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Biomedical subjects

V Zamrazil

Publications and source records attributed to V Zamrazil.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders and thyropathies in the population of District 8 in Prague].

Based on an enquiry made by means of questionnaires sent by post, implemented in 1987 in five health communities of Prague 8, anamnestic data were obtained pertaining to glycoregulation and thyropathies from 5870 respondents. Based on these data the following conclusions were reached: 1. The prevalence of known disorders of glycoregulation, without specification, is in the population of Prague 8 7.98%. The difference between men and women is not significant. The number of disorders increases with age and higher body weight. A positive relationship was confirmed with anamnestic data on the delivery of a heavy foetus in women. Also the importance of a positive thyroid or diabetic family-history was confirmed. Combination of thyroid disease (without more detailed specification) and allergic disease is frequent. Both these relationships are highly significant. Subjects with higher education and subjects born in Prague report disorders of glycoregulation significantly less frequently than other respondents. 2. The prevalence of thyropathies differs significantly in men (3.60%) and women (16.87%). Disorders increase with age but decline again in the higher age brackets. This is particularly marked in women. There is a significant relationship with the family-history and there is frequent combination with impaired glycoregulation. Combination with allergy is also frequent. In subjects with thyropathies the BMI tends towards a scatter to high and low values. No significant relationship with education, place of birth (Prague and non-Prague) nor delivery of heavy foetus was found in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of thyroid microsomal antibodies in the blood of patients with thyropathies using the ELISA method].

The authors elaborated and tested an ELISA method for the assessment of antibodies against the microsomal fraction of the human thyroid gland (Thyroid microsomal antibodies). The method is more sensitive than passive haemagglutination. The reproducibility is satisfactory, the intraassay variation coefficient is 10.7%, the interassay variation coefficient 15.4%. In a group of 282 subjects with thyropathies a positive TMAb was found in 57.8%, in a control group of 63 subjects in three instances (4.7%). The method makes it possible to assess individual classes of specific immunoglobulins--IgG in the group of 15 positive sera accounted for 78% of all immunoglobulins. The importance of IgM and IgA is less clear. The method is suited in particular for screening of autoimmune affections of the thyroid gland.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

[Increased levels of noradrenaline in hypothyroidism and its association with cardiovascular system function].

In a group of 10 athyroid subjects treated with thyroxine and triiodothyronine discontinuation of both hormones induced hypothyroidism. During its development on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day systolic time intervals, the heart rate, blood pressure and noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma level were assessed. On the 7th day of hypothyroidism an increased index of the preejection time was recorded, and its value continued to rise throughout the investigation period. A reduction of the index value of the ejection time was also observed on the 7th day and during the subsequent period the value did not change any more. A decline of the heart rate was observed on the 7th day and subsequently the frequency was stable. The index of electromechanical systole was protracted on the 28th day. The systolic blood pressure declined on the 14th day and did not change afterwards. The diastolic pressure rose on the 28th day. The noradrenaline plasma level was elevated from the 21st day of hypothyroidism, the adrenaline level did not change during the decline of thyroid function. The authors discuss the mutual relationship of changes and evaluate the impact of the rise of the noradrenaline level in hypothyroid subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Iodine status and incidence of thyropathies in the Czech population].

Based on clinical experience on the rising incidence of some thyropathies in our population, the authors examined a random sample of the Prague population. They assessed and evaluated iodinuria, the sonographic finding of the thyroid gland, the palpation finding of the thyroid and a clinical examination which comprised a detailed case-history (a questionnaire checked during the examination) and a clinical and anthropometric examination. The results indicate that iodinuria (which reflects the iodine intake) reaches the recommended optimum (above 150 micrograms iodine/l) only in 11.4% of boys, 14% men, 6.3% girls and 5.4% women. A quite inadequate intake (less than 50 g iodine/l) was recorded in 13.2% boys, 15.2% men, 17% girls and 33.1% women. When evaluating the thyroid volume, an enlarged volume is found in 20.4-58.3% and on evaluation by palpation pathological changes are found in a considerable proportion of the examined population. The findings suggest that the iodine supply of the Prague population is inadequate and the incidence of abnormal findings on the thyroid gland is high. It will be necessary to verify these findings in other random population samples from other localities. If the adverse position will be confirmed, this will call for an urgent solution, i.e. a better iodine supply of the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Manifestations and early course of type I diabetes mellitus--a decisive period from the viewpoint of controlling the further development of the disease].

The autoimmune process focused on B-cells of the islets of Langerhans and leading gradually to their destruction is latent before the manifestation of diabetic symptoms. The detection of this preclinical stage in particular in sporadic cases is in common clinical practice, due to the low prevalence of the disease in the population and pretentious character as regards applied methods, unreal. Therefore attention is focused on the period of clinical manifestation of the diabetic syndrome and its early stages when by early diagnosis and intensive insulin or immunosuppressive treatment it is still possible to preserve a substantial proportion of functional B-cells and influence in an effective manner the onset and duration of remission. The authors summarize experience assembled during the eighties, incl. therapeutic procedures and problems of active immunomodulation in the prehyperglycaemic stage of the disease.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1991

[Insulitis--new findings on the role of genetic and external factors].

The autoimmune process focused on B-cells of the islets of Langerhans and leading gradually to their destruction and the development of type I diabetes takes place under the morphological picture of insulitis. The disease affects genetically predisposed individuals. At the end of the eighties knowledge was greatly expanded due to methods of molecular genetics. The majority of authors assumes that in the pathogenesis of insulitis also environmental factors participate. More detailed information is provided on chemical compounds, nutritive substances and viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cardiac function and adrenergic regulation in incipient hypothyroidism].

In patients with thyroid carcinoma who after thyroid elimination took thyroxine and triiodothyronine both hormones were discontinued and after 7 days a complex of peripheral and laboratory parameters was evaluated. Discontinuation of thyroid hormones led to a drop of their serum level and concurrent rise of the TSH level and serum cholesterol. The duration of the pre-ejection period of the systole, the Q-Kd interval and Achilles tendon reflex was protracted. The value of the index of the preejection time increased and that of the index of the expulsion time declined. The heart rate and systolic pressure declined and the body eight increased. Seven-day discontinuation of thyroid hormones did not affect the plasma level of noradrenaline, adrenaline and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The diastolic pressure and index of electromechanical systole did not change.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Present state and perspectives of endocrinology in Czechoslovakia].

The contemporary state of the sub-discipline of endocrinology within the framework of internal medicine is generally considered rather desolate, but so far actual data were lacking. Based on an analysis of data provided by regional specialists in the Czech Republic and by regional (district) specialists in internal medicine in Slovak republic it may be said that in the majority of health institutions the number of endocrinologists does not reach even the unsatisfactory standard (i. e. 1 endocrinologist per 150 to 250,000 population), that specialized training of endocrinologists, specialists in internal medicine and other specialist is not ensured, that there are not adequate numbers of community doctors and factory medical officers, that there are not adequate capacities of specialized laboratory examinations and that adequate collaboration with other disciplines is not ensured (the position is in particular alarming as regards immunological methods and cytological processing of specimens obtained by aspiration biopsy from the thyroid gland. With regard to these data the authors recommend to raise the numbers of endocrinologists so that in institutions corresponding to hospitals with policlinics type II there will be one endocrinologist per 50-100,000 population, to improve the standard and availability of auxiliary examinations, to ensure endocrinological in-patient care at the level of hospitals with policlinics type III and to create specialized centres within the framework of the research base or university hospitals. It is important to resolve the link between endocrinology and other disciplines (paediatrics, gynaecology etc). It is also essential to coordinate closely therapy, education and research, Federal coordination is essential.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1990

[Selected anthropometric findings in women with disorders of glucose tolerance with hypertension].

In a group of 26 women with an impaired glucose tolerance anthropometric measurements of basic somatometric characteristics were made with special attention to the subcutaneous fat distribution and compared the findings with the healthy Czech population. Changes in body build, BMI, subcutaneous body fat distribution were evaluated and the causality of the relationship between blood pressure and gluteofemoral and abdominal obesity was investigated. From the author's observations ensues that in the group of women with impaired glucose tolerance overweight was recorded, as compared with the normal population, disproportions in the circumferences of the trunk and extremities, an excessive percentage of body fat, well developed muscles. In abdominal obesity a significant increase of the blood pressure and BMI was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with insulin on the metabolism of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus].

In a group of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes the excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and creatinine in urine was investigated and the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content of bone in relation to the duration of the disease. The authors observed that in diabetic rats the urinary losses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus increase significantly. The creatinine excretion is also significant but lower in relation to calciuria and therefore the value of Nordin's index in diabetic rats rises markedly. Bone of diabetic rats in the early stage of diabetes (32 days) loses magnesium, while the calcium and phosphorus content does not change significantly. During longer persistence of severe diabetes (70 days) a significant drop of all three minerals in bone was observed. The bones of diabetic animals on the 70th experimental day were macroscopically smaller and were very fragile. The authors' findings suggest a marked influence of streptozotocin diabetes on calcium phosphate metabolism and bone metabolism, in particular on account of STZ diabetes, on an early drop of magnesium in bone. The possible impact of this finding for clinical practice will have to be tested further.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in magnesium and ionized calcium serum levels in disorders of glucose tolerance].

In a group of 58 subjects with a strictly defined glucose tolerance (38 normal--nGT, 10 impaired glucose tolerance--pGT, 10 type II diabetics treated by diet) the authors investigated the mutual relationship between changes in the blood sugar level and insulin serum level in relation changes of calcium, ionized calcium, magnesium and total proteins. In addition to expected differences in the native blood sugar level and insulinaemia, the authors found in pGT group in reduction of ionized calcium and magnesium on fasting. In the course of the oGTT in pGT group there is a rise of ionized calcium and magnesium and thus the changes, as compared with the initial value, differ significantly from changes in subjects with a normal glucose tolerance and in type II diabetics. The differences in the pattern total calcium are less marked, the changes of total protein did not differ. Evaluation of correlations revealed a only significant relationship between the change of ionized calcium and blood sugar level after 120 mins, in DM II. The findings suggest a different calcium and magnesium metabolism after a glucose load in subjects with an impaired glucose tolerance. It is not clear whether a cause of the disorder is involved or a possible compensatory mechanism. The clinical impact will have to be examined.

Calcium↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of 2 methods for determination of antibodies to thyroglobulin in clinical practice].

The authors compared the results of two methods for the estimation of antibodies against thyroglobulin: the principle of the Thymune-T test (Wellcome) is a haemagglutination method; parallel examinations were made by the author's modification of the radiochemical coprecipitation test (RCT). The laboratory results were evaluated in a large clinical group of patients with different types of thyroid disease. It was confirmed that the haemagglutination method gives more frequently positive results than the radiochemical test, in particular in the range of low titres. The chi square test provided, however, evidence that between methods a significant correlation exists. Although the results of the two tests are not necessarily identical in individual patients, it may be stated that RCT is an adequate method of choice, as it is simpler, more rapid and cheaper, and that it can be done in large series with objective automated evaluation of data.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Subclinical hypothyroidism].

Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 5.7% of 853 patients referred for ambulatory examination to a department in Prague. In patients referred with a mild degree of subclinical hypothyroidism with an evaluated level of thyrotropic hormone in serum (TSH) no significant deviations of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T4 and T3) were found nor different values of the Achilles tendon reflex time, as compared with patients with normal thyroid function. In case of a more marked grade of subclinical hypothyroidism with an elevated TSH level without stimulation the patients have on average significantly lower T4 vales, significantly longer Achilles tendon reflex times and preejection stage of left ventricular contraction, and of Rodbard's Q-Kd interval (Q-Kd) than euthyroid patients. The values are, however, still within the reference range for normal function and in individual cases cannot be decisive for establishment of the diagnosis. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis and views on treatment of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cholecystolithiasis in type II diabetics].

In a group of 166 type II diabetics hospitalized in a medical department the authors made clinical and ultrasonographic examinations focused on the presence of cholecystolithiasis. The control group was formed by 67 subjects with normal glucose tolerance. None of the patients were hospitalized on account of biliary disease. The purpose of the work was to 1. evaluate the difference in the incidence of cholecystolithiasis in diabetic patients and controls with regard to age and sex, 2. to assess differences in the incidence of obesity, impaired lipid metabolism and a positive biliary family--history in diabetics and controls with lithiasis, 3. to evaluate diabetes and the presence of microalbuminuria. In the authors' group cholecystolithiasis is significantly more frequent in diabetics as compared with controls, in men, women and people above 65 years (p less than 0.01). The group of diabetics and controls with lithiasis does not differ as to the incidence of obesity, hyperlipoproteinaemia and positive family-history of biliary disease. No significant differences in parameters of compensation of diabetes nor differences in the incidence of microalbuminuria were found between diabetics with and without lithiasis. The results suggest that it is useful to screen cholecystolithiasis in diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Systemic rheumatic diseases and diabetes mellitus].

In a two-year retrospective study the incidence of diabetes was investigated in 481 patients with systemic rheumatic disease. The control group was formed by 120 patients with degenerative articular disease of the lower extremities. The authors found a significantly higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in both groups, as compared with the population of the Czech Socialist Republic, whereby in patients with systemic rheumatic disease probably the relatively frequent administration of glucocorticoids plays a part. The remarkably high incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes in 16% of patients with polymyositis might suggest a possible co-existence of these two autoimmune diseases.

Collagen Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Plasma somatostatin activity in medullary cancer of the thyroid.

In a group consisting of 50 adults and 5 children with diagnosed or suspected medullary cancer of the thyroid, plasma somatostatin levels were measured in 77 samples with a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Only 2 patients had clearly enhanced plasma somatostatin immunoreactivity, both with highly active aggressive tumors. Other patients had plasma somatostatin levels of under 20 ng/l or undetectable ones. No evidence of response of somatostatin levels to pentagastrin stimulation was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of thyroid diseases in two samples of Czech population. A preliminary study.

Two preliminary pilot studies of prevalence of thyroid disorders in Central Bohemia (with mild endemy before the onset of iodine prophylaxis in 1948) were made: 1. Questionary survey of adult persons in Praha (1559 persons); 2. Clinical and laboratory investigation of 2015 employees of SKODA automobile works in Mladá Boleslav. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in Praha was 11.99%. In randomly selected subjects from Mladá Boleslav (evaluated in two periods after 10 years) the prevalence of clinically manifested thyroid disorders was 0.35% in men and 2.32% in women, respectively, the presence of positive titres of antithyroglobulin antibodies, varied from 2.43-6.11% of high titres and from 2.35 to 17.33% of low titres. However, the prevalence of goiter was markedly higher than expected, since diffuse goitre was found in 8.36% of men and in 11.34% of women. Even more striking was the prevalence of nodular goitre which was 5.59% in men and 22.96% in women thus making the total goitre prevalence of 13.95% in men and 34.30% in women. In addition, an unfavourable increase of prevalence of nodular goitre was found in younger women in comparison with older group. These results, although preliminary, pointed out the necessity of further more extensive and intensive studies of prevalence of thyroid disorders and of methodology of iodine prophylaxis.

Adult↗