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Biomedical subjects

W L Robson

Publications and source records attributed to W L Robson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Thumb sucking.

Malocclusion of the developing dentition, the major complication of thumb sucking, usually corrects spontaneously if thumb sucking ceases by six years of age. Thumb sucking in a child less than two years of age requires no treatment. In a three- to four-year-old child, thumb sucking may be secondary to changes in the child's emotional environment, and treatment should be directed at correcting the underlying problem. Thumb sucking that persists beyond the age of six years should be treated. Behavioral conditioning techniques, positive reinforcement and dental appliances are important aspects of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The successful treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with plasmapheresis.

A seven and a half-year-old boy presented with idiopathic atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). He initially appeared to respond to plasma infusions. When he became refractory to plasma infusion, plasmapheresis was initiated. The treatment with plasmapheresis dramatically reversed the deterioration in glomerular filtration rate and platelet count. The use of plasma infusion and plasmapheresis in HUS is discussed. The authors advise the use of plasmapheresis in idiopathic atypical HUS.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1991

Responses to reprint requests: form letters versus preprinted cards.

Nine hundred ninety-four reprint requests were made for almost all the original articles that appeared in five pediatric journals between August and October in 1985, 1986, and 1987. Half of the reprint requests were made with form letters and the other half with preprinted cards. A total of 636 (64%) reprints were received within 6 months of mailing the request. The return rates for reprints solicited by form letters and preprinted cards were 68% and 60%, respectively. The response to reprint requests was greater for more recent articles. The number of articles that came in the form of photocopies was directly proportional to the time interval between the publication and the reprint request. Forty-one requests (4.1%) were returned by the authors because their reprint supply was exhausted. Thirty-eight requests (3.8%) were returned undelivered. We conclude that letter requests solicit a slightly better response than card requests and that the response is greater for more recent articles.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Childhood obesity.

More effort should be invested in preventing obesity than is currently practiced, because prevention is much more successful than treatment, in either children or adults. Most obese children or adults. Most obese children have exogenous obesity, which is caused by increased caloric intake, reduced energy output, or overly efficient calorie utilization. These children are often tall for their age and have advanced bone age. Obesity in childhood is strongly associated with obesity in adulthood. The relationship between infantile obesity and obesity in childhood is less clear. Preventive measures in infants may include promotion of breastfeeding and delay in introduction of solid foods. Treatment in children includes abolition of junk foods and reduction in saturated fat in the diet and encouragement of regular physical exercise.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children. A serious hazard of undercooked beef.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is the leading cause of acute renal failure in childhood. Its incidence in North America is increasing. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most common infectious trigger and is spread by contaminated beef products as well as from person to person. Antibiotics or antidiarrheal medications should not be used in the treatment of E coli hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Mortality in children with the syndrome has fallen to less than 10% in North America, largely because of careful attention to nutrition, maintenance of a normal fluid and electrolyte balance, and careful monitoring. Education and emotional support of the family are important aspects of the treatment program.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Gastrointestinal manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome: recognition of pancreatitis.

A retrospective study of 76 children with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) who were admitted to the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary. Alberta between January 1982 and December 1988 was undertaken to explore the gastrointestinal manifestations of the syndrome. The children (mean age of 4.0 +/- 3.1 years) presented primarily during the summer months with a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (Hgb 94 +/- 26 g/L), thrombocytopenia (platelets 87 +/- 83 X 10(9)/L), and acute renal failure (oligoanuria with a BUN of 26 +/- 15 mmol/L, and a creatinine of 294 +/- 90 mumol/L). Forty-three children required dialysis for 10 +/- 17 days. The duration of hospitalization was 17 +/- 17 days. Four children died of complications attributable to HUS. The following symptoms and gastrointestinal manifestations of HUS were noted: fever (33%), vomiting (80%), abdominal discomfort/tenderness (59%), diarrhea (100%), hemorrhagic colitis (79%), rectal prolapse (13%), colonic stricture (3%), colonic perforation (1%), intussusception (1%), indirect hyperbilirubinemia (49%), and elevated hepatocellular enzymes (58%). Of the last 29 children studied, 19 (66%) had elevated levels of amylase and lipase in the presence of acute renal failure, and six (21%) had a marked elevation of lipase (more than four times normal) with additional supportive evidence of pancreatitis. The additional supportive evidence included persistent elevation of lipase after the resolution of acute renal failure in four children, a marked increment in lipase in association with abdominal pain and an abnormal ultrasound of the pancreas after the initiation of oral feeding in a fifth child, and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine necrosis at autopsy in a sixth child.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Palpebral fissure length. In Chinese newborn infants. Comparison with other ethnic groups.

The palpebral fissure length was measured in 60 normal Chinese term infants in the first 48 hours of life. The measurement of the palpebral fissure length was performed with a vernier caliper by placing it across the greatest horizontal axis of the eye from the medial to the lateral canthus. The head circumference was measured by placing a tape anteriorly just above the eyebrows and posteriorly at the maximum point of the occiput. There was no difference according to sex or between the measurements in the right and the left eye. The palpebral fissure length was 1.94 +/- 0.17 cm (mean +/- standard deviation (SD)) and the head circumference was 34.0 +/- 1.3 cm (mean +/- SD). These data suggest that Chinese neonates have a shorter palpebral fissure length than do black American neonates and a longer palpebral fissure length than do white American and Turkish neonates.

Asian People↗
PubMed1990

Stuttering.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Serum carotene concentrations in normal infants and children.

The blood of 444 healthy Canadian children (246 males and 198 females) aged 6 days to 18 years was analyzed to determine the concentration of serum carotene. The serum carotene concentration was very low in the first six months of life. In the first three months of life, breast fed infants had significantly higher serum carotene concentration than infants who were formula fed. Infants 7 to 12 months of age had the highest serum carotene concentration. The serum carotene concentration dropped off after the age of one year and remained low until two years of age. After two years of age, the serum carotene concentration showed a progressive and small rise until the age of six to seven years and then fell until the age of 14 to 18 years. The serum carotene concentration did not appear to vary according to the sex of the child except for infants 7 to 12 months of age. In infants 7 to 12 months of age, girls had a higher serum carotene concentration. The measurement of the serum carotene concentration is a simple screening test for fat malabsorption. Our study provides the normal range of serum carotene concentration for children of various age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nailbiting.

Nailbiting is a common oral habit in children and young adults. It is estimated that 28 to 33% of children between the ages of 7 to 10 years and 45% of adolescents are nailbiters. The etiologies suggested for nailbiting include stress, imitation of other family members, heredity, a transference from the thumb sucking habit, and poorly manicured nails. Nailbiting is usually confined to the fingernails and most nailbiters bite all 10 fingers equally rather than selectively. Complications of nailbiting include damage to the cuticles and nails, secondary bacterial infection and dental problems. Treatment should be directed at any precipitating causes of stress. Reminders should only be used with the consent of the child. Care of the nails and cuticles, behavioral modification techniques, positive reinforcement, and regular follow-up are important aspects of treatment. Nailbiting, or onychophagia, is defined as the habit of biting one's nails and is a common oral habit in children and young adults. Nailbiting is embarrassing, unattractive, socially undesirable, and can predispose to the development of paronychia. Physicians are frequently consulted about nailbiting but not withstanding the prevalence of the problem, there is a surprising lack of literature on nailbiting. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the problem and to suggest appropriate approaches to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Children of divorce.

Divorce is a stressful experience for children. The disruption of the home is associated with significant emotional, financial, and social costs. Children often react to divorce with emotional responses typically associated with death. Divorce may be perceived as the death of an established family unit. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance are often part of the emotional evolution of a child experiencing the divorce of the parents. The grieving process may last months or years and in some children may never end. The exact nature of the response is influenced by the age and the developmental level of the child. Most children are able to overcome the initial trauma of parental divorce and resume normal development and function. Some children, however, experience severe depression or anxiety and are left with an emotional scar for the rest of their lives. The adverse impact of a divorce can be minimised by a realistic and sensitive understanding of the effects on children. Parents can help at the time of divorce by preparing their children for what is about to happen. The preparation should be appropriate for the age and the developmental level of the child. Parents should demonstrate a strong commitment to their children. Children cope better with divorce if the parents co-operate with each other and adopt an attitude of 'together for our child while separate for us.'

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Swimming and ear infection.

Surface swimming in fresh or ocean water is not contraindicated in children with otitis media or in children with tympanostomy tubes. Diving should be prohibited in children with acute or chronic otitis media or in children with tympanostomy tubes. Hot tub water, bath water, chlorinated water, or water from stagnant ponds may pose a risk for either otitis media or otitis externa.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Genital edema in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Genital edema is a recognized complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in adults. Two children who developed genital edema while on CAPD are reported. The edema developed in both children as a consequence of a peritoneal leak in the inguinal region. A computerized tomogram (CT) scan of the abdomen is an excellent method to identify the site of the peritoneal leak. The literature is reviewed and the pathophysiology of the development of genital swelling and edema is discussed.

Adolescent↗