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Biomedical subjects

W Bender

Publications and source records attributed to W Bender.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Psychodrama versus patient club activity (leisure group): effects of a 25 hours group psychotherapy with psychiatric patients (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: The effects of psychodramatherapy versus patient club activity group is compared in a controlled study with psychiatric patients in a period of two month (8 times a three hour session per week). SAMPLE: 22 patients (11 patients psychodramatherapy (PD); 11 patients patient club activity (PCA)). Diagnoses: neuroses, subacute psychoses. Patients were matched according to age, sex and syndrome (resp. diagnoses). Applied tests: semistandardized interview with formulation of personal therapeutic goals, personality tests (Giessen, MMPI), mood scales (EWL, Bf-S v. Zerssen, 100 mml line), psychopathology (AMP 3/interview), social adjustment (SAF). Testing periods: before beginning with PD and PCA, attendant to therapy, after therapy, follow up (three month after end oftherapy). RESULTS: it was advantageous to have both psychotic and neurotic patients in the same therapy group. In the course of psychodramatherapy and patient club activity there was an improvement with a regressive trend to baseline after end of therapy. PD in comparison to PCA appeared to be more effective in the improvement of some psychiatric relevant personality dimensions, in the improvement of psychopathology, in reaching the personal therapeutic goals and in a positive opinion of therapy. A psychodramatherapy lasting two month seems revealed to be more attractive and to have more therapeutic efficacy than a patient club activity group. Because of the instability of some effects a more prolonged therapy period is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Creatine kinase and creatine isoenzyme activities in newborn. Development of the organ-typical isoenzyme pattern during the fetal period (author's transl)].

The activity of the creatine kinase isoenzyme was measured in the serum of 133 healthy newborn. In contrast to the conditions in the adult, a normal range of 0-45 U/1 was found. No creatine kinase BMB activities were established. The increased creatine kinase-MB activities in newborn could be explained by means of an examination of the creatine kinase isoenzyme pattern in the skeleton muscle of foetuses and newborn. Depending upon the gestation age, creatine kinase-MB activity levels were found amounting to as much as a multiple of ten of the adult levels. Due to the deviation of the creatine kinase isoenzyme distribution in the organ tissue of newborn, identified in this study for the first time, creatine kinase-MB activity seems to be unsuitable as an indicator of myocardial damage during the neonatal period.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1979

[Creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB: determination of normal values and values for myocardial infarct, using the new, optimized method with N-acetyl cysteine as the activator (author's transl)].

Preliminary results are reported for the determination of creatine kinase and its isoenzyme MB in healthy individuals and in patients with acute, transmural myocardial infarct, using N-acetyl cysteine as the activator of the enzyme. In healthy individuals, the upper normal limit for creatine kinase activity was 54 U/l; the decision level for the presence of creatine kinase MB activity 9 U/l. The limiting values were only slightly different from those for the GSH-activated creatine kinase, and the results with the old and new methods showed a linear relationship with a slope of 1.0. The differences in the activation of creatine kinase MM by GSH and by N-acetyl cysteine are discussed; the activities obtained for creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB by the GSH-activation method cannot simply be recalculated to give the appropriate values of the N-acetyl cysteine activation method.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1978

Multiple, heterogeneous actin genes in Dictyostelium.

We have used an actin gene-containing restriction fragment of plasmid M6 (Kindle and Firtel, 1978) to select a second actin gene-containing plasmid which we have named pDd actin 2. This plasmid has been shown to contain two actin genes separated by 350 bp of nonactin DNA. When heteroduplexes are formed between any two of the three actin genes present in chimeric plasmids, the region of homology is 1100 +/- 100 bp. This is close to the minimum length required to code for actin protein. The 1100 bp region of intergene homology corresponds to the 1100 bp homology observed between M6 and the two actin cDNA plasmids pcDd actin B1 and pcDd actin A1 (Bender et al., 1978). We have no evidence for additional sequences common to either the 3' or 5' ends of the 1100 +/- 100 bp region of intergene homology. Thermal denaturation experiments show that different pairs of actin genes are diverged from each other by as much as 6--8%. There are two size classes of mRNA complementary to the three actin genes. These have lenghts of 1.25 and 1.35 kb as determined on methyl mercuric hydroxide-containing agarose gels. The possible linkage of these three actin genes to other actin genes is discussed.

Actins↗
PubMed1978

Structure of 50 to 70S RNA from Moloney sarcoma viruses.

The 50 to 70S RNAs of two clonal isolates of defective Moloney sarcoma-leukemia helper virus complex were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The RNAs extracted from both clone 3 and clone 124-5R of Moloney sarcoma-leukemia virus complex contained some large monomer subunits ca. 10,000 nucleotides in length (10 kilobases), which are believed to be the Moloney leukemia virus subunits. Both RNAs had an excess of a smaller, sarcoma-specific subunit, 5 kilobases (clone 3) or 6 kilobases (clone 124-5R) in length. Electron microscopy of intact 50 to 70S dimer RNA molecules showed for both clones many dimers of two small subunits, some dimers of two large subunits, but few if any heterodimers with one large and one small subunit. This result was unexpected because the sequences near the 5'end of the RNA subunits, which are believed to be involved in the dimer linkage, are probably homologous between the large and small subunits. We also observed that some small-small dimers migrated anomalously slowly on nondenaturing gels. The nature of this slow-migrating complex is unkown; it could be a higher aggregate of the small-small dimer with additional small or large subunits, or it could be an extended conformation of the small-small dimer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

High-molecular-weight RNAs of AKR, NZB, and wild mouse viruses and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus all have similar dimer structures.

Several 50 to 70S tumor viral RNAs have previously been shown by electron microscopy to be dimers, with the two monomer subunits joined near their 5' ends. Five additional naturally occurring type C RNA tumor viruses have now been examined: AKR, and endogenous murine ecotropic virus; NZB, an endogenous murine xenotropic virus; and ecotropic and an amphotropic virus isolated from a wild mouse; and the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). All five 50 to 70S RNAs have similar 5'-to-5' dimer structures. Therefore, the observations support the hypothesis that the dimer linkage is a structural feature common to all type C mammalian viruses. REV is the first example of an avian virus with a clear 5'-to 5' dimer linkage. All of the mammalian viral RNAs, but not REV, showed symmetrically placed loops in each subunit of the dimer. Possible molecular structures and biological functions of the dimer linkages and loops are discussed.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1976

Mapping of poly(A) sequences in the electron microscope reveals unusual structure of type C oncornavirus RNA molecules.

We have synthesized a convenient electron microscope label for mapping poly(A) sequences. Short lengths of poly(dT) are polymerized onto nicked circular SV40 DNA with the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. An RNA or DNA molecule of interest is treated with glyoxal, hybridized briefly with the poly(dT) circles, and spread for microscopy; poly(A) stretches are clearly marked because they are attached to the poly(dT) on the easily recognized SV40 duplex circles. The RNAs of several type C oncornaviruses were examined by this method. The endogenous feline virus(RD-114), the endogenous baboon virus (BKD), and the woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WoMV) all contain a dimer of RNA subunits held together in a central secondary structure feature we call the dimer linkage structure. Both ends distal to the dimer linkage structure hybridize to the SV40-poly(dT). Assuming both poly(A)s are on the 3' ends of the subunits and that both subunits are identical, the two identical subunits are held together by interactions between sequences close to the 5' ends.

Avian Sarcoma Viruses↗
PubMed1976

RD-114, baboon, and woolly monkey viral RNA's compared in size and structure.

The molecular weights, subunit compositions, and secondary structure patterns of the RNAs from an endogenous baboon virus and from a woolly monkey sarcoma virus were examined and compared to the properties of the RNA of RD-114, an endogenous feline virus. The high molecular weight RNA extracted from each of these three viruses has a sedimentation coefficient of 52S, and a molecular length, measured by electron microscopy, of 16-20 kb (kb=kilobase, 1000 nucleotides). Each such RNA is a dimer, containing two monomer subunits of 8-10 kb in length (molecular weight 3 X 10(6) daltons). The two monomer subunits are joined at their non-poly(A) ends in a structure called the dimer linkage structure. The appearance of this structure is somewhat different for the different viruses. The dimer linkage dissociates at temperature estimated to be 87 degrees C in aqueous 0.1M Na+ for RD-114 and baboon viral RNAs, but at the lower temperature of 66 degrees C for woolly monkey RNA. All three viral RNAs have two large loops of similar size and position symmetrically placed on either side of the dimer linkage structure. Since the baboon virus is partially related to RD-114, and the woolly monkey virus is unrelated to either of the other two, the dimer linkage and symmetrical loops are surprisingly similar and may well be common features of type C virus RNAs.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1976

Size, subunit composition, and secondary structure of the Friend virus genome.

Electron microscope and gel electrophoresis studies show that the high-molecular-weight (50 to 70S) RNA extract from Friend virus (FV) is a dimer with the same basic structure previously observed for the RNAs from RD-114 virus, baboon virus, and woolly monkey virus. This observation greatly strengthens the inference that the dimer structure is a general characteristic of the RNAs of all mammalian type C viruses. The FV dimer is slightly less stable than the RNA dimer of woolly monkey virus, which is, in turn, much less stable than those of RD-114 and baboon virus. There are three FV monomer components, small (S), medium (M), and large (L), with molecular lengths of 6.7 +/- 0.6, 7.7 +/- 0.6, and 9.5 +/- 0.6 kilobases, respectively. There are approximately equal amounts of the S and M components and much less of the L component. Most of the dimers are homodimers (SS, MM, and LL). The frequency of heterodimers (SM, SL, ML) is much less than expected for a random assortment model.

Friend murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1976

[Criteria of the efficacy of therapeutic measures in alcoholic delirium. Study on the effectiveness of aprotinin in alcoholic delirium].

30 patients with delirium tremens were given in a double-blind trial--beside the basic treatment with chlormethiazol (Distraneurin)--aprotinin (Trasylol) or placebo. Duration of the delirium and the amount of chlormethiazol used were the criteria for successful treatment. It was shown that the additional application of aprotinin did neither shorten significantly the duration of the delirium not save the amount of chlormethiazol used. Methodologically, special attention was given to the question of duration of the delirium and of registering symptoms. A delirium-rating scale was devised and its analysis showed a good randomization of the items. One main question was as to what extent the individual items were good indicators of a delirium. An item intercorrelation showed that there were two clusters of symptoms: psychological and sympathetic nervous system symptoms. It could be shown that the items 'consciousness, orientation, hallucinations and short-term memory' were good indicators of the delirium, while items of the autonomous nervous system, as tremor of hands and body, facial muscular twitching and exteroceptive reflexes, were less indicative of delirium. The duration of the delirium seems to be the best criterion for the question as to whether a drug is effective or not in delirium tremens. There is a highly significant correlation between the degree of the severity of the delirium and its duration. Other significant predictors for the severity of the delirium were the maximal pulse rate and change in blood pressure. Age, duration of alcoholism and psychological or physical depravation showed no influence on the duration of the delirium.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent sotalol on CNS: sleep, EEG, and psychophysiological parameters.

Sotalol (Sotalex), 320 or 960 mg, was administered to 12 healthy subjects daily for a period of four days in a double-blind trial over 11 days. The effects of sotalol on heart rate, blood pressure, EEG, subjective quality of sleep, polygraphically determined sleep pattern, and psychophysiological parameters such as psychomotor performance, memory, perception, vigilance, and general condition were studied and were related to dosage and plasma levels. Steady-state plasma levels of sotalol were reached within 24 hours after a single dose; 960 mg resulted in plasma levels three times higher than those reached with 320 mg, which indicates first-order linear absorption. The effects of sotalol on EEG, sleep, and performance in psychological tests were equivocal and do not yield evidence for CNS activity of sotalol.

Adolescent↗