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Biomedical subjects

W Holmes

Publications and source records attributed to W Holmes.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Complement activating factor(s) of Trypanosoma lewisi: some physiochemical characteristics of the active components.

Of the complement activating factors present in Trypanosoma lewisi, the major component, a carbohydrate containing substance was further investigated. This component was found to have a lag time of complete activation of 2 CH50 units of bovine complement of approximately 15 minutes while 1% trypsin (a known activator of complement, used as a control system) was capable of instant consumption of a similar quantity of complement. In addition, the complement activating factor of trypanosomes was observed to be stable at 100 degrees C for 15 minutes and over a pH range of 3.0 to 11.0. Thin layer chromatography studies suggested that at least part of the active component contained lipid, perhaps indicating that it may be glycolipid in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis. Changes in the catabolism of serum immunoglobulins and complement components in infected cattle.

The turnover of serum proteins of calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense was compared to that of normal uninfected cattle. All proteins examined had much increased catabolic rates in infected animals. In normal animals the average half-lives in days for each protein were: IgG1 17.4, IgG2 22.4, IgM 4.8, IgA 3.4, IgE 1.9, C1 5.6 and C3 2.9. In trypanosome infected cattle the average half-lives were IgG1 1.9, IgG2 1.7, IgM 0.9, IgA 1.2, IgE 0.9, C1 1.2 and C3 1.1 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis. Changes in serum immunoglobulins, complement and complement components in infected animals.

In three calves experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense the amounts of IgG1 and IgG2 were little changed and similar to those of normal animals. IgM increased in amount early in the infection and the amount of the increase appeared related to the parasite burden. The amounts of IgA and IgE were both much decreased and this also appeared related to the numbers of parasites in the blood. There was a decrease in the amounts of total haemolytic complement and complement components C1, C1q and C3 in the infected calves. Furthermore the amounts of properdin fluctuated with the cyclical changes in numbers of T. congolense parasites in the individual calves. No significant change in the amount of C8 was observed. It is considered that activation of both the alternative and the classical complement pathways occurs in trypanosome infected animals but that neither pathway goes to its terminal stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bovine reaginic antibody. I. Rat mast cell degranulation by bovine allergic serum.

A method of utilizing morphological changes in rat mast cells to determine reaginic antibody activity in bovine serum is described. This technique, which has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of allergies in man, relies on the ability of antigen to degranulate mast cells sensitized with allergic serum. Experiments with radioactively-labelled allergic bovine globulin indicated the specificity of the binding of such proteins to rat mast cells. Cross-reaction between reaginic bovine antibody and human IgE was shown by a binding assay involving the uptake of 125I-labelled anti-human IgE globulin by mast cells incubated with bovine passive cutaneous anaphylaxis positive globulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Animals for food.

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Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sucrose concentration in blood: a new method for assessment of gastric permeability in horses with gastric ulceration.

A urine sucrose test has recently been reported to be a reliable method of detecting gastric ulcers in horses; however, technical difficulties associated with urine collection have limited the practical value of the test. The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether gastric sucrose permeability, as evaluated by serum sucrose concentration, could be used to detect gastric mucosal injury in horses. Twelve adult horses with naturally acquired gastric ulceration were studied. After a 20-hour nonfeeding period, each horse was dosed with 250 g of sucrose via nasogastric intubation. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and horses underwent gastroscopy 4 hours later. The severity of gastric ulceration in each horse was defined by means of a 4-point ulcer-scoring system, and the relationship with serum sucrose concentration was analyzed by means of a linear mixed-effects model. Serum sucrose concentration was measured by liquid chromatography operating in tandem with electrospray mass spectrometry. After nasogastric administration of table sugar, horses with moderate to severe gastric ulceration had significant increase in serum sucrose concentration at 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, relative to earlier times (P < .05). Peak sucrose concentration was observed at 45 minutes, and was correlated with ulcer severity (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.898, P < .05). These data indicate that determination of sucrose concentration in equine serum may be a useful test for identifying horses with endoscopically visible gastric ulceration and has potential use as a noninvasive method for screening and monitoring horses engaged in racing training and other performance-related disciplines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparing the patient for bone marrow transplantation: nursing care issues.

The phases of bone marrow transplantation can be identified as the pre-transplant period, the immediate post-transplant period, and the late post-transplant period. The pre-transplant period is characterized by identification of the appropriate type of transplant to be done and, if necessary, finding an appropriate donor; entry of the patient into the transplant unit; administration of the preparative chemotherapy/irradiation regime; management of early toxicities; and pre-transplant supportive care. Nurses play an integral role during the entire transplant process. During the pre-transplant phase, nursing expertise is exemplified in the administration of chemotherapy, management of side effects, teaching of transplant procedures to patient and family, and supportive care. This paper reviews the patient care issues during the pre-transplant phase of bone marrow transplantation and identifies nursing management strategies.

Blood Transfusion↗