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Biomedical subjects

W King

Publications and source records attributed to W King.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The traumatized scrotum. Ultrasound evaluation.

Testicular salvage rates are improved markedly when surgical correction of a ruptured tunica albuginea is performed within 72 hours after a scrotal injury. The authors studied 11 patients who had suffered various types of blunt or penetrating trauma to the scrotum. The importance of ultrasound for the evaluation of the traumatized scrotum and detection of a testicular rupture is stressed. The spectrum of abnormalities that may be present after a scrotal injury is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Gray scale of ultrasound instruments: evaluation using a test object.

B-mode scans of castor oil in a wedge-shaped container provide gray level maps. The relation between the gray levels and the amounts of absorbing medium can be used to measure the effects of electronic gain, transducer characteristics, and the overall gray level performance of different ultrasound systems. We report results from four units and ten transducers for varying scanning depths.

Castor Oil↗
PubMed1983

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening for the detection of neural tube defects.

We tested 10,715 low-risk pregnancies in a voluntary maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening program for the detection of neural tube defects in California. In all, 5.3 percent of women had one elevated serum level, 3.3 percent were referred for sonography and 1.5 percent for amniocentesis. There were 12 cases of open neural tube defects (1.1 per 1,000); all of the mothers had one elevated serum alphafetoprotein level: nine (75 percent) completed the protocol and the neural tube defects were correctly identified. No normal pregnancies were terminated. The risk of an open neural tube defect occurring was about 1 in 50 after the first abnormal serum level and 1 in 15 at amniocentesis. We found significantly increased risk for fetal death and low birth weight after one elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level, though the likelihood of a normal pregnancy outcome was about 80 percent. Maternal serum screening was also useful in identifying twin pregnancies and correcting underestimated gestational dates.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1983

The ultrasound diagnosis of testicular leukemia.

The sonographic findings present in three surgically-proven cases of testicular leukemic infiltration are discussed. The diagnosis is strongly suggested when an enlarged testis with focal or diffuse internal sonolucency is encountered in the leukemic patient in bone marrow remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The biology and chemistry of Epstein-Barr virus.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the human prototype of a family of closely related herpesviruses of Old World primates. These agents probably evolved and spread among the Old World primates since the divergence of apes from monkeys about 30 million years ago. Although the DNAs of the EBV family have no sequence homology to other herpesviruses, there are some features in common with other herpesviral genomes. EBV DNA is unusual in having five tandem direct repeat elements which divide the genome into five unique sequence domains. The tandem direct repeats at the ends of the linear virion DNA probably mediate circularization of the viral DNA to form the circular episomal viral DNA which is characteristic of EBV-infected cells. In latent transforming infection, messenger RNAs are encoded by three widely separate regions of the EBV genome. The remainder of the viral genome encodes many RNAs and proteins which are expressed in productive infection. Early and late viral genes are intermixed along the full length of EBV DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Epstein-Barr virus DNA XII. A variable region of the Epstein-Barr virus genome is included in the P3HR-1 deletion.

The P3HR-1 subclone of Jijoye differs from Jijoye and from other Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cell lines in that the virus produced by P3HR-1 cultures lacks the ability to growth-transform normal B lymphocytes (Heston et al., Nature (London) 295:160-163, 1982; Miller et al., J. Virol. 18:1071-1080, 1976; Miller et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:4006-4010, 1974; Ragona et al., Virology 101:553-557, 1980). The P3HR-1 virus was known to be deleted for a region which encodes RNA in latently infected, growth-transformed cells (Bornkamm et al., J. Virol. 35:603-618, 1980; Heller et al., J. Virol. 38:632-648, 1981; King et al., J. Virol. 36:506-518, 1980; Raab-Traub et al., J. Virol. 27:388-398, 1978; van Santen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1930-1934, 1980). This deletion is now more precisely defined. The P3HR-1 genome contains less than 170 base pairs (and possibly none) of the 3,300-base pair U2 region of EBV DNA and is also lacking IR2 (a 123-base pair repeat which is the right boundary of U2). A surprising finding is that EBV isolates vary in part of the U2 region. Two transforming EB viruses, AG876 and Jijoye, are deleted for part of the U2 region including most or all of a fragment, HinfI-c, which encodes part of one of the three more abundant cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNAs of growth-transformed cells (King et al., J. Virol. 36:506-518, 1980; King et al., J. Virol. 38:649-660, 1981; van Santen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1930-1934).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between frequency of pilocarpine administration and salivary IgA level.

The effect of repetitive administration of pilocarpine nitrate on the salivary volume and salivary IgA concentration was studied in the NIH white hamster. One and one-half to three-fold increases in salivary volume, coupled with decreases of 1/3 to 2/3 in IgA concentration, occurred as the frequency of administration of pilocarpine increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Epstein-Barr virus RNA. VI. Viral RNA in restringently and abortively infected Raji cells.

Nuclear and polyadenylated RNA fractions of Raji cells are encoded by larger fractions of Epstein-Barr virus DNA (35 and 18%, respectively) than encode polyribosomal RNA (10%). Polyribosomal RNA is encoded by DNA mapping at 0.05 X 10(8) to 0.29 X 10(8), 0.63 X 10(8) to 0.66 X 10(8), and 1.10 X 10(8) to 0.03 X 10(8) daltons. An abundant, small (160-base), non-polyadenylated RNA encoded by EcoRI fragment J (0.05 X 10(8) to 0.07 X 10(8) daltons) is also present in the cytoplasm of Raji cells. After induction of early antigen in Raji cells, there was a substantial increase in the complexity of viral polyadenylated and polyribosomal RNAs. Thus, nuclear RNA was encoded by 40% of Epstein-Barr virus DNA, and polyadenylated and polyribosomal RNAs were encoded by at least 30% of Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Polyribosomal RNA from induced Raji cells was encoded by Epstein-Barr virus DNAs mapping at 0.05 X 10(8) to 0.29 X 10(8), 0.63 X 10(8) to 0.66 X 10(8), and 1.10 X 10(8) to 0.03 X 10(8) daltons and also by DNAs mapping within the long unique regions of Epstein-Barr virus DNA at 0.39 X 10(8) to 0.49 X 10(8), 0.51 X 10(8) to 0.59 X 10(8), 0.66 X 10(8) to 0.77 X 10(8), and 1.02 X 10(8) to 1.05 X 10(8) daltons.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1980

Epstein-Barr virus (B95-8) DNA VII: molecular cloning and detailed mapping.

Two of the Sal I fragments and all of the internal BamHI fragments (with the exception of BamHI c, a 0.6 x 10(6) dalton fragment) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA have been cloned in pBR322. The termini and other parts of the DNA (including the EcoRI fragment which contains BamHI c) have been cloned as EcoRI fragments in bacteriophage Charon 4A. The cloned DNAs have been used to derive a complete map of the BamHI fragments of EBV DNA and to align the BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, and SalI cleavage sites in EBV DNA.

Bacteriocin Plasmids↗
PubMed1980

Epstein-Barr virus RNA. V. Viral RNA in a restringently infected, growth-transformed cell line.

A continuous lymphoblastoid cell line, IB-4, was established by infection and growth transformation of normal neonatal B lymphocytes with the B95-8 isolate of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The IB-4 cells contained the intranuclear antigen, EBNA, but not early antigen, EA. The fragments produced by the digestion of intracellular episomal viral DNA (density, 1.700 to 1.720 g/cm3) with EcoRI restriction endonuclease were identical in size to the A, B, C, E, F, G, and H fragments of virion DNA. As expected from the previous observation that episomal intracellular DNA is circular, the fragment containing the rightward terminal sequences of EBV DNA in IB-4 cells was larger than the corresponding fragment of linear viral DNA, probably as a consequence of covalent linkage to the leftward terminal fragment. Also, two fragments, EcoRI-I and -J, which were adjacent to each other in the virion DNA, were absent from the intracellular DNA. The labeled EcoRI-J of viral DNA hybridized instead to a new fragment equal in size to EcoRI-I and -J combined. Analysis of viral RNA in IB-4 cells showed that RNAs encoded by more than 30% of the viral DNA comprised approximately 0.06% of the nuclear RNA, whereas RNAs encoded by 20% and 10% of the viral DNA comprised approximately 0.06% and 0.003% of the polyadenylated and polyribosomal RNAs, respectively. Viral mRNA (polyribosomal RNA) was encoded by DNA which mapped at 0.05 x 10(8) to 0.36 x 10(8) daltons and to a lesser extent by DNAs which mapped at 0.62 x 10(8) to 0.67 x 10(8), 0.70 x 10(8) to 0.73 x 10(8), and 1.13 x 10(8) to 1.15 x 10(8) daltons in the B95-8 genome. The most agundant nuclear viral RNAs were encoded primarily by DNA which mapped at the same loci; but RNAs encoded by many other fragments of viral DNA could also be detected among nuclear RNAs. Viral mRNA(s) (polyribosomal) was encoded by about 40% of the internal reiteration and by 25% of the BamHI-H fragments which mapped from 0.32 x 10(8) to 0.36 x 10(8) daltons, nuclear RNAs were encoded by at least 57% of the internal reiteration and 40% of BamHI-H. These data indicate that there is selective accumulation of some viral RNAs within the nucleus of IB-4 cells and that there is selective post-transcriptional processing of these RNAs. Finer mapping of the DNA which encodes mRNA (polyribosomal) in IB-4 cells indicated that some of this DNA is deleted in the DNA of the P3 HR-1 virus, the only isolate of EBV which cannot initiate growth transformation. These data, therefore, support the hypothesis that expression of this region of EBV genome is important for growth transformation or for the maintenance of restrigent infection.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Epstein-Barr virus-specific RNA. III. Mapping of DNA encoding viral RNA in restringent infection.

Namalwa and Raji cells, originally obtained from a Burkitt tumor biopsy, grow as continuous cell lines in vitro and contain the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related nuclear antigen EBNA (B. M. Reedman and G. Klein, Int. J. Cancer 11:499-520, 1973) and RNA homologous to at least 17 and 30% of the EBV genome, respectively (S. D. Hayward and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 18:518-525, 1976; T. Orellana and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 22:321-330, 1977). The polyribosomal and polyadenylated [poly(A)+] RNA fractions of Namalwa and Raji cells are enriched for a class of viral RNA homologous to 5 to 7% of EBV DNA (Hayward and Kieff, J. Virol. 18:518-525, 1976; Orellana and Kieff, J. Virol. 22:321-330, 1977). The objective of the experiments described in this communication was to determine the location within the map of the EBV genome (D. Given and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 28:524-542, 1978) of the DNA which encodes the viral RNA in the poly(A)+ and non-polyadenylated [poly(A)-] RNA fractions of Namalwa cells. Hybridization of labeled DNA homologous to Namalwa poly(A)+ or poly(A)- RNA to blots containing EcoRI, Hsu I, or Hsu I/EcoRI double-cut fragments of EBV (B95-8) or (W91) DNA indicated that these RNAs are encoded by DNA contained primarily in the Hsu I A/EcoRI A and Hsu I B/EcoRI A fragments and, to a lesser extent, in other fragments of the EBV genome. Hybridizations of Namalwa poly(A)+ and poly(A)- RNA in solution to denatured labeled EcoRI A or B fragments, Hsu I A, B, or D fragments, and Hsu I A/EcoRI A or Bam I S fragments and of Raji polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA to the EcoRI A fragment indicated that (i) Namalwa poly(A)+ RNA is encoded primarily by 6 x 10(5) daltons of a 2 x 10(6)-dalton segment of DNA, Bam I S, which is tandemly reiterated, approximately 10 times, in the Hsu I A/EcoRI A fragment and is encoded to a lesser extent by DNA in the Hsu I B, EcoRI B, and Hsu I D fragments. Raji polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA is encoded by a similar fraction of the EcoRI A fragment as that which encodes Namalwa poly(A)+ RNA. (ii) The fraction of the Bam I S fragment homologous to Namalwa poly(A)- RNA is similar to the fraction homologous to Namalwa poly(A)+ RNA. However, Namalwa poly(A)- RNA is homologous to a larger fraction of the DNA in the Hsu I B, Hsu I D, and EcoRI B fragments.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1978

Mapping of putative transforming sequences of EBV DNA.

The linkage of restriction enzyme fragments of DNA of the B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus has been determined. Two approaches are being employed to define which EBV DNA sequences are needed to initiate and maintain the transformation of lymphocytes to lymphoblasts capable of long-term growth in culture. The first approach is to determine the differences between the DNA of strains of EBV which possess transforming capacity and the DNA of the HR-1 strain which cannot transform. The data indicate that EBV (HR-1) DNA lacks approximately 2--3 x 10(6) daltons of DNA contained largely in the HsuI B and EcoRI (J-K) and A fragments of EBV (B95-8) DNA and in the EcoRI A and HsuI B fragment of the W91 strain. The DNA common to HsuI B and EcoRI A fragments lies between 27 and 42 x 10(6) daltons from the HsuI A end of the molecule. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that the inability of the HR-1 strain to transform is due to the absence of DNA needed for transformation. The second approach is to identify and map the DNA encoding polyadenylated viral RNA in cultures of restringently infected cells which contain the EBNA antigen and show no evidence of abortive or productive infection. Previous data indicated that viral RNA species encoded by 5% of the viral DNA are adenylated and identified in the polyribosomes of restringently infected cells. The data indicate that these RNAs are encoded primarily by the HsuI A (and to a lesser extent, B) fragment of EBV (B95-8) DNA. This would place the DNA encoding the viral RNA processed in restrigently infected cells adjacent to and possibly overlapping the small DNA segment deleted from the DNA of the non-transforming HR-1 strain.

Base Sequence↗