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Biomedical subjects

W Meinhof

Publications and source records attributed to W Meinhof.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Kinetics and spectrum of activity of oral antifungals: the therapeutic implications.

As a wider variety of organisms are being identified in superficial fungal infections, more accurate methods of identification may be required to determine fungal susceptibility. The sensitivity of available methods, such as the minimal inhibitory concentration test, is reviewed. The sensitivities of causative pathogens and the pharmacokinetics of the oral antifungal agents are described. Griseofulvin has a low affinity and ketoconazole a high affinity for keratin, but both require long-term administration to be effective. The pharmacokinetic profiles of terbinafine and itraconazole allow effective short-term treatment with high rates of clinical and mycologic cure. All four agents are active against dermatophytes. Ketoconazole has a broader spectrum of activity but is limited by a rare incidence of hepatotoxicity. Itraconazole has the broadest spectrum of activity.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The control of storage mites in the mycological laboratory].

Mycological cultures in the laboratory are threatened by storage mites who feed on fungi and cause contamination by transferring bacteria and fungi from culture to culture. To eliminate mites from fungal cultures without damage to the fungi themselves several chemical and physical procedures were tested. The following substances were added to Sabouraud glucose (2%) agar at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0%: gamma benzene hexachloride (lindane), N-ethyl-o-crotonyltoluide, pyrethrins, dieldrin N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzyl benzoate, and--as popular household remedies--Eau de Cologne, neutral soap and garlic. The media were inoculated with 4 dermatophytes (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and E. floccosum). Two to three weeks later the fully grown cultures were contaminated with mites and their eggs. In other test series, mite infested cultures were exposed to heat (40 degrees C and 60 degrees C) or cold from -12 degrees C to -28 degrees C over different periods of time. Finally, the protective value of sealing culture dishes with adhesive tape was investigated. The most useful method to control mite infestation in fungal cultures seemed to be exposure to heat over a short time.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Differential diagnosis of tinea manus and tinea pedis].

Dermatophytoses of hands and feet may appear under a variety of different clinical pictures which can easily be mistaken for other skin diseases. The degree of acute or chronic inflammation and of a disturbed keratinization determines if vesicle or pustule formation, scaling, hyperkeratosis or maceration are predominant features of a tinea manus or tinea pedis. Several examples of similar clinical manifestations e.g. eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, are given. It is stressed that direct microscopy and culture of the fungus are prerequisites of a correct mycological diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of oral candidosis.

Although it is well known that both yeasts in general and Candida albicans in particular are frequently found in the oral cavity of ill and even of healthy individuals, the definite incidence of oral candidosis is far from being clear. Today it is, however, possible to assess the frequency of oral candidosis in a country indirectly, judging from the frequency of prescription of drugs for this indication. Data thus obtained indicate a remarkable increase of the frequency of the disease during the last decade. While polyenes are still prescribed for oral candidosis about as often as ever, the prescription of azoles has gained more and more importance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Occurrence of HPV genomes in penile smears of healthy men.

Penile smears of 530 males without any clinically detectable genital papillomavirus infection were subjected to molecular in situ hybridization on filters with different 32P-labeled HPV-DNAs. HPV genomes were identified in 31 cases (5.8%). Eight smears reacted with HPV 6/HPV 11 DNA and 5 specimens with HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA exclusively; in 18 cases HPV 6/HPV 11 and HPV 16/HPV 18 were found in coexistence. With regard to the different age groups, HPV-DNA was found in only 1.7% of smears obtained from persons over 35 years of age, while 7.9% of the samples from men aged 15 to 35 gave positive results. This age distribution indicates that the occurrence of HPV genomes in epithelial cells of the glans may be due to infections by sexual contact rather than to reactivation of persisting viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Patient noncompliance in dermatomycosis. Results of a survey among dermatologists and general practitioners and patients.

Noncompliance among dermatomycosis patients exists in many forms and is widespread. Patients are noncompliant in two major areas: they reduce the number of necessary daily applications of the antifungal drug and they prematurely stop the therapy. A survey among 35 dermatologists and general practitioners as well as 230 dermatomycosis patients in Germany in 1982 showed that noncompliance is widespread: a total of 48% of patients neglected the proper daily dosage schedule, 44% reduced the number of daily applications, whereas 4% increased them. 25% of patients stopped treatment after the symptoms had disappeared. However, there is no such thing like the noncompliant patients personality. Depending on the kind of noncompliance, different personality structures appear. And based on the patient's overall attitude towards noncompliance - one third confesses to be noncompliant - the psychological picture becomes even more complex and multifaceted. Improving patient compliance seems to be most promising by better, i.e. more thorough, doctor-patient communication and antifungal drugs that minimize the risks of noncompliant behavior by requiring less daily applications and a shorter time of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Current trends in the treatment of mycotic infections].

Several new drugs have recently been developed which will contribute to improve control of mycoses. Especially oral broad spectrum antifungals seem to open a new era of antimycotic therapy. As many mycoses are based on limited deficiencies of the host's defense systems, immunostimulating therapy becomes increasingly important, but is still in the beginning of its development. World-wide programmes stimulated by WHO, ISHAM and other international Medical Associations should help do distribute the achievements of pharmaceutical research to regions of greatest need.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Demonstration of typical features of individual Candida albicans strains as a means of studying sources of infection.

For research into sources of infection it is very important to distinguish one strain of an infective agent from other strains of the same species by characteristics peculiar to it alone. The relatively unvarying properties which are used to differentiate species (e.g. typical fermentation and assimilation patterns) are not suitable for this purpose. Different authors have utilized for this purpose either morphological features or enzymatic and also, most recently, resistance characteristics vis-à-vis certain fungicidal agents. The so-called Resistogram method of Warnock and a combination test set by Odds have proved especially useful. Like these 2 authors, we, too, addressed ourselves once again to the question whether vaginal reinfections are frequently due to associated intestinal colonization by Candida albicans and infection of the vagina from this reservoir. Initial studies by Warnock seemed to refute this hypothesis. However, our own data and later studies by Warnock did confirm the above assumption.

Candida albicans↗