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Biomedical subjects

W Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to W Fischer.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Usefulness of the cotton swab (Q-Tip) test in general practice].

Cotton swabs (Watup or Q-Tip) were transurethrally applied to 50 women with urinary incontinence of different classification and case history to check for pressing-related inclination of the urethra. Testing was supported by inspection of the anterior vaginal wall and urethrocystography. Speculum examination has been found to provide minimum information, primarily after vaginal operations. Watup testing, however, was in better agreement with X-ray findings. Deviating inspection findings were related solely to positive Watup tests, while deviating X-ray findings were obtained with equal frequency in cases of positive and negative Watup tests (with five each being falsely positive and falsely negative). Higher accuracy was obtained in cases in which Watup tests and inspection findings had been identical. In such cases, complementary X-ray procedures for additional assessment of ventral fixation of the urethra were not necessary, if several signs of increased urethral inclination had been clinically detected. On the other hand, insufficient fixation of the urethra to the symphysis must be considered probable by X-ray examination in about 40 per cent of all cases in which no abnormal mobility of the urethra had been suggested by inspection and Watup test. Hence, negative Watup test would not be sufficient for adequate surgical decision-making.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1991

[Nephrosonography--findings in acute pyelonephritis gravidarum].

Nephrosonographic checks were made on 25 women during pregnancy (prior to and after treatment) and after childbirth, in order to obtain morphological information on dynamics of upper urinary tract in cases of acute pyelonephritis gravidarum. Pyelectasia was recorded from 19 patients (76 per cent) on the right side, one patient (four per cent) on the left, two patients (eight per cent) on either side, and was not recorded at all from three women (twelve per cent). Moderate to severe dilatations had been more often recordable from patients with high temperature, but not as often from mild cases. Recurrence rates went up along with severity of ectasia. Physical treatment (lateral positioning and heat) yielded subjectively perceived improvement but failed to result in nephrosonographically recordable decline in dilatation. Pregnancies ended in premature births in 20 per cent of these cases. No dilatation of upper urinary tract was any detectable three months after parturition. While nephrosonography for routine still is disputed in the context of normal pregnancy, it should be used on all cases of acute pyelonephritis gravidarum.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Temporary percutaneous nephrostomy in pregnancy].

Engorged kidneys in pregnancy call for relieving nephrostomy, if locally delimited or systemic effects threaten to be a risk to mother and/or child. Five women were treated over the past five years, with percutaneous nephrostomy being performed on them for acute pyelonephritis gravidarum (n = 4, among them two with one kidney) or asymptomatic collateral excessive ectasia of the pyelo-calyceal system (n = 1). The intervention was followed by antegrade splinting in two cases. Soon clinical but less sonographic improvement was recordable from four patients as a result of renal relief. Delivery was necessary in one case, six days after nephrostomy. Widening application of nephrosonography also in pregnancy should not become a temptation for percutaneous nephrostomy to be performed also on cases of symptomatic urinary stasis. A more generous approach should be taken only to functionally or anatomically solitary-kidney cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Nerve growth factor levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in the brain of aged rats with spatial memory impairments.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity levels were measured in 7 different brain regions in young (3-month-old) and aged (2-years-old) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Prior to analysis the spatial learning ability of the aged rats was assessed in the Morris' water maze test. In the aged rats a significant, 15-30%, increase in NGF levels was observed in 4 regions (septum, cortex, olfactory bulb and cerebellum), whereas the levels in hippocampus, striatum and the brainstem were similar to those of the young rats. The NGF changes did not correlate with the behavioral performance within the aged group. Minor 15-30%, changes in ChAT activity were observed in striatum, brainstem and cerebellum, but these changes did not correlate with the changes in NGF levels in any region. The results indicate that brain NGF levels are maintained at normal or supranormal levels in rats with severe learning and memory impairments. The results, therefore, do not support the view that the marked atrophy and cell loss in the forebrain cholinergic system that is known to occur in the behaviorally impaired aged rats is caused by a reduced availability of NGF in the cholinergic target areas. The results also indicate that the slightly increased levels of NGF are not sufficient to prevent the age-dependent atrophy of cholinergic neurons, although they might be important for the stimulation of compensatory functional changes in a situation where the system is undergoing progressive degeneration.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Purification and fractionation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

By hydrophobic interaction chromatography on octyl-Sepharose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli Re mutant and of wild-type smooth-form (S-form) Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella abortus equi is fractionated according to increasing amount of fatty acids. Thereby a fractionation of S-form LPS according to the length of the O-polysaccharide chain also occurs, because with increasing of fatty acids there is a decrease in the mean length of the O-polysaccharide chain from approximately 30 to 4 repeating units. Molecular species of Re-mutant LPS contain four 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues in addition to which dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and possibly hexadecanoic acid, appear in this sequence. Among the molecular species of S-form LPS, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids appear in the same order, but in contrast to Re-mutant LPS a significant fraction of S-form LPS contains less than four 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography also proved an effective one-step purification procedure of LPS as was shown with a crude preparation from S-form S. typhimurium.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1990

A 28 kDa protein of normal mouse serum binds lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative and lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria.

A 28 kDa protein from normal mouse serum known to bind to the inner core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to bind also to bacterial poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Twenty-nine preparations of LTA were isolated from 19 different bacterial species, purified, chemically analysed, and tested for their ability to bind the 28 kDa protein in a complement-dependent hemolysis and hemolysis inhibition assay. All but one were active in one or both systems and one half of the preparations were active in both. Reactivity patterns were not strictly correlated with the chemical structure of LTA considering the substitution of the poly(glycerophosphate) chain with alanine ester and glycosyl residues and the type of lipid anchor. The isolated lipid anchor alone was unable to bind the serum factor. Comparing the binding to LTA and LPS from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus indicated complete cross-reactivity of LTA and LPS in various serological approaches. Thus, LPS and LTA which are unique amphiphiles in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, share a similar function in terms of binding the 28 kDa mouse serum protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

On the basic structure of poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids.

Poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acids from 24 Gram-positive bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, and the streptococcal pyogenic and oral group were analyzed. The 1,3-linked poly(glycerophosphate) structure was proved by analysis of glycerol and glycerophosphates after acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Using the molar ratios of glycolipid to phosphorus (A) and phosphomonoester to phosphorus after periodate oxidation followed by hydrazinolysis (B) or beta-elimination (C), we show that all lipoteichoic acids contain a single unbranched poly(glycerophosphate) chain and that the chain is uniformly phosphodiester-linked to C-6 of the nonreducing hexopyranosyl residue of the glycolipid moiety. On some chains minor phosphate-containing substituents were detected whose structure remains to be clarified. The lipoteichoic acids of enterococci and listeria strains were separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography into glycolipid- and phosphatidylglycolipid-containing molecular species. The phosphatidylglycolipid moieties were structurally characterized after liberation from lipoteichoic acids with moist acetic acid. After periodate oxidation of lipoteichoic acids beta-elimination released both phosphatidic acid and the poly(glycerophosphate) chain. This indicates together with the sequence analysis of the released phosphatidylglycolipid that the phosphatidyl residue is located at C-6 of the reducing hexosyl residue of the glycolipid moiety and the poly(glycerophosphate) chain at C-6 of the nonreducing one. Together with earlier observations these results complete the evidence for the structural and possibly biosynthetic relationship between lipoteichoic acids and glycerophosphoglycolipids.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term analysis of causes, sites and results of treatment of urogenital fistulas at the Charité Gynecologic Clinic].

Analyses of aetiology, localisation, and curing of urogenital fistulae permit conclusions as to efficiency of public health services. Recorded are 810 fistulae in 45 years which were analysed by 15-year periods. The ratio of obstetric to gynaecological fistula causes has remained unchanged through the entire period under review (10:90). However, substantial shifting was observed within either main group. In obstetrics, vesicocervical and vesicovaginal fistulae following caesarean section, have been predominant and on rising trend for 30 years. In gynaecology, vesicovaginal fistulae in the wake of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy have considerably increased in the last 15 years. The present of benign to malignant primary diseases is 70 to 20%, as compared to 40:50% in the past. Vesicovaginal fistulae have continued to account for 60% of the general incidence. Urethral fistulae have gone up from 6 to 13%, while ureteral and trilocal fistulae have dropped from 20 to 16 and 11 to 7%. Fistula incidence figures at present are 0.01% obstetric as well as 0.2-0.5% benign and 0.7-1.4% malignant gynaecological causes. Rates of healing improved from 90 to 96% in obstetrics and stayed constant in gynaecology (94% benign and 80% malignant). The worst prognosis has continued to be recordable from trilocal fistulae. Current principles of therapy are, finally, put to discussion, together with modifications to the therapeutic régime. The conclusion is drawn that operations on women for urogenital fistulae should be performed only in urogynaecological centres and that fistula prophylaxis should be further intensified, especially in the context of gynaecological standard operations.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Electronic organization of patient records as a component of integrated medical informatics].

Conventional patient records are not only inconvenient to store, their structure is often not consistent and faulty, research is difficult and quality control is not possible. One solution to this problem is the computerized patient record. It contains all necessary data beginning with the first medical statements and ending with the final results of treatment. At any time and from any with the system connected computer terminal it allows immediate access to all medical records. In addition to medical information also administrative data are stored. The here presented system of a computerized medical record has proven to be an effective tool in the daily work as well for clinical, administrative and research tasks.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Boogenic human diseases].

Basing on observations from practice and clinic, a survey is given (in two tables) concerning the disturbances of human health due to the handling of cattle, and their causes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Indications for roentgenologic diagnosis of the colon in gynecology].

X-ray barium-enema examination of the colon recently is an established method in gynecology performed as differential or spreading diagnosis. In 276 patients the results of 291 barium-enema examinations have been analysed retrospectively. The radiographic findings correlate 279 times with the intraoperative and histologic diagnoses (165 correct nonpathologic and 114 correct pathologic). On the basis of the obtained correct and false diagnoses, common indications for using irrigoscopy in gynecology have been suggested. In this context, abdominal and/or vaginal sonography as well as sigmoidoscopy are suitable methods which should be applicated compulsorily before radiologic examination of the colon in women suffering from gynecologic diseases.

Adult↗