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Biomedical subjects

W J Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to W J Ryan.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effects of prostaglandins and other drugs on the cyclic AMP content of cultured bone cells.

Prostaglandins of the E-series (PGE1 and PGE2) may be involved in disease-related, localized loss of bone. E-prostaglandins increase the cyclic AMP content of many cells; and, to determine if their effects on bone are mediated by cyclic AMP, we examined the effects of E-prostaglandins and of other agents on the cyclic AMP content of cultured bone cells. PGE2 produced a rapid, marked and dose-related increase in the cyclic AMP content of confluent monolayers of bone cells isolated from newborn rat calvaria. At 2.8 X 10(-6) M, PGE1 and PGE2 had approximately the same effect, while the effect of PGF2alpha was much less pronounced. In the presence of theophylline, PGE2 had a more marked effect than parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the combination of PGE2 and PTH had a synergistic effect. The divalent, cationic, ionophore, A23187, produced an increase in cellular cyclic AMP and had an additive effect in combination with PGE2. Synthetic salmon calcitonin (CT), which inhibits the bone resorptive effect of PGE2, increased cellular cyclic AMP and had an additive effect in combination with PGE2. A prostaglandin antagonist, SC-19220, partially inhibited the resorptive effect of PGE2 and reduced its effect on cellular cyclic AMP. The calcium antagonist, D600, inhibited the bone resorptive effects of PGE2 but had no effect on increased cellular cyclic AMP produced by PGE2. The marked effect of PGE2 on bone cell cyclic AMP suggests that this action is involved in the mechanism of PGE2-related bone loss. The fact that agents with different effects on PGE2-induced increases in cellular cyclic AMP can inhibit its resorptive actions, suggests that PGE2-induced changes in cyclic AMP may be related less to its resorptive actions than to its inhibitory effect on bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Marine vibrios associated with superficial septic lesions.

Three cases are reported in which a marine vibrio, Vibrio alginolyticus, was isolated from superficial septic lesions. All cases had been exposed to sea-water. The possible significane of these findings and the need for further investigations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasonic measurement of lateral pharyngeal wall movement at the velopharyngeal port.

Pulsed ultrasound was used to assess lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) movement at the level of the velopharyngeal port in three adult males and two adult females. All subjects were normal talkers, and data were collected while each produced all combinations of the vowels /a/ and /i/ and consonants /p, t, k, s, m, n/ in a VCVCV context. On a qualitative basis, it appears that ultrasound technology has potential application for the measurement of LPW movement. However, a number of problems must be resolved before ultrasonic techniques surpass current methods of studying velopharyngeal function and/or incompetence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tracheoesophageal speech: predictors of success and social validity ratings.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine long-term success rates and predictors of success for patients who had undergone either primary or secondary tracheoesophageal puncture. An additional aim was to compare judgments of communication effectiveness made by a speech-language pathologist with those made by the patient or significant other. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six laryngectomees were initially rated on a 5-point functional communication scale. These ratings resulted in the formation of two distinct groups that were identified as "successful" and "unsuccessful." The groups were compared on the basis of age at time of surgery and 10 categorical variables that have been implicated in the success or failure of tracheoesophageal puncture surgery. RESULTS: Results indicated that nearly two thirds of the patients had successful communication at an average of approximately 4 years posttracheoesophageal puncture. For the 13 patients judged as "unsuccessful," reduced vision, limited arm/hand movement, and history of radiotherapy were found in significantly greater numbers. When communication profile ratings made by a speech-language pathologist were compared with those made by the patient or significant other (P/SO), approximately one-third varied by at least "1" scale value, with the vast majority resulting in comparatively higher ratings by the speech-language pathologist. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study are in general agreement with previously published success rates for tracheoesophageal puncture and attest to the long-term nature of these success rates in a majority of patients. Additional investigation is necessary to identify factors that may contribute to discrepancies between clinician expectations and those of the patient or significant other.

Female↗