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Biomedical subjects

W Gruber

Publications and source records attributed to W Gruber.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Uterine motility after post-partum application of sulprostone and other oxytocics.

UNLABELLED: With the introduction of prostaglandins to obstetrics another group of substances was known to influence uterine motility also post partum. It was interesting to study the effect of equal doses of synthetic prostaglandin E2 (sulprostone), methergin and synthetic oxytocin on the so-called puerperal model in humans. By transcervically introduced twin-catheters uterine motility was recorded after uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in 101 volunteers. Uterine motility was recorded and evaluated according to the onset of the effect, its duration, motility pattern and uterine activity. Maternal heart-rate was additionally recorded similarly to the feto-maternal cardiotocogram. All substances were applied by intramuscular injection. The following observations could be made: 1. Onset: sulprostone is effective in the shortest time, followed by oxytocin and methergin. 2. DURATION: the most prolonged effect is noticed with methergin, followed by sulprostone and syntocinon. 3. Motility pattern: the strongest effect can be seen with sulprostone, followed by methergin and syntocinon. 4. Increase of uterine motility was highest with sulprostone, followed by methergin and oxytocin. 5. No side-effects on the maternal heart-rate could be found with any of the tested substances. As a conclusion, sulprostone is recommended in the treatment of severe bleeding post partum when an immediate and long-lasting effect is to be achieved with one single substance.

Dinoprostone↗
PubMed1983

[Results of a multidisciplinary treatment protocol for advanced squamous cell carcinoma in the ORL region].

49 previously untreated patients with advanced stage III or IV epidermoid cancer of the head and neck were included in a controlled study. Prior to and after radiotherapy or surgery, 41 patients received regimen I with platinum and bleomycin, 8 patients in regimen II were treated with bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. After initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy (2000 rad) 31 patients (76%) in regimen I and all patients in regimen II showed an objective complete or partial response. At the end of radiotherapy or surgery 37 of 49 (75%) patients achieved complete tumour clearance. The median follow-up in our study is 17 months and the median survival 22 months (preliminary results). The combined modality approach demonstrated substantial antitumour activity, but we will have to await the results of randomized studies to assess the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer.

Austria↗
PubMed1982

[Prostaglandins for the termination of pathological pregnancies in the 2d trimester].

Prostaglandins (PG) are currently the drugs of choice to terminate pathological 2nd trimester pregnancies. 6 different dose schedules of were are tested in 100 women with missed abortion, hydatidiform mole, and fetal malformations: extraamniotic PGF2 alpha, intravenous PGE2, intravenous sulprostone (2 schedules), and intramuscular sulprostone (2 schedules). All tested regimens were effective. Induction-to-abortion times and incidence of side effects were different. Extraamniotic PGF2 alpha and intramuscular sulprostone appear to be the most practicable regimens.

Abortion, Missed↗
PubMed1982

[Intravesical prostaglandin E2 and placebo in urinary retention after gynaecological surgery (author's transl)].

In a randomized single blind trial we studied the effectiveness of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the treatment of postoperative urinary retention after vaginal hysterectomy with colposuspension. One group of patients (n = 8) received 1.5 mg prostaglandin E2 in 50 ml 0.9% NaCl on the 9th postoperative day (72 hours after removal of the Foley catheter) and 50 ml NaCl without prostaglandin E2 on the following day. In the second group (n = 12) NaCl was instilled on the first day of treatment and prostaglandin E2 on the following day. Four hours after the instillation of prostaglandin E2 5 out of 8 women were able to void spontaneously, while after the instillation of NaCl spontaneous micturition occurred in only 2 out of 12 women (p less than 0.05). In both groups the average time period until patients were free of residual urine was 4 days after the initiation of therapy. Compared to placebo intravesical prostaglandin E2 is significantly more effective in achieving spontaneous voiding after gynaecological surgery.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

[Course of recurrent nerve paralysis after thyroid operation].

In congenial collaboration with the otolaryngological department, Landeskrankenanstalten Salzburg, we have examined 216 patients with recurrent paresis within a postoperative period between half a year and 17 years. Thereby, we could note in 40% of the patients a complete disappearance of vocal cord paralysis. Disruption of the nerves, intubation damage and postoperative edemas have to be assumed to be causes of this temporary paresis. The result of the laryngological examination in no case coincided with the recovery of voice quality. The percentage of patients who were satisfied with their voice was much higher (90%), which is most important.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[The influence of oxygen and bicarbonate administration to the parturient on maternal and fetal blood gases and acid base balance (author's transl)].

The effects of oxygen and bicarbonate administration to parturients were studied by analysis of maternal and fetal blood gas parameters. Oxygen inhalation resulted in a significant increase of the fetal pO2 and appears to be a practicable mean of intrauterine reanimation of hypoxic fetuses. Intravenous bicarbonate was unable to raise the fetal pH. Simultaneous bicarbonate and oxygen administration had no desirable effects on the fetal acid-base-balance.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison between lecithin-sphingomyelin-ratio and surface tension of amniotic fluid with regard to the prediction of fetal lung maturity (author's transl)].

Report on 127 children, who were born within 72 hours after determination of fetal lung maturity by means of measuring the surface tension of amniotic fluid with the Wilhelmy balance and analysis of the L/S-ratio. The predictive accuracy of the physical method was 91.3%, of the chemical method 92.1% and of both methods combined 96.8%. The correlation of the two methods by mean of a correlation-ellipse was high significant. However, by comparing the values obtained after different duration of gestation it was shown that the L/S-ratio predicted a mature child on the average one week earlier than the surface tension.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

Sampling of amniotic fluid for L/S ratio determination after rupture of membranes.

After rupture of membranes (RM), amniotic fluid (AF) leaking from the external os can be collected by means of a sterile bladder catheter inserted into the vagina and connected to a plastic bag for determination of the L/S ratio. This study was designed to ascertain whether contamination of AF with cervical or vaginal mucus alters the L/S ratio determined by Gluck's method. 50 gravidas in term or preterm labor had their amniotic sac punctured by a long gauge-20 needle under amnioscopic sight. Two samples of AF were collected from the needle. After RM, a sterile plastic bladder catheter was placed in the vagina and connected to a plastic bag ordinarily used for urine collection. Two additional samples of AF were taken from the plastic bag. All 4 samples were marked with code numbers and submitted for L/S ratio determination. There were no significant differences in the L/S ratio between samples obtained by the two different techniques. It is concluded that sampling of AF by means of a vaginal catheter and a plastic bag does not alter the L/S ratio, and is therefore practicable for assessing fetal lung maturity after RM.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

EDTA effect on creatine kinase (CK) and on the SCE reagent.

The inclusion of EDTA in the creatine kinase reagent recommended by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes was shown to increase reagent stability from less than 24 h to 5 days. Part of this effect can be explained by the fact that EDTA delays the formation of inhibitory products formed when N-acetyl cysteine is oxidized. The addition of EDTA to the reagent also results in increased measured CK activity. This effect is more pronounced for CK-BB than for CK-MM. Calcium and ferric ions are shown to inhibit the enzyme and the chelation of these ions can partly explain the observed increase of CK acitivity.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1979

Influence of indicating enzyme reaction on apparent creatine kinase activity creatine kinase in serum, VII.

Comparison of the indicative systems yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NADP+, leuconostoc glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NADP+ and leuconostoc glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NAD+ showed excellent correlation and no differences in apparent creatine kinase activity with the two methods using NADP+. By using NAD+ with the leuconostoc enzyme enzyme relative recovery of apparent creatine kinase activity is lower due to interference of other serum constituents. The mean value of the relative differences versus methods using NADP+ was 5.8% in our experiments.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1979

Creatine kinase in serum: 6. Inhibition by endogenous polyvalent cations, and effect of chelators on the activity and stability of some assay components.

We studied the effects of some chelators on creatine kinase activity. Creatine kinase is competitively inhibited by endogenous polyvalent cations (e.g., calcium, Ki = 4.5 mmol/L); this can be reversed by adding chelators to the reagent, resulting in a mean increase in activity of 1.14-fold at 25 degrees C and 1.18-fold at 30 and 37 degrees C. Adding chelators, 5 and 10 mmol/L, to serum stored at 37, 30, 25, 4, and -20 degrees C increased isoenzyme stability in some cases, but under certain conditions decreased it, especially at higher chelator concentrations, and more so for EGTA than for EDTA. Blood sampling into tubes prepared with chelators and storage of plasma has no advantage over serum stored in the presence of chelators. The most striking effect of chelators is their protective effect on thiols in the creatine kinase reagent. In the presence of EDTA, 2 mmol/L, the reagent is stable for at least a day at 25 degrees C or a week at 4 degrees C. The poor stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is nearly independent of chelators, is the limiting factor for reagent containing EDTA. Bis-Tris, a buffer recently recommended for assay of creatine kinase activity, is a weak chelator. Imidazole acetate buffer combined with EDTA yields activities identical to those found with Bis-Tris at assay temperatures of either 25 or 30 degrees C.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1979

[Foetal complications associated with use of foetal scalp electrodes and scalp blood sampling (author's transl)].

A retrospective study was performed in the context of 1,047 cases of internal foetal monitoring, using direct foetal electrocardiography and/or foetal scalp blood sampling. Seven minor foetal complications have been observed, including six cases of infection and one of haemorrhage, representing a rate of 0.66 per cent. The advantages obtainable from internal foetal monitoring appear to outweigh the low risk associated with these methods.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

[Blood coagulation parameters in prostaglandin-induced labour after intrauterine fetal death (author's transl)].

Pregnancy termination by the intraamniotic injection of hypertonic saline may result in coagulation defects. This complication seems to be uncommon with prostaglandins. The present study was designed to elucidate any possible effects of prostaglandin administration on coagulation parameters in patients with fetal death in utero. Labour was induced in 20 cases of intrauterine fetal death by either intravenous (11) or intramuscular (9) administration of Sulprostone. Normotest, thrombin clotting time, ethanol fractionation, fibrinogen level and platelet count were obtained in each patient prior to and immediately after drug administration. Although retention of the fetus for as long as 84 days was recorded (mean 14 days), no patient presented with abnormal clotting parameters. Prostaglandin induction was successful in all 20 cases. After explosion of the fetus, coagulation parameters were not significantly different from pretreatment values. Estimated blood loss never exceeded 500 cc. It is concluded that intramuscular or intravenous administration of Sulprostone for induction of labour in fetal death in utero does not affect the clotting system nor trigger off disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Creatine kinase in serum: 4. Differences in substrate affinity among the isoenzymes.

The goal of this work was to find out whether it is possible to measure all three creatine kinase isoenzymes under the same reaction conditions in spite of their different kinetic properties. We found the tightest substrate binding for purified human BB, followed by the MB And MM isoenzyme preparations for both creatine phosphate and ADP. An increase in substrate concentration usually resulted in an inhibition. Nevertheless, it was possible with a method optimized for the MM isoenzyme also to measure the BB and MB isoenzymes at a rate of inhibition of only 6 and 3%, respectively. Marked differences in the apparent Km values between purified and native MM isoenzyme in human serum may indicate that the enzyme declined in substrate affinity during the isolation procedure. The use of enzyme preparations for standardization purposes, therefore, is only suitable if their kinetic properties are close to those of the enzyme in serum. Difficulties in the calculation of the apparent Km values are discussed and the graphical procedures of Lineweaver and Burk and of Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden compared.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗