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Biomedical subjects

V Moore

Publications and source records attributed to V Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Substance abuse among subjects screened out from an alcoholism research program.

Three hundred and eight subjects were screened over the phone for admission to an inpatient alcohol treatment research unit. Using a structured interview, the prospective patients were asked questions regarding demographics, drinking history, previous treatments, physical health, family history, and a detailed history of past and present substance use. Drug use was studied as regular use versus no use or brief experimental use of five drug categories: cannabinoids, stimulants, sedatives, opiates, and hallucinogens. Fifty-one percent of the men and 48% of the women reported regular use of one or more of the drugs in addition to alcohol. For women, the amount of alcohol intake was positively correlated with use of stimulants (r = .32, p = .001), cannabinoids (r = .24, p = .019), sedatives (r = .30, p = .003), and hallucinogens (r = .30, p = .003). For men, correlations between the amount of alcohol intake and drug use were weaker but significant for stimulants (r = .21, p = .002), opiates (r = .15, p = .028), and hallucinogens (r = .15, p = .029). Women with alcoholic mothers displayed higher alcohol intake than women with nonalcoholic mothers (p = .02) and also showed more frequent use of most drugs. Although men with alcoholic fathers also showed greater alcohol intake compared to men with nonalcoholic fathers, the two groups did not differ in drug use. Younger subjects of both sexes were more likely to use cannabinoids, stimulants, opiates, and hallucinogens. Alcohol and sedative use was relatively constant across all age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vivo expression of stromelysin in synovium and cartilage of rabbits injected intraarticularly with interleukin-1 beta.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the in vivo expression of the matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin in the synovium and articular cartilage of rabbits injected intraarticularly with recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1). METHODS: The direct isolation of messenger RNA (mRNA) from articular cartilage without the prior isolation of chondrocytes is described. The in vivo expression of stromelysin was examined at the mRNA level by Northern blot analysis, and at the protein level by in situ immunolocalization and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In the synovium of IL-1-injected joints, stromelysin mRNA levels were highest at 4 hours and declined to background levels within 24 hours. In the cartilage of IL-1-injected joints, stromelysin mRNA was elevated at 4 hours and continued to increase until 8 hours, before declining. Stromelysin mRNA expression preceded a similar increase in stromelysin protein levels in both synovium and cartilage. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular injection of IL-1 induced the endogenous expression of stromelysin mRNA and protein in both synovium and cartilage. The kinetics of stromelysin expression correlated well with the accumulation of stromelysin and proteoglycan in synovial fluids. Therefore, the de novo synthesis of stromelysin in cartilage may have contributed to the loss of proteoglycan from that tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reversibility of left ventricular hypertrophy by differing types of antihypertensive therapy.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as assessed by ECG or echocardiography, is a powerful independent coronary risk factor. The present overview of 104 studies sets out to compare the ability of various forms of antihypertensive therapy to reverse LVH as assessed by echocardiography. Most observations involved four classes of treatment--combination therapy, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and calcium antagonists (mainly dihydropyridines). The former two therapies were significantly more effective than the latter two in reversing LV mass, independently of length of time on treatment and degree of fall in blood pressure. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The clinical significance of these results is unclear although preliminary data indicate that regressing LVH is associated with fewer cardiovascular events.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Mental disorders among alcoholics. Relationship to age of onset and cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides.

Eighty-one percent of 339 alcoholics participating in a research program were found to have associated mental disorders. Alcoholics with onset of heavy drinking before 20 years of age had significantly more antisocial personality traits, drug abuse, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, suicide attempts, and paternal alcoholism than alcoholics with onset after age 20 years. Alcoholics with onset before and after 20 years of age also differed significantly from each other for cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of diazepam-binding inhibitor and somatostatin. These results support the notion that age of onset may delineate subgroups of alcoholics with significant clinical and neurochemical differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

PMN elastases: a comparison of the specificity of human isozymes and the enzyme from other species toward substrates and inhibitors.

The human elastases isolated from polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and purulent sputum displayed identical kinetic constants toward substrates and inhibitors. The elastases from the two sources yield identical N-terminal sequences and were recognized by antiserum prepared against human sputum elastase (HSE) isozyme-4 (I-4). The data support the proposal put forth by Twumasi and Liener (1977, J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1917-1926) that the human elastase from sputum is of PMN origin. PMN elastases from other species displayed kinetic constants toward both substrates and inhibitors significantly different from the human enzyme. Therefore, extrapolation of inhibitor profiles from these elastases to the human source should be avoided. Four groups of isozymes were resolved from HSE by FPLC. Only the most basic isozyme (I-4) was obtained as a single species. The isozymes displayed identical macroscopic kinetic constants toward several substrates and two classes of inhibitors. The similar partition ratios observed with a cephalosporin-derived inhibitor suggest that the microscopic rate constants are also identical. The data support the proposal suggested by Baugh and Travis (1976, Biochemistry 15, 836-841) that HLE isozymes differ only in carbohydrate content. Whatever the source of human PMN elastase heterogeneity, it does not result in heterogeneous catalytic properties. In addition, a new protein was identified in elastase preparations derived from human sputum. This protein displayed homology to serine proteases and properties suggesting that it is identical to azurocidin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Immunogenicity evaluation of protein hydrolysates for hypoallergenic infant formulae.

Casein and soy protein were enzymatically hydrolyzed for potential use in a hypoallergenic infant formula. To assess the relative immunoreactivity of the hydrolysates, rabbits were immunized with either the intact proteins or the protein hydrolysates using a vigorous immunization protocol. Serum samples were tested using ELISA methods that quantitated IgG antibody specific for the immunizing protein hydrolysates and the corresponding intact proteins. The results showed that the protein hydrolysates had substantially lower immunogenicity than the parent proteins. Also, antibody specific for the parent protein showed very low cross-reactivity with the hydrolysates. Both of the protein hydrolysates seem to be promising candidates for use in hypoallergenic infant feeding systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Copying ability of preschool children with delayed language development.

Ninety-six 2 1/2-year-old children with delayed language development (identified by health visitors) and 100 controls were required to copy four simple items of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, and were tested on the comprehension and expressive language scales of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales. The index children performed worse than the controls on all four copying tasks, and poor copying performance was related to both impaired language comprehension and expression. Copying by the index children was also poorer than their performance on two other non-verbal tasks. The implications for the assessment of children with delayed language development are considered, as well as theoretical implications with regard to the cognition/language debate.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of alcoholics who attempt suicide.

Of 298 alcoholic subjects studied by the authors, 19% (N = 57) had attempted suicide. Compared with nonattempters, suicide attempters were significantly more likely to be female, to have a lower socioeconomic status, to be younger, to have begun heavy drinking and experienced the onset of alcohol-related problems at an earlier age, to consume a greater amount of alcohol when drinking, and to have additional lifetime psychiatric diagnoses of major depression, antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, panic disorder, phobic disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder. Also, significantly more attempters had first- or second-degree relatives who abused alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prospective study of catheter-related infection during prolonged arterial catheterization.

Ninety-six arterial catheters from 75 different anatomical sites in 56 surgical ICU patients were studied prospectively to determine the rate of catheter-related infection associated with prolonged arterial catheterization (defined as greater than 96 h). Every 96 h, all catheters were semiquantitatively (SQ) cultured and the percutaneous entry site was swab cultured. Sites were used indefinitely by exchanging the catheters over a guide-wire every 96 h as long as arterial monitoring was necessary and SQ cultures remained negative (less than or equal to 15 colonies). No sites used less than 96 h developed skin colonization, while 14/51 (27%) sites used greater than 96 h developed positive swab cultures. No SQ cultures were positive in sites with negative swab cultures (p less than .001). Catheter-related infection (a positive SQ culture) developed in 4/42 (9.5%) radial or femoral sites compared to 4/9 (44%) axillary sites used greater than 96 h (p less than .01). It is concluded that arterial catheter-related infection develops in less than 10% of radial or femoral sites used greater than 96 h, and 90% of radial and femoral sites may be used safely for prolonged periods if skin colonization at the percutaneous sites is controlled and SQ catheter cultures remain negative. Skin site swab cultures may be useful for determining when arterial catheters should be removed and SQ cultured.

Arteries↗
PubMed1986

Is chloride depletion an important contributing cause of death in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A retrospective analysis of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring prolonged hospitalization (greater than 100 days) was carried out to determine those factors associated with fatal outcome. Twenty-three infants made up the study population. Eleven infants died and 12 survived (survivors). No differences were noted between the groups regarding ventilator requirement, radiographic changes, and medication use (digoxin, aldactazide), except for furosemide which was used twice as frequently in the group of infants who died v the group of infants who survived (P less than .001). Differences noted between the groups included moderate hypochloremia (chloride less than 80 mEq/L) in all 11 infants who died v six of 12 survivors, severe hypochloremia (chloride less than 70 mEq/L) in the nine of 11 infants who died v two of 12 survivors, metabolic alkalosis (pH greater than 7.45) in nine of 11 infants who died v three of 12 survivors, hypertension (systolic BP greater than 113 mm Hg) in eight of 11 infants who died v one of 12 survivors, decrease in head growth in ten of the 11 infants who died v one of the 12 survivors; these differences were all significant (P less than .001). The metabolic alkalosis and head growth changes appear to be related to the hypochloremia. The data suggest that chloride deficiency may be an important contributing factor in the genesis of poor outcome in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and that close attention to chloride supplementation might influence outcome.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1985

The assessment and manipulation of personal diet: an undergraduate practical in human nutrition.

The Department of Paediatrics at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia offers to medical undergraduates an optional course in nutrition and growth. This paper describes the practical experiences offered in dietary assessment and manipulation which was one component of the course, together with an assessment of its value by the students and the authors. Generally, it seemed that the component had been successful but three changes might be considered: although hand analysis of crude dietary data to determine nutrient intakes is a useful exercise, computer analysis should also be included; the principles of dietary manipulation (in effect, the principles of therapeutic dietetics) will require more emphasis; the students should make a detailed analysis of a patient's diet as well as their own. Regarding the nutrition and growth course as a whole: assessment of clinical skills would probably benefit from the same structured approach as used in the dietetic assessment; a preliminary assessment of the students' nutritional knowledge at the start of the course should be incorporated.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1984

Drawing disability in patients with senile dementia.

A series of drawing tasks was administered to 15 patients with senile dementia who were assessed for intellectual functioning and severity of dementia. Their performance was compared with that of 15 elderly control subjects. The demented patients' spontaneous drawings were found to be impoverished in comparison with those of the controls. Copies of the same objects included more details, but these tended to be wrongly positioned in space. The performance of the patients with dementia was unlike that reported for patients with focal brain lesions. Significant relations were found between drawing performance and intellectual functioning and severity of dementia. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral palsy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: I. Aetiological factors.

Aetiological factors predisposing to cerebral palsy were investigated in 190 children with this condition seen in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia since January 1980. Ninety-four (49.5%) of the cases were natal in origin, 63 (33.1%) prenatal and 33 (17.4%) postnatal. Anoxia was the most common aetiological factor, accounting for 38 cases (20%), followed by prematurity in 18 (9.5%). These two factors combined accounted for 29.5% of all cases and 59.5% of those in the natal group. Idiopathic cases, the third largest group, accounted for 9.0%. Certain factors were shown to predispose to specific neurological deficits, the majority of the 190 patients being spastic diplegic (31%) or quadriplegic (26.3%). Saudi Arabia is going through a process of massive economic, social and medical progress. In view of improvements in all these areas and of other factors, a change in the pattern of incidence of cerebral palsy in Saudi Arabia is expected in the future.

Age Factors↗