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Biomedical subjects

V Schulz

Publications and source records attributed to V Schulz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Pulmonary gas exchange after myocardial infarction in the late period of recovery. II. Investigations during exercise (author's transl)].

After myocardial infarction in the late period of recovery (13-25 months p. infarctum) pulmonary gas exchange in 23 patients was measured besides as hemodynamic parameters during exercise. The parameters take a course similar to that of subjects without lung and heart diseases. Arterial blood gas tensions (Pa02, Paco2) remain unchanged compared to resting values. Alveolar ventilation did show no difference in any of the patients. Minute ventilation VE, the various dead spaces, alveolar-arterial gas differences (AaDo2, aADco2) and ventilation-perfusion ratios of the whole lung VA/Q suggest however that these parameters show different courses according to the physical capacity of the patients. As the physical capacity of each patient is due to different cardiac functions taken by cardiac output and mixed venous blood gas tensions alterations of pulmonary gas exchange seemed to be dependent on the respective left ventricular function of the heart. Of the twenty-three patients, twelve with cardiac failure under exercise showed the most pronounced alterations in pulmonary gas exchange. Therefore, the different physical work capacity of the patients are determined only by cardiac function. No limitation of the productivity due to impeded lung function could be proved.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1976

Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves.

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Distribution, absorption and elimination of radioactivity following oral and intravenous application of 2'-14C-labelled cyproterone acetate to rhesus monkeys (author's transl)].

13 female rhesus monkeys were given 2'-14C-cyproterone acetate i.v. and p.o. The radioactivity of the blood plasma and the elimination in urine and faeces were then measured at suitable intervals for a period of 12 days. After i.v. administration the time for distribution in the body amounted to 8 h. The extrapolated initial concentrations in the equilibrium to distribution amounted to 0.68% of the administered dose in the plasma volume, and the theoretical volume of distribution was 5 times the body volume. After oral administration the maximum levels in the plasma were reached on an average 13 h after administration. They attained the level of the extrapolated initial concentration after i.v. administration. The compound was eliminated from the body with a radioactive half-life of 1.6 to 1.8 days, irrespective of the route of administration. The mean ratio of elimination urine: faeces was approximately 0.7 for all animals. After oral administration 81% of the dose was absorbed on the average.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Pharmacokinetics of the trichomonacidal agent ZK 25 095 in 6 normal subjects following intravenous and oral administration (author's transl)].

The distribution, absorption and elimination of 5-morpholinomethyl-3-(5-nitro-1-methyl-2-imidazolyl-methylene-amino)-2-oxazolidinone-hydrochloride (test designation ZK 25 095), which proved to be an effective trichomonacidal agent in animal and clinical trials, was determined microbiologically and with the aid of 14C-labelled substance. After i.v. injection of 10 mg ZK 25095 in each of two volunteers the substance was distributed between blood and body tissues within approximately 10 min. The calculated volume of distribution amounted to 70% of the body volume. After oral administration of 250 mg in tablet form to each of three volunteers the substance was almost completely absorbed within a few hours. The maximum blood level was reached 3 to 4 h after administration. It amounted to about 80% of the blood levels (distribution equilibrium) after i.v. administration. ZK 25 095 was eliminated from the body with a half-life of approximately 9 h. 3/4 of the elimination were effected via urine and 1/4 via the faeces. 30-50% of the radioactivity eliminated with urine originated from microbiologically active (trichomonacidal) substance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Pharmacokinetics of cyproterone acetate in normal subjects after i.m. and oral application (author's transl)].

Sixteen volunteers were given cyproterone acetate-2'-14C (6-chloro-17-hydroxy-1alpha,2alpha-methylene-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate; Androcur¿) in single doses of between 2 and 12 mg i.m. and p.o. in 19 investigations. The plasma radioactivity was then determined at suitable intervals. Urine and faeces were collected quantitatively for 12 days. After oral administration the highest concentrations in plasma were found 1--4 h after administration. The mean amounts were 2--3% of the administered dose in the plasma volume. Plasma concentrations of more than half the highest values were measured for a period of 2--8 h. Cyproterone acetate was eliminated from the body with a half-life of about 1 1/2 days for men and about 2 days for women. After oral administration in single doses of 2--12 mg the compound was almost completely absorbed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Nomogram for the determination of arterial oxygen partial pressure of man in relation to high altitude and in dependence from age (author's transl)].

If somebody ascends from sea level to higher altitude within a short time, the change of the atmospheric conditions can be a danger for his life. Therefore, a nomogram was constructed which allows to read off the arterial oxygen partial pressures and the corresponding arterial oxygen saturation in relation to altitude. On the basis of the oxygen partial pressure of the atmosphere determined by steps of 500 m from sea level up to an antitude of 10,000 m, we calculated the decrease of the oxygen partial pressure from the inspired air to the arterial blood. When passing our airways, the inspired oxygen partial pressure is dimished by the adaptation to BTPS conditions and by the increasing CO2 partial pressure when approaching the alveolar gas exchanging zone. Another oxygen partial pressure gradient formed by inhomogeneities of ventilation to perfusion, diffusing capacity to perfusion and shunt perfusion is found at the alveolar-arterial barrier. The value of this alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference is closely correlated to age. With the values of the single steps, the nomogram was constructed. Seven abscissas show the oxygen partial pressure gradients from the inspired air at a distinct altitude to the arterial blood. In relation to a lot of CO2-depending oxygen dissociation curves, it is possible to read off additionally the corresponding arterial oxygen saturation for a person in rest up to an altitude of 10,000 m.

Adult↗