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Biomedical subjects

W Ahmed

Publications and source records attributed to W Ahmed.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gastric ulcer in Karachi.

Of 138 endoscopically or surgically confirmed cases of gastric ulcer, 102 (74%) were males and 36 (26%) females. Both sexes were affected most commonly in the 6th decade of life. Pain, vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding were the major presenting symptoms, with a median duration of 6 months. Cigarette smoking was the most common (44%) addiction and 10% were on analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Family history of ulcer was uncommon (2%) and no predilection for any blood group was noted. Among males 53% were skilled workers while 94% of females were housewives. Forty five percent patients were migrants from India and the rest belonged to different provinces of Pakistan. Presentation and behaviour of different sites of gastric ulcers though varied but the results were not significant. Healing rates with H2 receptor antagonists were 33% at 4 weeks and 78% at 8 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Portal vein thrombosis following sclerotherapy.

We present the case of a woman with idiopathic portal hypertension who underwent sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. She had a rebleed 27 months after complete eradication of esophageal varices. Endoscopy showed bleeding gastric varices. Ultrasonography, and later splenoportography, revealed a large thrombus in the right branch of the portal vein causing gross dilation of the portal and splenic vein. A proximal splenorenal shunt was done to decompress the portal system and hence gastric varices. Repeat endoscopy 4 weeks after surgery revealed complete disappearance of the gastric varices, while ultrasonography at 38 weeks showed marked decompression of the portal system with complete disappearance of the thrombus from the right branch of the portal vein. No new thrombus formation was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Spectroscopic observation of solvent interaction with selected retinal Schiff bases.

Iodide salts of several N-retinylidenedialkylamines were prepared and their UV-VIS spectra recorded. Their lambda max values increased as the number of hydrogen atoms on the carbons alpha to nitrogen increased. In separate experiments, iodide salts of N-retinylidene-n-butylammonium (1) and N-retinylidene-n-butylmethylammonium (2) were prepared, and their excitation energies (delta E) were measured in selected solvents of varying dielectric constant (epsilon). Data from each compound gave a straight line which converged at epsilon = 0. On the other hand, when delta E values of the iodide and bromide of 2 were plotted vs solvent epsilon, parallel rather than convergent lines were obtained. When lambda max values of 1 and 2 were measured in a greater number of solvents, the solvents fell into four main groups. The first group, regular solvents, are rigid, have fixed dipoles, neither donate nor accept H-bonds, and the delta E of 1 and 2 decreases linearly as solvent epsilon increases. This line for 2 is taken as a standard against which other solvents are judged. A second class of solvents that are good H-bond donors like CHCl3, whose dipole moment coincides with the C-H bond axis, is located in an area below the standard line. A third group, nucleophilic solvents like tetrahydrofuran, whose dipole moment is coincident with a strongly nucleophilic oxygen atom are good H-bond acceptors and are found above the standard line. Solvents with unpredictable spectroscopic behavior are classed as anomalous.

Bromides↗
PubMed1991

Is the vagotomy complete?

Incomplete vagotomy is the single most common cause of ulcer recurrence. Completeness of vagotomy was assessed postoperatively in 17 patients using the congo red test. Various types of vagotomies included truncal vagotomy and gastrojejenostomy in 6, highly selective vagotomy in 5, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 3 and selective vagotomy with gastrojejenostomy in 3 cases. Congo red test was positive in 13 cases, with 9 of these showing evidence of incomplete vagotomy manifesting as erosions, duodenitis, stomal ulceration or ulcer recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Oesophageal changes in oral submucous fibrosis using fibreoptic endoscopy--a pilot study.

Thirty patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) underwent fibreoptic upper G.I. endoscopy and oesophageal biopsy from 20 cms to see if any correlation is found between visual and histological changes in OSMF and oesophageal mucosa. On endoscopy, the colour of oesophageal mucosa was normal in 28 and whitish pale in 2 cases. On endoscopy mucosa felt stiff and fibrotic in 19, leathery in 4, firm/gritty in 2 and normal in 5 cases. The biopsies were difficult to take in most cases yielding small tissue samples on repeated attempts. On histology most of the samples consisted of only a few layers of hyperplastic epithelium with lamina propria and submucosa being absent in all samples. Good correlation was found between the grade of OSMF and oesophageal changes seen on endoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Giardia lamblia in patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy.

To determine the frequency of giardiasis in patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy for dyspepsia and other upper G.I. disorders, duodenal aspirates were collected in 200 patients and simultaneous duodenal biopsies in 163 patients. Nine percent aspirates and 1.8% duodenal biopsies showed Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Giardia as a cause of dyspepsia should be considered in patients with negative endoscopy and in those who remain symptomatic inspite of adequate treatment for known upper G.I. disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Can diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori be rapid and yet sensitive?

Diagnostic accuracy of 5 tests viz., endoscopy, rapid urease, 24 hours urease, culture and histology, were evaluated in the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in 50 patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy. Endoscopic evidence of gastritis to predict H. pylori infection was 50% specific and 46% sensitive. Rapid and 24 hours urease test and culture were 100% specific when compared with histology and their sensitivity was 71%, 62% and 21% respectively. Of the three 100% specific tests, rapid urease test yields results within 15 minutes; therefore this test being easy, rapid and sensitive should be used for screening of H. pylori infection; followed by histology for further confirmation.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed1990

Association of Helicobacter pylori with acid peptic disease in Karachi.

The prevalence of H. pylori infection in 200 dyspeptic patients undergoing upper G.I. endoscopy was investigated by histology and rapid urease test. H. pylori was associated with 86% cases of chronic gastritis, 84.6% cases of duodenal ulcers and 78.5% of gastric ulcers. None of the 15 histologically normal gastric biopsies showed H. pylori.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pattern of duodenal ulcer in Karachi.

Seven hundred and twenty cases of endoscopically proven peptic ulcer were seen at PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, during the last 13 years (June 1976-June 1989). Duodenal to gastric ulcer ratio was 5:1. Duodenal ulcer was predominantly seen between 3rd and 5th decade of life, with a male to female ratio of 5. 7:1. Seventy five percent cases were skilled persons. Places of origin showed 50% to be migrants; mostly from India while the rest belonged to various provinces of Pakistan. Sixty percent patients were smokers/tobacco chewers and 3% were simultaneously taking alcohol. History of NSAID intake was present in 5% cases only. Majority (85%) of the patients presented with pain, 42% had upper G.I. bleeding, 11% perforation and 1% pyloric stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A placebo controlled trial of bismuth salicylate in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis.

In a placebo controlled prospective clinical trial of bismuth salicylate in helicobacter pylori associated gastritis, 52 adult patients were randomly allocated to treatment with bismuth salicylate or placebo. Helicobacter pylori were totally cleared in 77% patients in bismuth group but none in placebo group (P less than 0.001). Resolution of gastritis (P less than 0.001) and improvement of symptoms (P less than 0.01) were significantly better in patients where H. pylori infection cleared as compared to patients where the infection persisted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Perforated duodenal ulcer--a long term follow-up.

Retrospective analysis of 115 cases of perforated duodenal ulcer was done to determine the long term prognosis of patients managed by suture plication. Male to female ratio was 7.8:1. Males were younger than females with a median age of 35 and 50 years respectively. Highest frequency was noted in the 4th decade. Thirty-eight percent cases were smokers and 8.7% were pan/tobacco chewers. Blood group O was predominant (36.5%). Ninety-five percent perforations were in the anterior wall of the Cap and 5% prepyloric. Of the 48 (42%) cases followed, 28 (58%) relapsed during a 15 year follow-up. The cumulative relapse rate increased with the increase of follow-up period. Patients who relapsed had a longer duration of symptoms prior to perforation (P less than 0.05) than those who did not relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effective lipid lowering diets including lean meat.

The plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to two modified isoenergetic diets including meat were studied in 15 free living men with hyperlipidaemia (mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations 8.1 and 3.4 mmol/l). A reference diet (diet A, 42% energy from fat, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) 0.2) was compared with a fat reduced diet (diet B, 35% energy from fat, P:S ratio 0.5) and with a further fat modified diet supplemented with fibre (diet C, 27% energy from fat, P:S ratio 1.0). Daily intake of meat and meat products (180 g/day) was the same in each dietary period; that in diet A had a fat content typical of the average British diet, whereas that in diets B and C was based on very lean meat and meat products. During consumption of diet B the plasma cholesterol concentration fell by 8.6% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 11%. During consumption of diet C plasma cholesterol fell by 18.5% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 23.8%. Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and body weight did not change appreciably during the study. A modified diet including a moderate amount of lean meat and meat products is compatible with a reduced lipoprotein mediated risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of NiSO4 and NiCl2 as sensitizers in the guinea pig.

Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) and nickel chloride (NiCl2) were evaluated as sensitizers in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT). The highest concentrations of NiSO4 or NiCl2 used as an intradermal challenge (0.25 and 0.5%) yielded responses that were significantly different (p less than 0.05) between exposed and control guinea pigs at 24 h, and the highest concentration (0.5%) yielded significant differences (p less than 0.05) at 48 h. The responses at the 0.125% NiSO4 challenge site were significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than for controls at both 24 and 48 h. Using the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), the stimulation indices for the NiSO4- and NiCl2- exposed guinea pigs were nearly identical; however, the difference between exposed and control groups was greater for NiSO4 than for NiCl2. The results of both intradermal skin challenge and lymphocyte transformation indicated that NiSO4 may be preferable to NiCl2 in the GPMT. Because the skin test yielded statistically significant results while LTT did not, the skin test may be of more value when using these sensitizers in the GPMT.

Animals↗