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Biomedical subjects

W Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to W Fischer.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Acyldiglucosyldiacylglycerol-containing lipoteichoic acid with a poly(3-O-galabiosyl-2-O-galactosyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate) chain from Streptococcus lactis Kiel 42172.

The lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus lactis Kiel 42172 was isolated. The lipid portions were released by HF and were established to be 3-O-[O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl]-2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate, they are joined by phosphodiester bonds nosyl)]glycerol. The repeating units of the hydrophilic chain were established to be 3-O-[O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl]-2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate; they are joined by phosphodiester bonds at carbon atom 6 of the galabiosyl residues. The innermost unit is linked to the glycolipid by a phosphodiester presumably at C-6 of the outer glucosyl moiety. The hydrophilic chain is 7.4--11.8 units in length, measuring 12--19 nm is extended conformation. The content of 2.7--2.96 acyl groups per 2 glucosyl residues indicates that 70--96% of the glycolipid consists of acyldiglucosyldiacylglycerol. The novel poly(glycosylgly-cerophosphate) structure provided for the first time the oplipoteichoic acids are the sn-1 isomer which has previously been suggested from biosynthetic studies (Glaser, L., & Lindsay, B. (1974) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 59, 1131--1136).

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1978

Modification of attention in honey bees.

Honey bees were trained in two consecutive two-dimensional (color-position) problems with one dimension (color or position) relevant and the other irrelevant in each problem. As in analogous experiments on dimensional transfer in rats and monkeys, performance in the second problem was more accurate when the relevant and irrelevant dimensions were the same as in the first problem than when they were interchanged. The results of further experiments suggest that the transfer is mediated by different modes of responding that develop in color and position problems rather than by some special process of dimensional selection, such as has been assumed to operate in vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Erythrocyte organic phosphates in the anemia of renal failure in childhood.

Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG ) and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) levels were determined in 43 children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment (CT), and 12 children on regular hemodialysis (HD) immediately before and after a HD session. The results were compared to non-anemic and anemic controls. In spite of anemia, erythrocyte 2,3-DPG in renal failure was similar to non-anemic controls at normal blood pH, but rose during dialysis as a result of alkalosis. In contrast, ATP levels were high already at a normal blood pH. 2,3-DPG correlated with packed cell volume (PCV) in children with renal failure but at lower concentrations compared to controls. Both organic phosphates in the erythrocytes showed a significant correlation with blood pH. The poor increase of 2,3-DPG, in combination with elevated ATP levels, suggests uremia-induced inhibition of 2,3-DPG synthesis.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1978

On the relationship between glycerophosphoglycolipids and lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria. III. Di(glycerophospho)-acylkojibiosyldiacylglycerol and related compounds from Streptococcus lactis NCDO 712.

1. Streptococcus lactis NCDO 712 contains at lease three unusually polar glycerophosphoglycolipids. One of them was composed of D-glucose, glycerol, fatty acid ester, and phosphorus in the molar ratio of approx. 2 : 3 : 3 : 2. The structure was established as 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho-3-sn-glycero-1-phospho)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-(6-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)]-glycerol. 2. The second glycerophosphoglycolipid was shown to have the same core structure but is lacking the carbohydrate-linked fatty acid. The third glycero-phosphoglycolipid is a glycosylated derivative of the first one bearing an alpha-galactosyl residue at position 2 of the inner glycolipid-linked glycerophosphate moiety. 3. These novel phosphoglycolipids are considered to be the so far missing link between simple glycerophosphoglycolipids and lipoteichoic acids of Gram-positive bacteria.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1978

On the relationship between glycerophosphoglycolipids and lipoteichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria. I. The occurrence of phosphoglycolipids.

1. Gram-positive bacteria out of the families of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae were investigated with respect to the occurrence and the concentration of phosphoglycolipids. 2. Phosphatidylglycolipids occur exclusively in group D Streptococci and in Streptococcus hemolyticus D-58. Phosphatidyl-alpha-kojibiosyldiacylglycerol, the prevalent species, accounts for up to 28% of the polar lipids. The related glycerophospho-phosphatidyl-alpha-kojibiosyldiacylglycerol is restricted to Streptococcus faecalis. 3. Glycerophosphoglycolipids, usually minor components, comprise thirteen compounds most of which have so far not been described. Except Micrococcus lysodeikticus all examined bacteria contained one or more glycerophosphoglycolipids. Their occurrence parallels, therefore, that of lipoteichoic acids, which supports the hypothesis of a metabolic relationship between these two membrane components.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1978

On the relationship between glycerophosphoglycolipids and lipoteichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria. II. Structures of glycerophosphoglycolipids.

1. Eight glycerophosphoglycolipids were isolated from six Gram-positive bacteria. Besides sn-glycero-1-phospho-beta-gentiobiosyldiacylglycerol (i) and sn-glycero-1-phospho-alpha-kojibiosyldiacylglycerol (ii), three novel structures have been established: 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-(6-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)]glycerol (iii), 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]glycerol (iv), and 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[6-(sn-glycero-1-phospho)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-(6-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)]glycerol (v). 2. Compound i was isolated from Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, compound ii from a group B Streptococcus, compounds ii and iii from Streptococcus lactis, compounds iv and v from Lactobacillus casei. Lactobacillus plantarum contained besides compounds iv and v a glycerophosphate derivative of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[alpha-D-galactopyranosyl (1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]glycerol. 3. Identical structural features of the described glycerophosphoglycolipids and the corresponding lipoteichoic acids are discussed.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1978

Trihexosyldiacylglycerol and acyltrihexosyldiacylglycerol as lipid anchors of the lipoteichoic acid of Lactobacillus casei DSM 20021.

The lipoteichoic acid of Lactobacillus casei DSM 20021 was isolated. It consists of glycolipid and a poly(glycerophosphate), 37-44 units in length. The lipid portions can be released by treatment with hydrofluoric acid or acetic acid. They were determined to be 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O-alpha-D-galacto-pyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]glycerol and 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-(6-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)]glycerol. Lipoteichoic acid with a third carbohydrate-linked fatty acid in the glycolipid portion represents a novel subclass.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMed1978

[Experiences gained from the establishment of a complex physical therapy program for the management of female urinary incontinence].

Reported in this paper are preliminary experiences so far obtained from a complex physiotherapeutic programme for conservative and pre-operative treatment of functional urinary incontinence in women. Included in this pilot study were 82 patients of whom 23 (28 per cent) were continent on termination of the therapy, while another 38 (46 per cent) had improved to an extent where they abandoned their original intention to undergo surgery for incontinence. Complex physiotherapy may add favourably to the spectrum of possible therapeutic approaches, provided its proper and differentiated coordination with the generally known surgical approaches.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1978

[Aseptic meningitis following fourth ventricle surgery (author's transl)].

Postoperative aseptic meningitis may occur as a complication of brain neurosurgery, especially after opening of the fourth ventricle. The picture of bacterial meningitis may be simulated. Main symptoms are persistent spiking fever, meningism and pleocytosis of CSF. The usually long lasting course can be dramatically shortened by early steroid therapy.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1978

[Psychiatry and mental disorders].

The analysis of the relations between social order and mental disorder is first based on the social system considered as the order of the differences and of the significant disparities in a stratified and hierarchial society. As psychiatry belongs to the system, it received the monopoly of access to the symbolic and mental dimension which is included in the disorders. We intend to show by some examples how psychiatry applies in this way a specific social order. Then we analyse the results of the setting of this order, results which are different according to the social position of the patients and their status in the psychiatric system. The efficiency of symbolic domination is not only for patients with disorders but also and more basically for the whole social system and the maintaining of its order.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Advances in the prevention and control of urologic complications of cervix cancer. 2. Bladder-function disorders].

By means of 386 comparative cystometries hypertensive reactions were recorded from the urinary bladder both following total and radical vaginal hysterectomy. Hypertension was most strongly pronounced over the first two weeks after operation and receded spontaneously during the third and fourth weeks. That increased intravesical pressure, therefore, was attributed primarily to the surgical trauma and its inevitably accompanying irritation of the bladder. Predominant parasympathetic denervation of the bladder by radical surgery was found to be relevant, first of all, during micturation. Reduced sense of emptying the bladder and sympathetically induced disturbances in the correlations between detrusor and the urethrovesical region favoured the formation of residual urine. Its early therapy, using cholinergics, is becoming increasingly problematic. Intensive control of infections and persistent continuation of catheterisation, until the autonomously functioning bladder has got adjusted to its changed conditions, so far remain to be the most dependable approaches to prophylaxis and therapy of micturation disorders following radical surgery. In severe cases more recent pharmacological and neurohistochemical findings regarding selective effectiveness of alpha-receptor blockers and beta-stimulators in neurogenic bladder may open new therapeutic ways.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[Urologic complications in genital prolapse in women].

With the help of a large number of patients of the gynaecological hospital of Berlin University is demonstrated that with increasing genital descent incontinences of urine more infrequently appear, infections and cases of urinary stasis, however, more frequently. The causes of this are shown. In urinary incontinence must always be thought of the fact that apart from the urethral occlusion insufficiency also a pseudostress incontinence, urge-incontinence or overflow incontinence are possible. - infections of the urinary tract demand prophylactic as well as aimed therapeutic consequences. - Functional disturbances of the kidneys and of the upper urinary tract can nowadays be demonstrated early and carefully by means of the isotope nephrography. The indication to chromocytoscopy and urography is thus further restricted in descent and prolapse. Symptoms of renals insufficiency were observed in 15% of the prolapse diseases. Gynaecologists should more frequently consult nephrologists. On the other hand, in renal insufficiency of older women nephrologists should always think of the genital prolapse as a possible cause.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[Frequency response of the abdominal stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish Orconectes limosus (RAF.) to intracellular current stimulation].

In the slowly adapting stretch receptor neurons the temporal decline of the impulse frequency in response to intracellular current stimulation can be interpreted--apart from the high initial overshoot--by the sum of two exponential functions with time constants of approximately 1 and 10 s. In the rapidly adapting cells the discharge frequency decays--after only a little initial overshoot by current step stimulation--nearly rectilinear with about 8 imp./s2 and stops suddenly mostly in the range of 5 s. The current-frequency-characteristic curves show for both receptor cell types nearly straight lines to 7 nA.

Animals↗