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Biomedical subjects

V M Hawthorne

Publications and source records attributed to V M Hawthorne.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The bony chest breadth as a frame size standard in nutritional assessment.

As shown in 2201 males from western Scotland, the roentgenogrammetric bony chest breadth measurements provide a useful indication of frame size. Bony chest breadth is more highly correlated with weight than is true for stature. Weight corrections approximate 3.7 kg/cm of bony chest breadth and weight differences of 12 kg separate the average weight of males in the "small," "medium," and "large" bony chest breadth categories, respectively. Virtually unrelated to fatness per se, the bony chest breadth measurement provides a useful indication of fat free mass and, expressed as the weight/bony chest breadth ratio, it provides an independent estimate of relative fatness. Differences in frame size as measured by the bony chest breadth also relate to the 16-yr cardiovascular mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Fatness and mortality in the West of Scotland.

Sixteen-yr mortality data for 2381 males between the ages of 45 to 75 from the West of Scotland show that the lean rather than the obese have a higher mortality rate. However, analyzed by cause of death, it is seen that lean individuals show an excess of cancer-related deaths while obese individuals show excess cardiovascular mortality. Comparing smoking and nonsmoking males, the deleterious effects of smoking are clearly demonstrable at all fatness levels. Since obese males have a higher cardiovascular mortality and lean males show an excess of cancer-related deaths, the notion of a single "ideal weight" may be challenged.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Salt and blood pressure in Scotland.

Dietary salt intake and urinary sodium excretion were compared in normotensive and hypertensive subjects in Renfrew, Scotland. All groups had high 24-hour urinary salt excretions, and hypertensive subjects did not eat or excrete more salt than normotensive subjects. The only significant relations found were a lower sodium excretion in hypertensive women than in normotensive women (p < 0.02) and a lower urinary sodium concentration in hypertensive men than in normotensive men (p < 0.05). These data provide no support for the hypothesis that dietary salt is a major cause of hypertension.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

Community norms of alcohol usage and blood pressure: Tecumseh, Michigan.

This research examines the relationship between alcohol usage and blood pressure in the adult population of a small community in Michigan. Findings suggest that blood pressure varies with alcohol usage linearly for men with a slight dip at 1-2 drinks per week, and curvilinearly for women with a low point at about 4 drinks per week. A method to measure public norms of alcohol intake and categories of drinking habits is presented. This technique may be useful in constructing drinking categories applicable in a community for both education and therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Blood-pressure screening and supervision in general practice.

Since April 1975 all men aged 35-69 years registered with four general practices in west central Scotland have had their blood pressure checked whenever they visit the surgery. Although the practice locations range from rural to city centre and observers comprise receptionists, nurses, and doctors, a standard procedure has been adopted for the examination, recording, follow-up, and management of high blood pressure. The results confirm that raised blood pressure is common and often goes undetected. Even when hypertension is known, casual blood pressure readings often exceed accepted normal levels. The findings also show that a population may be routinely examined through normal contact with the family doctor, and that this can provide a convenient, acceptable, and effective means of detecting and reducing raised blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Excess smoking in malignant-phase hypertension.

The smoking habits of 82 patients with malignant-phase hypertension were compared with those of subjects in three control groups matched for age and sex. Sixty-seven (82%) of the patients with malignant-phase hypertension were smokers compared with 41 (50%) and 71 (43%) of the patients in two control groups with non-malignant hypertension, and 43 people (52%) in a general population survey. The excess of smokers in the malignant-phase group was significant for men and women, together and separately, for cigarette smoking alone, and for all forms of smoking. There were no significant differences between the control groups. The chance of a hypertensive patient who smoked having the malignant phase was five times that of a hypertensive patient who did not. Twelve patients in the malignant-phase group had never smoked. All were alive three and a half years on average after presentation (range 11 months to seven years). Twenty-four (36%) of the smokers with malignant-phase hypertension died during the same period. The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with renal failure, as was the prevalence of smoking. Eighteen patients with malignant-phase hypertension had a serum creatinine concentration higher than 250 mumol/l (2.8 mg/100 ml); 17 were smokers and one an ex-smoker. Eleven of these 18 patients died.It is concluded that hypertensive patients who smoke are much more likely to develop the malignant phase than those who do not, and that once the condition has developed it follows a particularly lethal course in smokers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Screening for mild hypertension: costs and benefits.

It is important to understand the full implications of introducing a new screening and treatment programme into the National Health Service. In this paper, we calculate, for mild hypertension, the cost of community-based screening and the cost of case-finding in general practice. We show that case-finding in general practice is both less expensive and more efficient. We calculate the cost of running a programme in general practice for five years and divide that cost by an estimate of the number of deaths that might be prevented as a result of introducing such a programme. This calculation give a minimum cost for extending a life by the programme.

Adult↗