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Biomedical subjects

V K Jain

Publications and source records attributed to V K Jain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Variable IgH chain enhancer activity in Burkitt's lymphomas suggests an additional, direct mechanism of c-myc deregulation.

The deregulation of the c-myc gene in small non-cleaved cell lymphomas (SNCL) with 8;14 translocations is thought to be due to the juxtaposition of this gene with the IgH chain locus, but exactly how the Ig locus contributes to the deregulation is unclear. One widely considered hypothesis is that Ig gene enhancers, when moved near c-myc, might stimulate inappropriate transcription of this gene. To evaluate this hypothesis, we have tested the ability of the two known H chain enhancers, the JH-C mu intronic enhancer and the 3' alpha enhancer, to support transcription from c-myc promoters, by using transient transfection assays in a panel of 32 SNCL cell lines with 8;14 translocations. The activity of the JH-C mu intronic enhancer varied widely among the cell lines tested and correlated with the presence of nuclear factors binding to the E4/octamer regions of the enhancer. The 3' alpha enhancer was much less active than the intronic enhancer in all of our cell lines and seems unlikely to account for the c-myc deregulation (although the enhancer we tested was from the rat, because the human homologue is unidentified at present). A marked difference was also seen in the ability of individual cell lines to support transcription from the unenhanced c-myc constructs. Cell lines supporting the lowest enhancer activity tended to support the highest level of transcription from unenhanced c-myc promoters. The differences in transcription from c-myc promoters were confirmed by stably transfecting constructs containing c-myc promoters in SNCL cell lines. Our data strongly suggest that the importance of Ig enhancers for c-myc deregulation varies markedly in different cell lines and that, for many, trans-acting regulators of the c-myc promoters are as important or more important, than Ig enhancers in the deregulation of the c-myc gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Influence of dietary iron deficiency on acute metal intoxication.

The influence of dietary iron deficiency on acute nickel, lead or cadmium toxicity as reflected by the induction of hepatic, renal and intestinal metallothionein (MT), disposition of the metals, and alterations in hematological parameters was investigated in rats. The administration of cadmium induced the hepatic, renal and intestinal MT while that of nickel or lead induced hepatic MT only. However, dietary iron deficiency did not influence the cadmium induced tissue MT but enhanced the ability of nickel or lead to restore the normal synthesis of renal and intestinal MT lowered under the influence of reduced body iron status. The accumulation of lead in liver and kidney and that of cadmium enhanced in liver only, while tissue deposition of nickel remained unaffected by iron deficiency. The induction of hepatic MT by three metals appears related to the concomitant rise in the hepatic zinc, calcium and iron levels in normal rats. However, dietary iron deficiency increased the hepatic zinc in response to nickel or cadmium and that of heptic calcium in response to lead.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Congenital malformations, reproductive wastage and consanguineous mating.

A study was undertaken in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, South India, to understand the relation between congenital developmental disorders and consanguinity and also reproductive wastage and consanguinity. Four hundred children with existing congenital developmental disorders were studied with regard to their consanguineous parentage and compared with 1,000 randomly selected patients attending the paediatric outpatient department. There was a significantly higher prevalence of consanguinity in the study group (p < 0.001) and greater frequency in rural areas. The common types of consanguineous marriages were between first cousins (50.6%) and uncle and niece (42.4%). Frequency of consanguinity was not significantly related to religion and caste. The mean coefficient of inbreeding was 0.056. Consanguinity had no significant effect on average pregnancy rate and reproductive wastage. The frequency of consanguinity was significantly higher especially with autosomal recessive disorders (p < 0.001), congenital heart diseases (p < 0.001), multiple malformations (p < 0.001), neurological malformations (p < 0.005), chromosomal disorders (p < 0.01), genitourinary disorders (p < 0.02) and mental retardation-developmental disorders (p < 0.02). These observations stress the need for communicating the deleterious effects of inbreeding to the public through regular health education.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1993

Occipital-axis posterior wiring and fusion for atlantoaxial dislocation associated with occipitalization of the atlas. Technical note.

The authors present their technique of occipital-axis posterior wiring and fusion for atlantoaxial dislocation associated with an occipitalized atlas. The technique consists of drilling a 3 x 1-cm horizontal groove in the occipital bone 1 cm posterior to the foramen magnum and building up a bony bridge along the posterior margin of the foramen magnum. This bony bridge is referred to as an "artificial atlas." Conventional wiring and fusion is performed between the artificial atlas and the C-2 lamina, interposing a strut bone graft. Since the compression force on tightening the wire is vertical, a very high degree of stability for the occipital-C-2 complex is achieved, facilitating early mobilization without postoperative redislocation.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in school children.

A total number of 8449 school children, in the 5-15 years old, group were examined clinically for evidence of valvular lesions and confirmed by roentgenographic electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. Twelve children (0.14%) were suffering from rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The disease was significantly more (p < 0.05) prevalent in the higher age group of 11-15 years as compared to younger children. Boys (0.18%) were affected more than girls (0.09%). The disease was more frequent among children belonging to economically backward group (0.34%) and those living in large families (0.28%). Children living in the slums had significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence (0.41%) than those residing in urban areas (0.06%). Only 3 out of 12 (25%) were previously diagnosed cases and remaining were diagnosed for the first time. Past history of rheumatic activity was seen in 41.67% cases. Mitral valve involvement was most frequent, being detected in 10 (83.33%) cases. Majority of cases (58.33%) had the development of symptomatic RHD within 2 years of having suffered from RF. Our study helped to detect the hitherto undiagnosed cases of RHD and showed that its prevalence was higher in older children and those from urban slums.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Inhaled lidocaine for prevention of hemodynamic changes in laryngoscopy and intubation.

This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of lidocaine aerosol pretreatment in attenuating hemodynamic (HD) responses secondary to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients undergoing surgery for intracranial space occupying lesions (ICSOL). A semiclosed breathing system was improvised to generate aerosol of consistent density. Five percent lidocaine was nebulized in two different dosages (0.2 and 0.1 ml/kg in groups A and B, respectively); group C (control) received aerosol of normal saline. The average aerosol-treatment time was 24, 12, and 16 min in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Changes in heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In group A, tracheal intubation did not cause significant HD changes. In group B, a significant increase was observed in each HD parameter which, when compared with control, was less severe. Lidocaine toxicity, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, or aspiration did not occur in any patient. Patients accepted the procedure well. This study found efficacy of the technique to be related to duration of aerosol treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

CT demonstration of complex dorsal spinal dysraphism.

An unusual case of dorsal spinal dysraphism in a four year old child is presented. Various abnormalities including diastematomyelia, an extradural arachnoid cyst arising from one of the two dural tubes, and lipomeningomyelocele with a related rib-like bony structure were demonstrated with Iohexol CT and subsequently confirmed at surgery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

New three-dimensional moving field radiation therapy for brain tumors.

A new modified rotation radiation method called "three-dimensional moving field radiation therapy" is described. The new method uses rotation in many planes while maintaining the the same isocenter to achieve a good spatial dose distribution. This delivers a high dose to tumors and spares the surrounding normal structures. This easy method can be carried out using the equipment for conventional rotation radiation therapy. The new method was superior to the one plane rotation radiation therapy using a physical phantom with film, a chemical phantom using the iodine-starch reaction, and a new biological model using tumor cells. Treatment of six brain tumors irradiated with total air doses of 50-60 Gy caused no hair loss or radiation necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A chemiluminescent assay for quantitation of beta-galactosidase in the femtogram range: application to quantitation of beta-galactosidase in lacZ-transfected cells.

An optimized chemiluminescent assay for beta-galactosidase using a chemiluminescent substrate AMPGD (3-(4-methoxyspiro[1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-tricyclo-[3.3.1. 1(3,7)]decan]-4- yl)phenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is described. This assay is rapid and sensitive and can detect as little as 2 fg of beta-galactosidase. Its use for the quantitation of beta-galactosidase in cells transfected with lacZ-expressing vectors is described. It is possible to detect a single cell stably expressing lacZ by this technique.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1991

Comparative study of bone growth by pulsed electromagnetic fields.

Pulsed electromagnetic fields have been widely used for treatment of non-united fractures and congenital pseudarthrosis. Several electrical stimulation systems such as air-cored and iron-cored coils and solenoids have been used the world over and claimed to be effective. Electrical parameters such as pulse shape, magnitude and frequency differ widely, and the exact bone-healing mechanism is still not clearly understood. The study attempts to analytically investigate the effectiveness of various parameters and suggests an optimal stimulation waveform. Mathematical analysis of electric fields inside the bone together with Fourier analysis of induced voltage waveforms produced by commonly used electrical stimulation wave-forms has been performed. A hypothesis based on assigning different weightings to different frequencies for osteogenic response has been proposed. Using this hypothesis astonishingly similar effective values of electric fields have been found in different systems. It is shown that effective electric field rather than peak electric field is the main parameter responsible for osteogenesis. The results are in agreement with experimental findings made on human beings by different investigators.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Serum zinc and copper in myocardial infarction with particular reference to prognosis.

Serum copper and zinc estimations in humans were made to find their diagnostic and prognostic value in cases of myocardial infarction. Following infarction, there was an increase in serum copper levels from the first 24 h up to the 7th day, with gradual decline that did not reach the normal value up to the 14th day. The serum zinc levels declined in the first 24 h until the 4th day and increased to the normal value on the 14th day. It is concluded that, for diagnosis of myocardial infarction, serum zinc levels are more useful during the first week and copper levels in the second week after the onset of infarction.

Adult↗