Biomedical subjects
V K Garg
Publications and source records attributed to V K Garg.
Extra-renal hormonal status in end-stage uraemia.
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Endocrine and protein energy malnutrition.
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Effect of Na+ on in vivo transepithelial transport of glycine and leucine in two teleosts.
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In vitro intestinal transport of D-glucose and D-xylose in two teleost.
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Bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly. A long-term review of 35 cases.
Bromocriptine (CB-154, Parlodel, Sandoz) was given to 35 acromegalic patients for a period of 6-36 months. Basal and post-therapy endocrine functions including estimation of serum growth hormone (GH) profile; and GH kinetics during oral glucose tolerance test, augmented insulin tolerance test and thyrotrophin releasing hormone test were determined. The pituitary tumour size was delineated by a pneumoencephalogram. The mean GH levels ranged from 14 micrograms/l to 316 micrograms/l. Bromocriptine suppressed GH values to 5 micrograms/l or less in 16 patients and less than 10 micrograms/l in a further 6 patients. In 33 patients GH values fell to 50% of the basal value or less. There was no significant GH reduction in 2 'nonresponders'. Bromocriptine did not block the stress-induced GH secretion. It did not disturb pituitary functions other than prolactin which was suppressed much earlier and was maintained with smaller doses. GH suppression on the other hand was shortlived and rebounded when the drug was omitted. It had no adverse effect on tumour size in 2 patients having suprasellar extension of the tumour. Bromocriptine improved carbohydrate tolerance and sexual function although it did not affect insulin and gonadotrophin values. It seems reasonable to offer a trial of bromocriptine in all patients with acromegaly where therapy is deemed necessary as it is well tolerated, has insignificant side effects and no adverse drug interactions. Its high cost and prolonged course are obvious disadvantages. Caution should be exercised in cases with suprasellar extension and visual field involvement.
Pituitary apoplexy (spontaneous pituitary necrosis).
Pituitary apoplexy or spontaneous pituitary necrosis is an ill-understood clinical syndrome. It may occur as a neurological emergency requiring urgent interference in a patient with a known pituitary dysfunction or it may be responsible for drawing attention to an as yet unrecognized pituitary pathology. It has a bizarre clinical profile and an unpredictable neurological and endocrine course. Patients may die at once or may recover with or without endocrine/neurological deficit. Six cases of pituitary apoplexy with varied clinical presentation are cited.
Effect of inhibitors on sugar and amino acid transport in two teleosts.
After the addition of ouabain or potassium cyanide (10(-4)M) to the filling solution, inhibition of the transport of sugars and amino acids was noted in the intestine of both the fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus (carnivorous) and Heteropneustes fossilis (omnivorous). Regional as well as nutrient variations occurred in the transport process. There was a positive but slower transport of nutrients in the beginning but later a negative transport of sugars and amino acids was noted in different portions of the intestine. The negative transport of amino acids was comparatively higher than that of sugars though the inhibition pattern by these two substances was almost similar. Potassium cyanide was a stronger inhibitor of the transport process than ouabain. The rate of nutrient transport was comparatively higher in Heteropneustes than in Ophiocephalus.
Histopathology of kidney of albino rat poisoned with uranyl nitrate.
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Interaction between sugars and amino acid transport systems as the intestinal brush border.
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Effect of pyridoxine on intestinal transport of nutrients in two teleosts.
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Effect of fructose, leucine and prefeeding of sucrose on transport of nutrients.
Effect of fructose and leucine (5 and 20 mM) has been observed separately on transport of glucose, xylose, glycine, leucine and tyrosine (2.5 mM) in two teleost fishes of different feeding habits, carnivorous Ophiocephalus punctatus and omnivorous Heteropneustes fossilis. Addition of the nutrient was made at 30 min stage and its effect was observed at 35, 40, 50 and 60 min intervals. Fructose stimulated amino acid transport while in all other cases the uptake decreased being greater in more rapidly absorbable substances. Sucrose prefeeding also inhibited the transport rate of glucose and leucine in both fishes.
Coupling between Na+ and sugar for sugar transport in a few Indian teleosts.
Transepithelial transport of D-glucose and D-xylose depends on the sodium ions in the filling solution in the fishes Ophiocephalus punctatus (carnivorous) and Heteropneustes fossilis (omnivorous). Under low Na+ concentration, the rate of transport decreases, while an increase in concentration brings about a corresponding increase in the transport of these nutrients in both fishes. In most of the cases, at different Na+ concentrations significant differences is in the absorbed amount. Glucose transport is affected by Na+ more than the transport of xylose and regional variations occur in the transported amount.
Histopathological alterations induced by uranyl nitrate in the liver of albino rat.
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Studies on the competitive intestinal absorption of amino acids, and sugars in two teleost fishes.
In both fishes Ophiocephalus punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis, the compound of the same group inhibited the transport rate of another compound such as, both glucose and fructose inhibited the uptake of xylose. Glucose was comparatively more inhibitory in nature than fructose. Transport of one amino acid was also inhibited in the presence of another amino acid. In glycine transport, leucine was stronger inhibitor than tyrosine. Almost similar results have been observed in both fishes irrespective of different feeding habits.
Histochemical studies on iron absorption in Ophiocephalus punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis.
Iron absorption in both the teleost fishes Ophiocephalus punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis, initially starts after 2h of feeding the iron diet. However, at this stage, there is no absorption of iron in the posterior intestine of both the fishes. Absorption initially starts along the brush border of enterocytes of the villi. Later, it gets accumulated in the supranuclear region of the epithelial cells and then through these cells, it is transported into the cores of the villi. The absorbed amount ultimately reaches along the bases of the villi. Through the blood capillaries, which are situated in the submucosa, absorbed iron is passed on to the blood stream. Although, the entire intestine of both the fishes is able to absorb iron but the regional variations have been noted. In contrast to the posterior intestine, the anterior and middle intestine of both the fishes show better iron absorption. The pyloric caeca of Ophiocephalus have comparatively less affinity for iron absorption. However, the intestine of Heteropneustes shows more affinity for iron absorption than the intestine of Ophiocephalus.
Species differences in the response of sugar and amino acid transport.
Transport of xylose, glycine and leucine at six different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 and 50.0 mM) has been studied in Ophiocephalus punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis. With the increase in the concentration of the compounds in the filling solution, a corresponding increase is brought about in the transport rate. On a further increase in the concentration of the compounds transport rate is reduced. The transport of these nutrients has also been determined at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min intervals. Absorption is significant even at the 15 min stage. At low concentrations of the sugars and leucine, the process was more active in comparison to higher concentrations. Variations in the transport of nutrients were noted in the two fishes.