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Biomedical subjects

W Lange

Publications and source records attributed to W Lange.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Depression of chemiluminescence response in mouse spleen cells by infective and inactivated influenza virus.

The effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after exposure to influenza viruses was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Infectious influenza A and B viruses considerably depressed the zymosan-induced CL response of the cells. Commercially available trivalent influenza virus vaccines also depressed CL activity. The whole-virus vaccine induced the greatest inhibition of the CL response, followed by the subunit and the split-virus vaccines. Virus-induced depression of CL was observed in the unseparated and in the granulocyte-enriched populations but no apparent effect was found in the lymphocyte-enriched populations. Prior sensitization of mice with representative, inactivated prototype strains of human influenza A and B viruses depressed the moderate CL induced by infectious influenza viruses. These results indicate that both infectious and inactivated influenza viruses impair the generation of the respiratory burst.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunizing efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different hosts.

Studies were carried out to determine the fate of virulent Toxoplasma gondii challenge in immune animals. Toxoplasma strains isolated from human, swine, rabbit and cat hosts were used for the primary immunization of mice. Brains were removed at various intervals after the challenge and subinoculated into normal mice. Prior immunization with one of the nine toxoplasma strains enabled the mice either to eliminate or harbour the challenge organisms without loss of virulence. The outcome of challenge infection was dependent on the parasite strain used for the immunization and the time interval between challenge and subinoculation. Mice immunized with strain KSU isolated from a cat eliminated repeatedly administered challenge from 80% of animals. Strain S 162 isolated from a swine eliminated similar challenge from only 20% of animals. The results indicate that the extent of protection against virulent T. gondii can vary widely and is related to the immunogenicity of the original immunizing strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Chemiluminescence response of peritoneal exudate cells from mice infected with virulent and avirulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii.

The zymosan-triggered chemiluminescence response of peritoneal exudate cells from mice infected with relatively virulent or avirulent Toxoplasma gondii strains was examined at various intervals after infection. Toxoplasma infections increased the background chemiluminescence compared with controls, but higher values were attained earlier in virulent than avirulent infection. A phase of transient unresponsiveness to zymosan was observed with both types of toxoplasma strains. Chemiluminescence continued to decline even after the addition of zymosan on day 3 of infection with the virulent strain but only on day 10 with the avirulent strain. Generation of chemiluminescence was enhanced in mice which had been infected with either strain for 1 month.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of chemiluminescence and resistance against aerogenic influenza virus infection by synthetic muramyl dipeptide combined with trehalose dimycolate.

The effect on respiratory burst of splenic cells from mice pretreated with oil-in-water emulsions of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), or the combination of MDP with TDM was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in response to stimulation by zymosan. Spleen cells from mice pretreated with TDM, but not those of mice treated with MDP, generated increased chemiluminescence. Spleen cells from animals pretreated with the combination of MDP and TDM exhibited markedly enhanced chemiluminescence activity. The effect of enhanced activity of preparations containing MDP combined with TDM was further examined in vivo by an aerosol infection of pretreated mice with a mouse-pathogenic influenza virus. Pretreatment with 6-O-acyl analogs and one ubiquinone derivative of MDP alone did not induce any resistance against influenza virus. Significant protection was conferred only when MDP and certain analogs were combined with TDM. The enhancement of nonspecific resistance to influenza virus infection was related to the chemical structure of the synthetic immunostimulant. A greater degree of protection was induced by the combination of TDM with the lipophilic derivatives like B 30-MDP and L-18 MDP.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

Protective effect of muramyl dipeptide analogs in combination with trehalose dimycolate against aerogenic influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in mice.

The effects of two aminobutyryl and four seryl analogs of the synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) against aerosol infections with influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied. Regardless of the MDP analog employed, there was no evidence that the resistance against viral and bacterial aerosol infections was enhanced in the treated mice. In parallel studies, significant protection against influenza virus and M. tuberculosis infections was induced by the combination of MDP or analogs with the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose dimycolate (TDM). Resistance conferred by the MDP + TDM combination against influenza virus was present 1 week after pretreatment and could be abrogated by macrophage inhibitory agents silica, dextran sulfate, and carrageenan. Splenic cells from MDP + TDM-pretreated animals generated markedly enhanced levels of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in response to influenza A and B viruses.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

Purification of a protein (60K/58K) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus-induced early antigen complex in Raji cells.

A double antibody sandwich ELISA has been established for the detection and quantitation of EBV-associated early antigens (EA) in IUdR-induced Raji cells. The EA complex extracted from Raji cells could be separated by ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing into several components. One EA-associated subspecificity has been purified by DEAE-, CM-, and Blue-Sepharose chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing. The isolated protein has an apparent molecular weight of 240,000 +/- 20,000 daltons under non-dissociating conditions on Sephacryl S-300, an isoelectric point of 4.5, and seems to be composed of two polypeptides of 60,000 and 58,000 daltons as shown by SDS-gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Preliminary data indicate that the 58,000 polypeptide is generated by limited proteolysis of the 60,000 polypeptide. The EA activity of the isolated protein has been confirmed by the double antibody sandwich ELISA and its reactivity with anti-EA-positive sera in an ELISA for the detection of anti-EA antibodies.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Effects of mycobacterial fractions and muramyl dipeptide on the resistance of mice to aerogenic influenza virus infection.

The nonspecific protective effect in mice of pre-exposure to mycobacterial components and muramyl dipeptide three weeks before aerosol infection with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) was studied. Muramyl dipeptide, when combined with trehalose dimycolate and emulsified in an oil-in-water emulsion, conferred complete protection comparable to specific immunization with a high dose of formalin inactivated A/PR/8/34 influenza viral vaccine. Animals pre-exposed to muramyl dipeptide plus trehalose dimycolate showed a marked reduction in lung virus titres, an earlier clearance of detectable infectious virus, and an earlier onset of antibody production in comparison to control mice. Resistance to infection was also observed with BCG-cell wall skeleton combined with trehalose dimycolate and trehalose dimycolate alone when given as oil-in-water preparations. The route of administration of nonspecific stimulants was crucial. Only intravenous but not intradermal inoculation produced significant protection.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

Stimulation of chemiluminescence by synthetic muramyl dipeptide and analogs.

The effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after in vitro exposure to synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and 6-O-acyl and quinonyl derivatives was studied at an early phase of interaction by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) in response to stimulation by zymosan. The MDP molecule enhanced CL, but the degree of CL response varied with the kinds of fatty acids introduced in the chemical structure of synthetic glycopeptide analogs. A 6-O-acyl derivative possessing an alpha-branched fatty acid chain, B30-MDP, stimulated maximum levels of CL activity. High CL responses were obtained with L8-MDP having a short chain of linear fatty acids and with QS-10-MDP-66 containing a ubiquinone compound. CL was also stimulated by MDP and its analogs in the spleen cells of nude mice lacking mature T lymphocytes, but the extent of stimulation was decreased compared with that of normal spleen cells.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

[Seroepidemiologic studies on hepatitis A infections in German and foreign children living in Berlin (West)].

The incidence of antibody to hepatitis A (anti-HAV) was studied in two populations living in Berlin (West): German children and children of parents, coming from Mediterranean countries, mainly from Turkey (77%). Sera of 366 German and 280 foreign children aged between 1 and 17 years were tested by a competitive binding radioimmunoassay (HAVAB). In the group of German children only 15 (4.1%) had anti-HAV, but there were 86 (30.7%) among the foreign children. In contrast to the results taken from German children the presence of anti-HAV in foreign children was significantly according to their age. The frequency of anti-HAV rose from 2.6% in children aged between 1 and 2 years to nearly 90% in children older than 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-associated early antigens and the viral capsid antigen.

The determination of serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens is of diagnostic and prognostic importance in the case of patients with EBV-associated tumors, ie, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and in infectious mononucleosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the detection of antibodies to EBV-associated early antigens (EA) and the viral-capsid antigen. The antibody titers obtained by the ELISA method correlate well with the antibody titers determined by the standard indirect immunofluorescence technique. An ELISA developed for the quantitation of early antigens in cell extracts was used to purify a protein of the EA complex. Interestingly, some of the high anti-EA titered sera, as determined by immunofluorescence, did not contain significant amounts of antibodies to this component detectable by the ELISA with immobilized partially purified protein. Anti-EA negative sera did not react with the isolated EA component.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

[Indication for and methods of sling operations (author's transl)].

Sling operations are considered to be highly dependable approaches to stress incontinence. While they used to reserved primarily for recurrent incontinence, in the past, today, they often are applied as primary approach, either alone or in conjunction with uterus extirpation. The reasons underlying such change are explained by the present and past distributions of operations for incontinence at the Gyneacological Hospital of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Indications can now be established with higher accuracy due to the availability of urometry. Urge incontinence or combined stress-urge incontinence with predominance of the urge component as well as assisted detrusor micturation are contra-indications. Useful information sometimes, may be derived from the presence of uninhibited detrusor contractions provoked by means of a Foley catheter. If at least some improvement is to be achieved of predominant stress incontinence, synthetic sling material should not be used. In the context of surgical peculiarities, neck is underlined for removing cystoceles and adjusting the sling to the bladder neck region. Diazepam, alpha-receptor blocker and/or cholinergics should be used to handle postoperative disorders of micturition. Postoperative urine flow studies are of limited value. Successful micturition without residual urine is the decisive criterion by which to measure the result of a sling approach. Sling operations should be confined to large well equipped and properly staffed hospitals for the diagnostic input involved, surgical peculiarities, and risk of postoperative disorders of micturition.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Demonstration of hepatitis Be-antigen and of antibodies against it (author's transl)].

Results of demonstrating HBe-antigen and anti-HBe antibodies by radioimmunoassay and by rheophoresis were compared. The former method was more sensitive by a factor of 500 in demonstrating HBe-antigen. Results were not reproducible in 1.14% of cases. Radioimmunoassay makes it possible to demonstrate HBe-antigen or anti-HBe in 90% of HBs-antigen containing sera from patients with hepatitis B or chronic liver damage, and in drug addicts or blood donours. With rheophoresis positive results were obtained in less than 10%. Early seroconversion from HBe-antigen to anti-HBe was demonstrated in patients with hepatitis B. Seroconversion was delayed in drug addicts. Persistence of HBe-antigen for 1-2 years was noted in some cases.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Motile cells in the mucosa of the cloacal urodaeum and proctodaeum of the hen. An electron microscopic study.

Motile cells (mast cells, granulocytes, lymphoid cells) are described in the mucosa of the cloacal urodaeum and proctodaeum of the female domestic fowl. Diffuse lymphoid tissue with lymphatic nodules occurs in the urodaeum at the ureteral ostium. Small local aggregations of lymphoid tissue can be observed in the mucosa of the proctodaeum. Cells originating from these sites penetrate the basal lamina of the epithelium and are then found between the epithelial cells. In the subepithelial layers the motile cells sometimes are in contact with each other. Mast cells (tissue basophils) form contact zones, resembling desmosomes or half desmosomes, with smooth muscle cells. In the mast cells three types of granules can be distinguished. Their ultrastructure is discussed in comparison with that in similar cells of the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the cloacal epithelia of the domestic fowl.

The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter--urodaeum; vagina--urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum--proctodaeum; proctodaeum--cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of influenza type-specific antibodies.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a purified ribonucleoprotein antigen is described for detection of type-specific anti-influenza virus antibodies. ELISA was found to be more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescent and complement fixation tests. A significant increase in antibody titer could be demonstrated by ELISA between serum specimens collected prior to and during the influenza season. ELISA appears to be useful for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of influenza infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗