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Biomedical subjects

W L Robson

Publications and source records attributed to W L Robson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The use of intravenous gammaglobulin in the treatment of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Nine children with acute typical post-diarrhea hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were treated with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG). These children were compared to nine children with HUS who did not receive IVIG. The use of IVIG did not appear to have a beneficial effect on eight of the nine treated children. There were no significant differences found in the duration of hemorrhagic colitis, thrombocytopenia, elevation of the white blood count (WBC), anuria, dialysis, or hospitalization, or the presence of a central nervous system complication or pancreatitis. Although no significant difference was found in the duration of thrombocytopenia, there was a trend towards a longer duration of thrombocytopenia in children treated with IVIG (P = 0.13). One child demonstrated both an increase in her platelet count and a decrease in her WBC count within 24 h of receiving her first dose of IVIG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Febrile convulsions. How dangerous are they?

Febrile convulsions affect about 1 child in 30. Most of these children have a good outcome with no sequelae and do not require prophylactic medication. Differential diagnosis should include meningitis, epilepsy, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathies and other central nervous system disorders. Children with a high risk for recurrence of seizures may benefit from continuous anticonvulsant prophylaxis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Bruxism. How to stop tooth grinding and clenching.

Bruxism is an oral habit that is usually due to psychological stress or occlusal discrepancy. It occurs more often in children than adults. Damage to the teeth caused by bruxism is irreversible. However, the underlying cause should be treated in order to avoid further dental and periodontal problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sibling rivalry.

Rivalry occurs between most, if not all, siblings to a varying degree. Rivalry may be manifested as a verbal or physical attack, frustration, persistent demands for attention, or as regressive phenomena. When handled properly, healthy competition among siblings will lead to the acquisition of social, interpersonal and cognitive skills that are important to the development of the child. Mismanagement of the competition may lead to psychological problems later in life. The appropriate spacing of children and the preparation of existing children for a new sibling help to reduce sibling rivalry. Family situations that will potentially lead to jealousy should be avoided. Parents should not make comparisons between siblings and favoritism should be avoided. When episodes of sibling rivalry develop, the cause rather than the manifestation of the rivalry should be treated. Patience, love, understanding, common sense, and humor are important parental skills necessary to minimize sibling rivalry.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Polyuria in childhood.

Polyuria may result from either a water or a solute diuresis. Although the history and physical examination may provide clues to the cause of the polyuria, the definitive diagnosis requires laboratory tests which focus on the osmolality of the urine and serum in combination with the urine volume and the rate of excretion of osmoles. An isoosmolar or hyperosmolar urine is found in children with a solute diuresis or in normal children, whereas a hypoosmolar urine is found in children with a water diuresis. In the latter case, a low serum osmolality suggests primary polydipsia whereas a high serum osmolality suggests antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency or insensitivity. A water deprivation test is necessary when the initial evaluation fails to establish the cause of polyuria. A vasopressin test enables the differentiation between neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).

Child↗
PubMed1991

Acne.

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Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

Congenital urinary abnormalities and neural tube defects.

The records of 178 children with a neural tube defect were reviewed to determine the pattern of associated congenital urinary malformation. Ten (6%) of the children had a significant congenital urinary malformation. Although unilateral renal agenesis was the most common single congenital urinary abnormality, as a group, abnormalities in fusion or migration were equally common in this study and more common in several previously reported studies. Lower congenital urinary tract abnormalities were also identified but were less common. No correlation was found between the level of the neural tube defect and the specific congenital urinary abnormality.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Causes of death in hemolytic uremic syndrome.

One hundred and four children developed typical post-diarrhea hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS) over an 11-year period. Four of the children died in the acute stage. Two of the children died from a central nervous system complication which was attributable to the HUS process. One child died suddenly without any explanation. The 4th child died following a cardiovascular collapse, perhaps related to septic shock. The literature on the causes of death in children with HUS is reviewed.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1991

Anergy and AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Advising parents on toilet training.

Toilet training is a potential source of anxiety for parents and children. The proper approach to toilet training involves an assessment of the readiness of both the child and the parents. Parents should have a realistic idea of the chances of success, and they must be patient and supportive. The majority of children are completely toilet trained by two and one-half years of age. Physicians should initiate discussions about toilet training with parents when a child is 12 to 18 months of age.

Child, Preschool↗