were normal in pancreatic autotransplantation. Denervation and lymphatic interruption of the pancreas may cause a transient but not definitive influence on pancreatic functions. In pancreatic allotransplantations there was a slight extension of survival time in the immunosuppressive treated group (Imuran 6 mg/kg). The results suggest that hyperglycemia, a poor response of the islets after glucose stimulation and a low circulating plasma-insulin level along with a low amylase level indicated the end point of rejection. The canine pancreas has been perfused for 3 hours with a membrane oxygenator, a pulsatile pump and a heat exchanger at a temperature of 37 degrees C. Among the criteria used in this study the insulin output into the venous blood in response to glucose administration as well as a pancreas secretion after secretin stimulation were found to be the most reliable indicators as to the viability of the pancreas. This is further supported by an average oxygen consumption of 0,77 ml O2/100 g/min at a constant flow of 80 ml/min and a pressure of 75 mmHg.
The central nervous systems of web-building spiders (Araneidae, Agelenidae) and hunting spiders (Lycosidae, Salticidae) were tested for non-specific and specific phosphatases. Acid phosphatase exhibited weakly to moderately positive reactions in the neuronal cell bodies and in the neuropile fibre mass of all species investigated. Alkaline phosphatase could only be demonstrated in the external and internal neural lamellae of the brain and ventral cord of several specimens of the araneid species investigated. Tests for thiamine pyrophosphatase were negative with both the lead and calcium-cobalt methods. Distinctive positive reactions for adenosine triphosphatase were visible in the nervous system of all the species used, being especially strong in the optic ganglia of the hunting spiders. The demonstration of adenosine triphosphatase was only possible when applying the calcium-cobalt method after Padykula and Herman, while the lead method after Wachstein and Meisel did not produce any staining reaction at all. Controls of the histochemical reaction showed that the enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by sulphydryl destroying reagents (e.g. PCMB), but was insensitive to ouabain. It could be probably classified as a mitochondrial proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase.
The distribution and activities of several oxidative enzymes and of myosin-ATPase have been studied in the trunk musculature of the river lamprey. The strongest activity of oxidative enzymes and of myosin-ATPase was shown by the parietal fibre bundles of the myotomal subunits, whilst the central fibres reacted to a lesser extent. Pre-incubation of sections in media containing formaldehyde and glycine or with buffers of different pH, followed by incubation for myosin-ATPase, also differentiated the muscle fibres into a specific distribution pattern within the myotomes, resembling that of the oxidative enzymes to some extent. The parietal fibres were found to be of the slow type (type I) and the cental fibres to be fast (type II A).