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Biomedical subjects

W M Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to W M Murphy.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Nephrogenic adenoma of urinary bladder associated with malakoplakia.

A case of nephrogenic adenoma occurring in a twelve-year-old black female child, associated with recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infection is described. The patient was followed for over six years and treated with repeated cystoscopic examinations and fulgurations of the lesion. Five years after the initial diagnosis, malakoplakia of the bladder developed in association with nephrogenic adenoma. There was no evidence of invasion of the bladder by the lesion during these six years. Electron microscopic study of nephrogenic adenoma indicated its origin from the urothelium. Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder is to be considered as a benign metaplastic lesion of the urothelium and is to be treated with repeated cystoscopic fulgurations.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

A clinical survey of gagging patients.

A clinical investigation was carried out on 74 dental patients who were suffering from a severe gagging reflex. The most common stimulating factor was the maxillary denture. Routine history and clinical examination were carried out for each patient, and lateral skull radiographs and an Eysenck Personality Inventory were completed for some of the patients. Treatment consisted of the use of an acrylic resin training base combined with relaxation therapy and heterohypnotic techniques. The results of this ongoing study were: (1) there were no consistent features of the group which differentiated them from control groups; (2) a number of patients were insufficiently motivated and discontinued treatment; and (3) some patients who were declared completely cured suffered relapses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Influence of dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the induction of urinary bladder cancer in rats.

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was instilled by a urethral catheter into the urinary bladders of female Wistar rats in weekly doses of 0.5 mg for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. At 75 weeks after the initial dose of MNU, the incidences of bladder cancer were 0, 7, 50 and 64% for the total doses of MNU of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg, respectively. Control rats instilled with 0.9% NaCl only for 1--4 weeks did not develop bladder cancer by 75 weeks. Higher doses of MNU of 4.0 and 6.0 mg, given weekly in 0.5 mg amounts for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, induced a higher incidence (nearly 90%) of urinary bladder cancer in rats at 22--28 weeks. However, it was shown that control rats given 12 weekly installations of solvent only developed a significant number (33%) of bladder cancers by 22--28 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Nephrotic syndrome with mesangial-cell proliferation in children--a distinct entity?

Various morphologic patterns have been identified in renal biopsies of children with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have clinicopathologic features sufficiently distinct to warrant a separate subclassification. "Immunoglobulin M (IgM) nephropathy" and other morphologic patterns are less well defined. The clinicopathologic characteristics of eight patients with the nephrotic syndrome, increased mesangial cellularity on renal biopsy, and hematuria (mesangioproliferative nephropathy) were evaluated. Response to standardized prednisone therapy was poor. Of the seven children followed for 7-29 months, only two were in remission at the time of writing, and each of these had had one prior relapse. The eighth patient was lost to follow-up after one month. Although the number of patients studied was small, there was a strong correlation between degree of mesangial-cell proliferation and failure of primary treatment. As concepts of the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children continue to evolve, the mesangioproliferative lesion should be recognized and marked for further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Epithelial foot-process effacement in patients with proteinuria.

In an effort to determine the pattern of foot-process effacement or "fusion" in proteinuria, quantitative measurements were performed on human tissue from patients with urinary protein excretion exceeding 0.5 g/d. Serial electronmicrographs were analyzed and the results related to both quantitative urinary protein and underlying disease. Although foot-process effacement was widespread, it was never universal. Some portions of glomeruli were morphologically normal in every case. The proportion of effaced foot processes did not vary directly with the level of urinary protein. With the possible exception of focal glomerulosclerosis, the primary disease did not appear to influence the amount of effacement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of N-n-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancer in rats by administration of disulfiram in the diet.

The objective of this study was to determine if disulfiram would influence the induction of urinary bladder cancer in rats given N-n-butyl-N(4-hydroxybuty)nitrosamine (BHBN). Adult male Wistar rats were divided into: Group 1, control diet, 30 rats; Group 2, control diet plus 0.025% BHBN in the drinking water, 60 rats; Group 3, control diet containing 0.5% disulfiram, 30 rats; and Group 4, control diet containing 0.5% disulfiram plus 0.025% BHBN in the drinking water, 60 rats. The animals were kept on these regimens for 15 weeks and then were transferred to and maintained on control diet. The average total intake of BHBN was 1.21 g/rat for Group 2 and 1.23 g/rat for Group 4. The cumulative incidences of bladder cancer at 25 weeks after initial exposure to BHBN were: Group 1, 0 of 9; Group 2, 27 of 27; Group 3, 0 of 9; and Group 4, 0 of 27. At termination of the experiment (32 to 42 weeks), the final bladder cancer incidences were: Group 1, 0 of 30 (0%); Group 2, 57 of 57 ()00%); Group 3, 0 of 24 (0%); and Group 4, 7 of 55 (13%). Except for a carcinoma of the renal pelvis in one rat in Group 2 and the bladder tumors in Groups 2 and 4, tumors were not detected in other organs of any of these rats. It was concluded that disulfiram significantly inhibited the induction of bladder cancer in rats exposed to BHBN. The mechanism of action of disulfiram in this process is under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ultrastructural changes in gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

Although described in laboratory animals, the ultrastructural changes in the kidneys of humans with gentamicin-induced acute renal failure have not been well documented. This report details the clinical and pathologic features of a patient with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity with special emphasis on the electron microscopic findings.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

The clinical value of urinary carcinoembryonic antigen-like substances in urothelial cancer.

Although there is a positive correlation between the concentration of urinary carcinoembryonic antigen-like substances and urothelial cancer the clinical value of this association is in doubt. Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen values have been determined in large numbers of specimens from patients with a variety of urologic diseases but most studies have recorded only single measurements at the time of diagnosis. We examined the role of carcinoembryonic antigen in urothelial malignancies by comparing serial carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytologic and histologic analyses done on simultaneously collected urine and tissue specimens. We were particularly interested in the value of carcinoembryonic antigen as a diagnostic adjunct to cytology in low grade carcinoma and dysplasia, and the role of serial measurements of this substance in followup. The results of 102 analyses in 48 patients during a 15-month period indicate that urinary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements have little value in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, are of limited usefulness in combination with cytologic studies and are poorly correlated with simultaneously determined cytologic and histologic findings. Although the initial results were not promising serial measurements may be useful in followup.

Aged↗