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Biomedical subjects

W Droese

Publications and source records attributed to W Droese.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Energy and nutrient supply during childhood. V. Iron intake (author's transl)].

The iron intake of 2--14 year old children living at home is reported. The iron intake of 2--3 year old boys amounts to 7.5 +/- 1.2 mg/day, of girls to 7.1 +/- 1.3 mg/day. The iron intake increases to 13.0 +/- 2.4 mg/day in 12--14 year old boys and to 11.6 +/- 1.6 mg/day in girls. The iron content of the food is 4.7--5.6 mg/1,000 kcal, independent of age and sex. 1/3 of the iron comes from animal foodstuffs, 2/3 from vegetable foodstuffs. After an observation period of at least 4 weeks 50% of the observed children reached their individual mean iron intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum iron in healthy infants and children aged 1 month to 16 years (author's transl)].

10,126 determinations of hemoglobin concentration, 10,055 of hematocrit and 4,420 of serum iron were performed in 7,753 infants and children aged 1 month to 16 years to give normal values for this period in a large town. Both, concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased during the 3rd and 8th month. The first decrease in serum iron level appeared later in month 4, the time of the second fall was identical with that of hemoglobin and hematocrit. In females, a third decrease of iron levels appeared with 13 years. Between the 2nd and 8th year of life, a period of instable iron nutriture became apparent. Concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit as well as serum iron depend on age. 0.4% of males and females showed a deficient concentration of hemoglobin. 2.9% of males and 1.1% of females had a low, nonacceptable hemoglobin value. Iron deficiency occurred in 8.5% of males and in 8.3% of females. It is probable that the number of children with a pre-latent or latent iron deficiency is much higher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Remarks concerning the treatment of hyperkinetic children with the so-called "diet poor in phosphate (author's transl)].

Compared with normal diets, the so-called "diet poor in phosphate" is really not poor in phosphate. Phosphate intake amounts only to 3% when ingested as food stuffs with phosphate additions permitted by law. The so-called "diet poor in phosphate" is poor in carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ascorbic acid. Animal proteins and fats, however, are high in this diet there by increasing the cholesterol intake. We cannot recommend this so-called "diet poor in phosphate" for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Nutrition in preschool and school age (author's transl)].

The results of energy and nutrient consumption surveys of 2--14 year old children in their families are described. It is shown that the average energy and nutrient consumption of an age-group is not obligatory for a single child. Based on menus the amount of the different foodstuffs for the average energy and nutrient supply of preschool and schoolchildren is demonstrated. Children receive on average, independent of their socio-economic background, a mixed diet which, in our present knowledge, guarantees a good supply with energy and nutrients. The risk factors in the modern trend in nutrition, as increasing consumption of skimmed milk and skimmed dairy products, carbohydrate rich foodstuffs of low biological value and sweetened drinks are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Longitudinal growth data of development of weight, height, skinfold thickness, head-, chest- and abdominal circumferences in healthy children (author's transl)].

From 1974--1977 anthropometric investigations were performed in 173 healthy infants during the first year of life. Weight, height, skinfold thickness, head-, chest-, and abdominal circumferences had been measured as parameters for growth. Birth weight increased ceased threefold on 12th month in males only. There is no difference in the increase of height in males and females. Width of skinfold thickness increases rapidly until month 5, except abdominal skinfold. A radual decrease follows thereafter. The difference in decreasing velocity of skinfold thickness indicates changes in distribution of subcutaneous fat tissue during infancy. Growth of head-, chest-, and abdominal circumferences of males are similar to that of females.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

[Energy and nutrient supply during childhood. II. Protein supply (author's transl)].

The protein supply of 2--14 year old children in their families is reported. The food intake was measured with the precise weighing method. The protein intake amounts to 38 +/- 7 g/day (2.3 g/kg/day) for the 2--3 year old boys, 69 +/- 10 g/day (1.8 g/kg/day) for the 12--14 year old boys. The protein intake of girls, absolute and per kg bodyweight, averages 10% less. Protein constitutes 11--12% of the energy supply, 2/3 originating from animal foodstuffs, 1/3 from vegetable foodstuffs. Milk and dairy products have a proportion of 34--41%, meat and meat products of 20%. The protein distribution among the different meals is shown. After 25 days almost all the children reach their mean value for their individual protein intake with a standard error of +/- 5%. In each age group 54--59% of the children differ in their mean protein intake from each other. The protein supply recommended for a certain age group should not be obligatory for the individual child. The protein supply of the various age groups and of the individual child is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[On additional food for young infants on commercially prepared milk formulae before the age of four months (author's transl)].

Infants often get extra food ("Beikost") in addition to their milk formula at an earlier time than recommended in text-books of pediatrics. The dangers connected with such feeding practices, i.e. insufficient protein and calcium supply and an overnutrition with carbohydrates, are pointed out. Gluten sensibilisation as a result of early feeding with milk-pap, the high content of sugar in fruit preparations, the addition of salt and the nitrate content of vegetables are discussed. A better label of the composition for industrially prepared "Beikost" is recommended. There exists no nutritional or psychological reason to start with "Beikost" before the 4th month of life for infants fed on industrially prepared milk formulae with added vitamines and minerals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Nitrate content of carrots in baby formulas (author's transl)].

The nitrate content of carrots and of commercial processed carrot formulas for infants was examined. Fresh and canned carrots were found to contain between 40 and 850 mg NO3/kg carrot. Processed infant foods made of carrots contained between 55 and 215 mg NO3/kg of the ready-to-serve food. It is suggested not to recommend household preparation of carrots for healthy and diseases infants during their first months of life. It is questioned whether the legal limit of 250 mg NO3/kg is really safe for carrot preparations used in feeding infants during their first months of life.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Total hydroxyproline in urine of 4 to 6 year-old children--an investigation on its relationship to growth and nutrition.

We analysed over a period of 30-32 days the daily total hydroxyproline and creatinine excretine in urine from 9 healthy, normally fed 4 to 6 year-old children (2 girls, 7 boys). The average urinary hydroxyproline excretion was 45.6 mg/24 hr, with a coefficient of variation of 25.6%. Urinary hydroxyproline for individual children showed distinct differences from day to day, which were independent of urine volume. There were significant differences between the mean values for urine hydroxyproline in individual children, which were independent of age. The average creatinine in urine was 346/24 hr with a coefficient of variation of 17.7%. The hydroxyproline-index did not define the nutritional state of these normally developed children on a normal diet. Dietary hydroxyproline contributed 7.4% to the total urinary hydroxyproline in our investigation. There was a close correlation between urine hydroxyproline excretion and growth velocity in each child.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Energy and nutrient supply during childhood. I. Food intake and energy supply (author's transl)].

From 1965--1975 the food intake and energy supply of children aged 2--14 years in families of different social classes were studied with the precise weighing method. The individual child was surveyed on an average of 21--42 successive days. Energy intake increased from 1450 for boys aged 2--3 years to 2600 kcal/day for boys aged 12--14 years, girls of the same age had an energy intake between 1300 to 2400 kcal/day. The differences between boys and girls regarding energy intake, absolute and per kg body weight, are shown. Our results of the energy intake are representative for children of the same age groups in other highly industrialized countries. The energy intake of preschool-children was equally distributed among 4 meals per day, whereas in school-children it was distributed among 5 meals with different energy contents. 35--50% of the energy supply is of animal origin, 60--65% of vegetable origin. The contribution of different food groups to the energy supply and the differences in the intake of these food groups between pre-school-and school-children are demonstrated. For the individual child a survey period of 21--28 days is necessary to obtain its individual average energy intake with the maximum standard deviation. The significance of general averages for the energy supply of age groups regarding the individual child is discussed. The day to day variations of energy intake in children are shown. The significance of these variations for nutrition in health and disease is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Questions to the supply of young infants with fat and fatty acids. II. Fat content and fatty acid pattern in milk formulae for healthy infants in the first 6 months of life.

The fat content and the fatty acid pattern were analyzed in 30 commercially prepared milk formulae for healthy infants in the fisrt 6 months of life. We found an average fat content of 3.4 g or 3.6 g/100 ml in "partly adapted" and "adapted" milk formulae, between 1.4 g and 3.3 g/100 ml in "not defined" milk formulae. We regard a fat content lower than 3.0 g/100 ml and more than 4.0 g/100 ml as not advisable. In most milk formulae the ratio of saturated: unsaturated fatty acids is similar to the ratio in human milk fat. This ratio is obtained from a mixture of cow's milk fat with vegetable oils or by a mixture of various vegetable fats. The difference in the fatty acid pattern between the milk formulae and the fatty acid pattern in mature human milk are demonstrated and discussed. The tolerance of milk formulae for young infants is not influenced in an unfavorable manner by butyic acid. A high portion of lauric acid in mild formulae seems undesirable. The importance of the position of palmitic acid in the triglycerides of milk formulae for infants is discussed, and it is referred to the advantage of a mixture of cow's milk fat with vegetable fats. A linoleic acid content of 3 kcal% in the minimum and 7 kcal% in the maximum in milk formulae for infants is regarded as advisable.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Lipic content and fatty acid pattern in human milk and cow's milk (author's transl)].

The lipid content and the fatty acid pattern in human colostrum, transitional and mature molk and in pasteurised cow's milk and in "Vorzugsmilch" (special untreated milk) were investigated. The analyses were done in pooled daily milk of 15-20 women to archieve representative mean values for human milk. The lipid content amounted to 1.87 g/100 ml in human colostrum, 2.82 g/100 ml in transitional mild and 3.45 g/100 ml in mature human milk. The increase of lipid content during lactation is attributed to maturation of the milk and is not influenced by maternal diet. During maturation of human milk decreases the portion of the unsaturated fatty acids from 57 to 53%, the portion of saturated fatty acids increases accordingly from 43 to 47%. The decrease of the unsaturated fatty acids is mainly due to the decrease of oleic acid while the portion of linoleic acid increases from 10.8 to 12.0%. In the same duration the linoleic acid portion of the energy content of human milk increases there with from 3.3 keal % in colostrum to 5.6 kcal % in mature human milk. Lipid content and fatty acid pattern of pasteurised cow's milk and "Vorzugsmilch" were compared with the corresponding values in human milk. The importance of the differences in lipid content and fatty acid pattern of human milk and cow's milk for the nutrition of healthy young infants is discussed.

Animals↗