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W Duncan

Publications and source records attributed to W Duncan.

131 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Kingston, Jamaica: 1990-1991.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gonococcal infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have spread into many geographic areas and have increased in prevalence since the mid 1970s. Surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant gonococcal strains of Jamaica from 1981 to 1983 indicated that fewer than 3% of strains of produced beta-lactamase (penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae); approximately 4% of strains were resistant to penicillin, and 12% were resistant to tetracycline. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To measure the frequency and nature of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Kingston, Jamaica, from 1990 to 1991 and to assess the effectiveness of prescribed treatment regimens. STUDY DESIGN: Urethral isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 116 heterosexual men with uncomplicated gonorrhea, representing 7.1% (116/1633) men attending the STD Comprehensive Health Centre from October 1990 through March 1991 who had positive Gram-stained smears, were characterized by auxotype, serovar, presence of the TetM determinant, and plasmid content. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to penicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin were determined by an agar dilution method. RESULTS: A total of 80.2% (93/116) of the isolates exhibited plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both: penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (13/116; 11.2%), tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (25/116; 21.6%), and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, (55/116;47.4%). Isolates with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, accounted for 5.2% (6/116) of the isolates. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae belonging to multiple auxotype/serovar classes were isolated repeatedly through the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibiting plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, have become prevalent and endemic in Kingston, Jamaica. Therefore, all gonococcal infections should be treated with antimicrobial therapies known to be active against penicillin-resistant and tetracycline-resistant organisms to reduce gonorrhea transmission.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of blood lactate clearance following maximal swimming. Effect of velocity of recovery swimming.

Swimming is an endurance-intensive sport resulting in accumulation of lactate. Repeat performances are often necessary in championship events. Lactate produced during a maximal effort requires time to metabolize to a base level. If this does not occur, performance in a repeat effort may be impaired. Thus, techniques to enhance lactate clearance are of potential benefit to the athlete. We have demonstrated previously that swimming at 65% of maximum velocity significantly improved lactate clearance over passive resting. This study tested the effect of various swimming velocities on lactate clearance. Following a maximal swim, blood lactate clearance was tracked during a 15 minute cool down swim. Velocities of 55%, 65%, and 75% of maximum were tested. The results confirmed that cool down swimming will return lactate values to near resting levels in the test interval. However, statistical superiority of any of the test velocities was not demonstrated. The intensity of the swim should be below the lactate accumulation level. The 65% of maximum velocity was felt by all swimmers to be most comfortable and is a good target velocity for the athlete to reference.

Anaerobic Threshold↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in a neonatal intensive care setting is safe and cost effective.

The physiological and biochemical status of two groups of neonates with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring surgical ligation were compared. One group (n = 14) had ductus ligation in the operating room (OR) and the other group (n = 14) had the same operation in an isolation room in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The groups were closely matched in terms of gestational age and weight. Nursing time and disposable equipment savings were significantly different. We have confirmed that PDA ligation can be done safely in the NICU and is more cost efficient than ligation in the OR.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗