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Biomedical subjects

W Gruber

Publications and source records attributed to W Gruber.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Characteristics of peripheral rheograms following thermal provocation in normal and pathologic pregnancy].

Using the impedance plethysmographic method of rheography it is possible to ascertain the tone of the peripheral resistance vessels directly by simple means. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between peripheral vasodilatation at rest and normal course of pregnancy. In the present study, rheographic changes were studied in patients with normal pregnancy (n = 27, Group 1), diabetes mellitus (n = 18, Group 2), "pregnancy-induced hypertension" (n = 10, Group 3), and chronic placental insufficiency (n = 16, Group 4) during and following a low-temperature stimulus. After exposure to icy water, the Group 1 subjects showed a 40% reduction in rheographic amplitude, Groups 2 and 3 a 25% reduction, while Group 4 patients showed no signs of vasoconstriction going beyond the resting state (p less than 0.001). The four groups also differed considerably as regards vessel wall behavior in the recovery phase. The study confirms that the amplitude of the peripheral rheogram is a good indicator for detecting high-risk pregnancies. The amplitude pattern under thermal stimulation also provides further information on the dynamic behavior of the resistance vessels in normal and pathologic pregnancies.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1987

[Suprapubic bladder drainage versus a transurethral catheter in patients following anterior colporrhaphy].

Gynaecological operations for urinary stress incontinence necessitate long-term drainage of the bladder. In this retrospective study 100 patients receiving a conventional indwelling urethral catheter system were compared with 90 patients receiving a transabdominal suprapubic catheter for postoperative bladder drainage. The transurethral catheter was removed 5 days after the operation while the suprapubic catheter was left in place until no residual urine was detected. Patients with suprapubic bladder drainage showed no residual urine two days earlier (8.8 +/- 4.3 versus 10.9 +/- 5.0 days), left the hospital two days earlier (12.3 +/- 3.9 versus 13.9 +/- 4.4 days), and had a lower incidence of urinary tract infections (17% versus 30%) than patients with urethral catheters. In five cases suprapubic catheters had to be removed prematurely because of complications such as pain, persistent haematuria or obstruction of the catheter. Rates of haematuria were similar in both groups. Catheter-related pain was less frequent with suprapubic drainage. The acceptance of the suprapubic system by patients and nursing staff was good, particularly since measurement of the residual urine did not necessitate repeated urethral catheterization. The additional time required for placing the suprapubic catheter postoperatively is by far outweighed by the advantages of this system, such as shorter hospitalization and a lower incidence of urinary tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Acute fetal posthemorrhagic anemia in incomplete rupture of the umbilical cord].

The present paper communicates a case of acute fetal posthemorrhagic anemia. In the case in question, this rare event occurred during birth and had no consequences for the infant thanks to rapid neonatologic intervention. The cause was found to be an incomplete funicular hernia associated with velamentous insertion. The importance of funicular hernias as the most serious umbilical cord complication is discussed with reference to this case and the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Preformed, autologous rib cartilage in the reconstruction of defects of the frontal bone].

The production of exactly fitting, preformed cartilage implants is described. These implants consist of rib cartilage chips that develop after 6 to 9 months' implantation under the thoracic and abdominal skin to a homogeneous and compact cartilage-connective tissue mass. The autologous implants are formed by using plastic shells that are perforated. This technique enables us to repair bone defects of the frontal and skull base region. As well as explaining the surgical procedure the advantages, disadvantages and indications are stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Cerclage in multiple pregnancy].

In a retrospective study data of 143 multiple pregnancies were evaluated. 41 group A patients were treated with prophylactic cerclage of the cervix, 102 group B patients received no cerclage, mainly because of the advanced gestational age at the time of the first visit to the hospital. No advantageous effect of the cerclage could be ascertained in respect to gestational age at the time of delivery nor to the birth weight of the newborns.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1986

[Rheography in pregnancy--a noninvasive method of early detection of placental insufficiency].

UNLABELLED: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major obstetrical problem. About 20% of stillbirths are growth retarded. Increased vascular resistance is suspected to cause preeclampsia and IUGR. Our study used rheography 1. to show the change of vascular resistance during pregnancy, 2. to scrutinize any connections between maternal peripheral perfusion and the development of IUGR. For the first part of the study 168 healthy pregnant women of different gestational age were studied to examine the physiological conditions of peripheral haemoperfusion. In the second part we employed rheography in 177 cases of last trimester pregnancies. The parameter used was the rheographic quotient (RQ), defined as the volume of the pulse wave. To compare RQ values of patients with different heart frequencies these values were multiplied by the pulse rate per second (relative pulse volume, Pr). RESULTS: 1. RQ values remained nearly constant during the first trimester (0.7%). During the second trimester a noticeable increase in RQ was found, leading to RQ values of about 1.3% in the third trimester. From the 28th week until delivery no further significant changes occurred. Using Pr, our data showed increased values from the 16th gestational week onwards. Early-stage values (0.8%/sec) increased more than twofold (1.7%/sec) until delivery. 2. Out of 177 pregnancies, 26 led to newborn below the 10th percentile (mean = 2230 g). Rheographic data showed highly significant differences between the AGA and SGA groups: the mean RQ values of the AGA sample was 1.2 +/- 0.4%, of the SGA sample 0.6 +/- 0.35% (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1986

[Smoking in pregnancy].

The course of pregnancy and delivery and the foetal outcome of women who smoked during pregnancy (n = 1751) were compared with nonsmokers (= 4937). The following variables were studied in retrospect: Duration of pregnancy, maternal weight gain, mode of delivery, foetal birthweight and the maturity of the newborn, Apgar scores, pH of the umbilical artery, perinatal mortality, frequency of foetal malformations, amount of amniotic fluid and the incidence of meconium staining, placental weight and the occurrence of placental infarctions. Birth weight, foetal length and head circumference were significantly smaller in the group of women who smoked. The incidence of babies with low birth weight and clinical signs of prematurity as well as placental infarctions was significantly increased in the same group. Gestational age was not different in smoking and nonsmoking gravidae. No statistical difference was found in the rate of C-sections, in Apgar scores, umbilical arterial pH, the incidence of malformations, perinatal mortality, and placental weight. Social factors were not considered in this study.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of prenatal care in general practice and in the clinic on the course of pregnancy and labor].

The computerized case histories of 6666 children who were born during the years 1977 and 1981 at the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Univ. of Vienna have been evaluated for the clinical and social data of the mothers, the duration of pregnancy and the well being of the infants at delivery and during the perinatal period. A comparison of three groups according to prenatal care (I no prenatal care; II "Mutter-Kind-Pass" program; III "Mutter-Kind-Pass" program plus clinical care) showed that a complete perinatal care (group III) leads to significantly less preterm deliveries, better Apgar-scores and lower perinatal mortality. The differences between groups I and II were minimal. The prenatal care therefore can only be judged as optimal if in addiction to the "Mutter-Kind-Pass" program the diagnostic abilities of a clinic are taken advantage of on time and if the gap between the 28th and 35th week of pregnancy can be covered by additional check ups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Animal bite injuries in the head and neck area and their care].

Animal bites in the head and neck vary in severity. Surgical treatment depends on the size, extent and site of the wound. Straightforward injuries need only to be cleaned and disinfected or may require simple surgery. Extensive, complex bites must be treated by the techniques of plastic-reconstructive surgery. Good cosmetic results can only be achieved in this way. Lacerations should be treated immediately. Bites with loss of tissue can be treated immediately by flaps, skin or composite grafts or revascularised flaps. Usually however, the wound is covered by gauze impregnated with ointment or artificial skin. Two to three weeks after granulation the lesion is reconstructed. An anti-tetanus injection must be given for every animal bite. Simple bites do not require antibiotics, but extensive wounds do. The indication for rabies vaccination is described and questions concerning the treatment of injuries caused by rabid or suspected-rabid animals are clearly explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Structural and immunological characterization of Friend murine leukaemia virus glycopolypeptide using synthetic oligopeptides.

Using terminal position, hydrophilicity, predicted reverse turns and type specificity as criteria, five oligopeptides were selected for synthesis from the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycopolypeptide gp70 of Friend murine leukaemia virus. These peptides corresponded to the amino acids 6-12 (pep1), 124-131 (pep2), 256-262 (pep3), 283-290 (pep4) and 434-441 (pep5). After coupling to carriers, bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin, antisera were prepared in rabbits. All of the five oligopeptides were immunogenic and pep1, pep2, pep4 and pep5 were able to elicit antibodies to the native glycopolypeptide. These sequence-specific antisera distinguished between glycoproteins of different leukaemia viruses. At least three of the selected peptides, the type-specific oligopeptides pep3, pep4 and pep5, were found to be natural epitopes of gp70.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Reagent for the enzymatic determination of serum total triglycerides with improved lipolytic efficiency.

A fully enzymatic assay is described for the determination of triglycerides. The coupled activities of triacylglycerol acylhydrolase and glycerol kinase result in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate. The system also contains L-alpha-glycerol-phosphate oxidase, which produces hydrogen peroxide from glycerol-3-phosphate, and a sensitive chromogenic indicator system, consisting of peroxidase, 4-chlorophenol and 4-aminophenazone. We evaluated this method with respect to kinetics, linearity, blank rates, precision, accuracy, reagent stability and interfering substances. The accuracy of the triglyceride assay demands that each enzymatic reaction step be complete and homogeneous. We therefore developed HPTLC-1) and HPLC-2) methods to monitor the course and completeness of each step.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1983

13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) and sulprostone serum levels after application of sulprostone to postpartum women.

13 ,14 -Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) serum levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 101 postpartum women who were treated with 200 micrograms methergin, 5 I.U. oxytocin and 500 micrograms sulprostone, respectively, 30 min after expulsion of placenta. All patients had normal deliveries. The present radioimmunoassay system did not show cross-reactivity with sulprostone. In addition, radioimmunoassayable sulprostone serum levels were monitored. Covariance analysis of area under PGFM serum levels between time zero and 180 min after application of oxytocics was performed. A higher but statistically not significantly PGFM serum level was maintained in subjects treated with sulprostone. Sulprostone serum levels are rapidly attained after application. Decrease of radioimmunoassayable sulprostone indicates a half-life of 75 min. These data corroborate clinical findings of an accompanying paper and combine to suggest that sulprostone may be a useful alternative therapy in high-risk patients with severe postpartum atony and hemorrhage in whom prior preventive measures have failed.

Dinoprost↗