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Biomedical subjects

W King

Publications and source records attributed to W King.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Murine Hox-1.7 homeo-box gene: cloning, chromosomal location, and expression.

A new murine homeo-box, called Hox-1.7, has been identified in a rare cDNA from F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. The Hox-1.7 homeo-box is 68 and 72% homologous to the Drosophila antennapedia (Antp) and iab-7 homeo-boxes, respectively. A major 2.5-kilobase transcript and several minor transcripts were detected by Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis in adult tissues as well as in midgestational embryos. The posterior spinal cord was found to be a major site of Hox-1.7 expression in 12.5-day-old embryos. Somatic cell hybrids were used to map the Hox-1.7 gene to mouse chromosome 6. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with either the Hox-1.7 gene or the previously known Hox-1 complex were identified. Their distribution patterns in recombinant inbred mouse strains were used to determine the linkage between the two loci as well as to other loci on chromosome 6. This maps Hox-1 and Hox-1.7 close to two mouse loci that affect morphogenesis, postaxial hemimelia (px) and hypodactyly (Hd).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Automated and hand-held breast US: effect on patient management.

Breast ultrasound (US) was performed, with either an automated or a hand-held unit or both, on 1,212 patients. Of 612 asymptomatic patients, 118 (19.3%) had solitary cysts; ten (1.6%), multiple cysts; and 29 (4.7%), benign masses; however, US depicted only one (0.2%) nonpalpable mammographically undetected carcinoma. In 513 patients with palpable masses (n = 396) and with mammographically detected masses (n = 117), US was useful in avoiding an unnecessary biopsy in 113 (22.0%), leading to aspiration of a cyst in 26 (5.1%), monitoring multiple cysts in 31 (6.0%), avoiding aspiration of a solid mass in 65 (12.7%), supporting biopsy of an equivocal solid mass in 91 (17.7%), and demonstrating a nonpalpable mammographically detected carcinoma in six (1.2%). In 224 patients with either palpable or mammographically visible masses who underwent both methods of US, the 4.5-MHz or 3.9-MHz automated unit depicted the abnormality in 119 (53.1%) and the 7.5-MHz hand-held unit, in 171 (76.3%). Of 18 cancers evaluated with both methods, all were detected with the hand-held unit and only 12 were seen with the automated unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced expression of Harvey-ras oncogene in FANFT-induced transitional cell carcinoma.

The level of mRNA expression and DNA structure of c-H-ras were examined in a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) induced in C3H/He mice and Fisher rats by N-(4,5-nitro-2-furylthiazolyl)formamide (FANFT) and carried as serially transplanted tumors. Neither amplification nor gross rearrangements were detected by Southern analysis in the FANFT tumor. Increased expression of c-H-ras was detected by Northern and in situ hybridization in both the FANFT-induced mouse and rat TCC, as compared to normal urothelium. No expression of six other cellular oncogenes was detected in the tumor. It appears that the increase in H-ras expression in the FANFT tumor is specific to this oncogene and that increased expression of the H-ras gene may play a role in bladder carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cryolumpectomy for carcinoma of the breast.

Cryosurgery and surgical en bloc excision in preventing the local recurrence of mammary adenocarcinoma were studied in BALB/cfC3H (supplied by the Cancer Research Institute, University of California Berkeley) syngeneic mice carrying virus induced mammary adenocarcinomas transplanted into the fourth mammary fat pad. Cryosurgical procedures involving multiple freeze-thaw cycles to minus 180 degrees C. followed by tumor excision substantially reduced the local recurrence rate of carcinoma of the mammary gland in the mouse. The use of cryolumpectomy in the treatment of early carcinoma of the breast in humans is presented herein.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Percutaneous aspiration of peripancreatic fluid collections: a safe method to detect infection.

During the past 5 years, we have used percutaneous aspiration of peripancreatic fluid collections guided by computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US) to facilitate diagnosis of infection in selected cases. Fifteen of 18 patients undergoing guided needle aspiration had persistent fevers (greater than 38.3 degrees C). The three afebrile patients all had abdominal pain and leukocytosis, and two of the three also had elevated serum amylase levels. Percutaneous aspiration was guided by CT in 14 patients and by US in four. On the basis of aspirate Gram stains and cultures, as well as surgical (15) and percutaneous drainage (1) findings, the final diagnosis was pancreatic abscess in nine patients, infected pseudocyst in four, uninfected pseudocyst in four, and cystadenoma in one. Diagnosis based on percutaneous aspiration was correct in 17 of 18 patients (94%), and no complications could be directly attributed to the procedure. We conclude that CT- or US-guided percutaneous aspiration is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for patients with peripancreatic fluid collections in whom secondary infection is suspected.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Pancreaticojejunostomy after Whipple's operation--in vivo evaluation of long-term patency: a preliminary report.

Evaluation of the patency of the pancreaticojejunostomy was conducted in four patients who had undergone Whipple's procedure. Three patients had a mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis, and in one patient the pancreatic remnant had been invaginated into the jejunal loop. The longest interval between the operation and the present study was 9.7 years. After intravenous infusion of secretin (1 microgram/kg), the temporal changes in the pancreatic ductal caliber were measured by means of either ultrasonography (two patients) or computed tomography (two patients). The presence of adequate functional pancreatic tissue was assumed in all four patients on the basis of their clinical status and the normal ductal caliber before the secretin provocation. In two patients, the ductal system showed an initial dilatation following secretin administration and then gradually emptied. There were no changes of the Wirsung duct in the other two patients. These data suggest that the pancreaticojejunal anastomoses were patent in all four patients but had different degrees of stenosis. The present method allows a safe and noninvasive evaluation of the anastomosis in vivo. Since long-term patency of the pancreaticojejunostomy is feasible, it should be attempted whenever possible in patients undergoing Whipple's procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Computerized chest tomography in asbestos workers suspected of having pleural disease.

Forty-five computerized tomographic (CT) chest studies were performed on workers suspected of having pleural disease after being exposed to asbestos material. Ten of the 45 reviewed were court cases, and 32 workers acutely exposed at University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) were studied with routine four views of the chest. CT confirmed the initial interpretation of chest films obtained at UCLA.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic hemangiomas: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and technetium-99m red blood cell scintigraphy.

A study was performed to evaluate and compare the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide blood-pool scanning in the detection of hepatic hemangiomas. All patients had known hemangiomas which were first detected on either ultrasound or computed tomography. Sixteen patients with a total of 23 lesions were investigated. Eleven patients had both MRI and blood-pool scans performed. In the group studied by both modalities, 18 lesions were detected ranging in size from 1 to 11 cm. All lesions were detected by both techniques. However, two of the 18 lesions had an atypical appearance on MRI. Our experience to date indicates that the anatomic location and specific diagnosis of hemangiomas can be made with a high degree of certainty when both MRI and blood-pool scanning techniques are utilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Calibration of automated water-path breast ultrasound scanners.

Simple calibration procedures that can be performed by a technologist for Ausonics, Labsonics, and Technicare automated water-path breast scanners are described. These procedures can be applied to each unit to test transducer resolution, slice thickness, and sensitivity. Quality control has ensured consistent and reliable operation of these units and has helped technologists to describe specific problems to service engineers.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Insertion mutagenesis of embryonal carcinoma cells by retroviruses.

Mutagenesis was studied in cultured F9 embryonal carcinoma cells infected with a variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Proviral insertion induced the inactivation of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus, and the virus was used to isolate the mutated genes rapidly. Mutagenesis by these methods may be useful for the genetic dissection of the various mammalian cell phenotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Construction and recovery of viable retroviral genomes carrying a bacterial suppressor transfer RNA gene.

The integration of retroviral genomes into cellular DNA can induce mutations by altering the expression of nearby cellular genes and can serve to identify the gene affected. The construction of a retrovirus that stably carries a suppressor transfer RNA gene from Escherichia coli has allowed facile recovery of the viral genome in vectors marked with amber mutations. This virus can be used for rapid isolation of cellular sequences at the site of proviral insertion.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Cryolumpectomy for breast cancer: an experimental study.

The effects of cryosurgical procedures and surgical excision in preventing the local recurrence of mammary adenocarcinoma were studied in BALB/cfC3H mice carrying syngeneic, virus-induced mammary adenocarcinomas transplanted into the fourth mammary fat pad. In this report we present evidence demonstrating that cryosurgical procedures involving multiple freeze-thaw cycles followed by tumor excision markedly reduce the local recurrence rate of mouse mammary cancer. Surgical resection without cryotreatment resulted in an 80% local recurrence rate; in contrast, cryotreatment consisting of three freeze-thaw cycles before excision prevented local tumor recurrence in 70% of the animals. The use of cryotherapy and local excision (cryolumpectomy) in the treatment of human breast cancer is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Renal stone shadowing: an investigation of contributing factors.

A series of in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of intervening tissue, B-mode processing algorithms, stone chemical composition, stone size, and reverberation artifacts on the acoustic shadows of renal stones. Stone size was found to be the most important variable; intervening tissue and focal zone placement also affected imaging. Reverberation artifacts may fill in an acoustic shadow, but can still provide information. The survey algorithm produced slightly clearer shadows than the static storage algorithm. Gray-scale map changes, increased power, and chemical composition of calculi did not affect shadowing.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Measurement accuracy of sonographic sector scanners.

Discrepancies identified in anatomic size measurements in clinical obstetric sonographic studies prompted a study of the accuracy of measurements obtained from sonographic mechanical sector scanners. There were large variations in equipment calibration of the size of the sector scan angle among six clinical sonographic units from four manufacturers, causing transverse measurements to vary from 47% (high) to 9% (low), compared with the true size of a cylindrical plastic phantom. Depth measurements, parallel to the direction of sound penetration, are only velocity dependent and were accurate to within 6%. Transverse size measurements made using mechanical sector scanners should be suspect unless the calibration has been checked using a phantom test object.

Calibration↗
PubMed1983

Increased risk of cholelithiasis with prolonged total parenteral nutrition.

Patients who receive hyperalimentation undergo prolonged periods of fasting which may alter bile composition and lead to gallbladder stasis, both important factors in gallstone formation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that patients who receive long-term TPN are at increased risk for cholelithiasis by performing cholecystosonography on adult patients who had received a minimum of 3 months of intravenous hyperalimentation during 1981. Seventy-one patients whose mean age was 41.9 years, 41 percent of whom were men, met these criteria. Gallstones had been diagnosed in 11 of the 71 patients (15 percent) before the initiation of parenteral nutrition. Twenty-one of the remaining 60 at risk patients (35 percent) were discovered to have cholelithiasis after hyperalimentation was started. The 45 percent prevalence of gallstones in our 71 patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than predicted from autopsy data. In addition, the 49 percent prevalence of cholelithiasis in our 53 patients with ileal disorders was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) than predicted from a study of patients with similarly defined ileal disorders. This analysis strongly suggests that patients who receive long-term TPN are at increased risk for the development of cholelithiasis.

Adolescent↗