Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Barendse.
A polymorphism was identified in the bovine PIT1 gene by digesting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with the restriction enzyme HinfI. This polymorphism was segregating in five diverse breeds of cattle. PIT1 was sublocalized to the centromeric region of bovine chromosome 1 by linkage analysis.
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A panel of 81 new polymorphic bovine microsatellite markers is described, together with further information on a previously reported group of 16 markers. The mean polymorphism information content of the 97 markers determined in 20 cattle was 0.66. Seventy-three of these markers have been assigned to chromosomes by either linkage analysis or use of hybrid cell panels. Thirty-nine of the markers were polymorphic in sheep, and 32 were polymorphic in goat. This study identified a set of 18 robust markers that were polymorphic in all three species and that covered 14 bovine chromosomes. This provides a single group of markers, which would be suited to genetic distance analysis and parentage control in cattle, sheep and goat.
A polymorphism was identified in the bovine growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene by digesting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with the restriction enzyme Alul. Two alleles were segregating in cattle of Bos indicus descent, but one allele appears to be fixed in Bos taurus cattle. GHR was localized to bovine chromosome 20 using bovine-rodent hybrid cell lines and linkage analysis.
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A mutation causing muscular hypertrophy, with associated leanness and improved feed efficiency, has been recently identified in domestic sheep (Ovis aries). Preliminary results indicate that an autosomal dominant gene may be responsible for this economically advantageous trait. We have exploited the conservation in sequence and chromosomal location of DNA markers across Bovidae to map the corresponding callipyge locus to ovine chromosome 18 using a battery of bovine chromosome 21 markers. Chromosomal localization of the ovine callipyge locus is the first step toward positional cloning of the corresponding gene.
A minisatellite sequence (RD1613) was isolated from a bovine cosmid genomic library and its chromosomal location determined in cattle and sheep. In cattle, somatic cell hybrid panel analysis assigned RD1613 to the syntenic group U10 with a concordancy of 100%. In situ hybridization placed RD1613 onto bovine chromosome 1 in the region of bands q36-qter. This is the first in situ localization to chromosome 1 in cattle and allows the provisional assignment of syntenic group U10 to this chromosome. It was also found that RD1613 hybridized strongly to sheep genomic DNA. In situ hybridization localized RD1613 to sheep chromosome 1q36-qter, which is consistent with homology between cattle chromosome 1 and sheep chromosome 1q. The RD1613 probe detects a polymorphic single locus marker (designated D1S1) in both cattle and sheep and will be very useful in linkage studies.
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms are used widely in the construction of linkage maps in many species. High levels of polymorphism coupled with the ease of analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have resulted in this type of maker being one of the most widely used for genetic analysis. In this paper we describe 58 polymorphic bovine microsatellites that were isolated from insert size selected bovine genomic libraries. Primer sequences, number of alleles, and heterozygosity levels in cattle reference families are reported. Chromosomal locations for 47 of these microsatellites as well as for 7 previously described systems derived from entries in the Genbank or EMBL databases have been determined. The markers map to 24 syntenic or chromosomal locations. Polymorphic bovine microsatellites were estimated to occur, on average, every 320 kb, and there is no evidence of clustering in the genome. Thirty of the bovine-derived microsatellite systems gave specific and polymorphic products in sheep, adding to the number of useful markers in that species.
A cattle genetic linkage map was constructed which marks about 90% of the expected length of the cattle genome. Over 200 DNA polymorphisms were genotyped in cattle families which comprise 295 individuals in full sibling pedigrees. One hundred and seventy-one loci were found linked to one other locus. Twenty nine of the 30 chromosome pairs are represented by at least one of the 36 linkage groups. Less than a 50 cM difference was found in the male and female genetic maps. The conserved loci on this map show as many differences in gene order compared to humans as is found between humans and mice. The conservation is consistent with the patterns of karyotypic evolution found in the rodents, primates and artiodactyls. This map will be important for localizing quantitative trait loci and provides a basis for further mapping.
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