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Biomedical subjects

W B Martin

Publications and source records attributed to W B Martin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Role of CD4+ (helper) T cells in the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus myocarditis.

Murine cytomegalovirus causes diffuse myocardial lesions in immunologically intact young adult male BALB/cBy mice. The cardiac changes develop in and around the small penetrating blood vessels of the heart where perivascular and interstitial infiltrates of macrophages and lymphocytes accumulate. Focal lesions of the coronary vessels and the endocardium also appear. When infected mice are depleted of CD4+ T lymphocytes, myocardial lesions fail to develop even though virus replication in the heart is enhanced. Contrary wise, when CD4+ cells are adoptively transferred into infected, thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow-repleted mice, focal perivascular necrotizing lesions of the heart develop. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes fails to influence virus replication and the development of cardiac lesions. Endothelial and endocardial cells appear to be major sites of virus replication in the heart. Delayed hypersensitivity is hypothesized to be the mechanism of cardiac injury in this model system.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Murine cytomegalovirus myocarditis.

Murine cytomegalovirus infects a variety of organs after inoculation into adult male mice. We have established a model of myocarditis in which focal lesions from adjacent to virus-infected endothelial cells. The development of the myocarditis is mediated by CD4+ helper T cells. The lesions fail to develop when these cells are eliminated from the animal by administration of a specific monoclonal antibody. Alternatively, repletion of thymectomized, irradiated and bone-marrow reconstituted animals with CD4+ cells results in myocarditis. The evidence, although incomplete, suggests that a delayed hypersensitivity response is the pathogenetic mechanism involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A serological comparison of some animal herpesviruses.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) isolates (Cooper-type strain 4975 and Oxford) were compared in neutralization tests with the bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) isolate (85/16 TV) and the herpesviruses of red deer (D2839/1) and goats (E/CH). Hyperimmune antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the plaque-selected viruses and endpoint and kinetic neutralization test were made. BHV-4 was clearly different from the other four viruses. The closely-related BHV-1 strains were also related in these tests to the red deer herpesvirus. The Oxford strain seemed rather closer antigenically than the Cooper-type strain to the red deer herpesvirus. Antiserum to the caprine herpesvirus failed to neutralize either BHV-1 strain or red deer virus, but antiserum to the Cooper-type and red deer herpesviruses did neutralize caprine virus to a limited extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Planar positron imaging of rubidium-82 for myocardial infarction: a comparison with thallium-201 and regional wall motion.

Rubidium-82 (Rb-82) is a generator-produced, short half-life (76 seconds) positron emitting potassium analog. Using a mobile gamma camera equipped with a rotating tungsten collimator and high-energy shielding, we examined the use of Rb-82 in the coronary care unit and clinical laboratory for detection of perfusion defects due to myocardial infarction. We studied 31 subjects, 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 12 with remote myocardial infarction, and nine controls. Rb-82 images were compared with Tl-201 and regional wall motion for detection of infarct-related arteries. Of the 22 patients with myocardial infarction, 16 were identified with Rb-82 and Tl-201. In nine control subjects, eight were normal with each method. Correlation between Rb-82 and Tl-201 defect scores was excellent. Sensitivity and specificity for infarct-related arteries were similar for Rb-82, Tl-201, and wall motion imaging. Thus planar Rb-82 imaging can detect MI reliably in the coronary care unit and in the clinical laboratory.

Coronary Care Units↗
PubMed1988

Combined bone marrow and gallium imaging. Differentiation of osteomyelitis and infarction in sickle hemoglobinopathy.

The clinical records and scintigrams of patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy who underwent combined Tc-99m bone marrow imaging and Ga-67 imaging to differentiate osteomyelitis from bony infarction were reviewed. Of 18 paired examinations in 15 patients, osteomyelitis was diagnosed correctly in six cases; in all six, gallium uptake at the symptomatic site was incongruently increased relative to the bone marrow activity. Of the 12 episodes of infarction, 11 showed congruent activity on both Tc-99m and Ga-67 images. The remaining study was interpreted incorrectly as osteomyelitis due to incongruent Tc-99m and Ga-67 uptake. The use of sequential Tc-99m bone marrow and Ga-67 imaging is an effective means of distinguishing osteomyelitis from bony infarction in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate in staging of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity.

We performed a retrospective study of sixty patients who had a soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity to determine the usefulness of scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate as a staging modality. Abnormal activity of the gallium was present in forty-one of forty-eight sites in which there was macroscopic primary tumor. In six of the forty-eight patients, the imaging demonstrated non-pulmonary metastases that had not been detected by any other staging studies. Scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate should be employed routinely for staging of soft-tissue sarcomas because of its utility in detecting non-pulmonary metastases that are not otherwise detected on routine staging studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effect of previous thoracic surgery on gallium uptake in the chest.

To determine the frequency, average duration, and characteristic patterns of persistent gallium uptake caused by thoracotomy, serial postsurgical scans of 51 patients were reviewed. In each of these cases a thoracotomy had been performed for resection of lung cancer, and there had been no evidence of recurrent tumor for at least 2 yr following surgery. Postoperative gallium activity due to non-neoplastic postoperative changes occurred in 15 patients. Five of six patients scanned within 3 mo of surgery and six of 21 scanned 3 to 6 mo following surgery showed persistent uptake at the operative site. All 13 patients who had subsequent scans demonstrated eventual clearing. Activity persisted more than 18 mo postoperatively in only one patient. Patterns of gallium accumulation included both focal chest wall uptake at the incision site and diffuse pleural activity.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

Latent infection of cattle with bovid herpesvirus 2.

In a series of experiments, 10 calves were infected by different routes with bovine mammillitis strain of bovid herpesvirus 2 (BHV2). Nine of the calves developed lesions and BHV2 was isolated from 8 calves. At intervals, after clinical recovery, the calves were given a course of corticosteroid by intravenous injection. Subsequently 7 calves developed lesions and from 3 calves BHV2 was reisolated. The shortest interval between initial infection and reisolation of virus was 10 weeks. In one calf virus was recovered on 3 occasions, at intervals of 20, 44 and 74 weeks post-infection. It is probable that BHV2 can occur as a latent infection in calves and that BHV2 should be included among the herpesviruses known to remain latent.

Animals↗