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Biomedical subjects

V I Skvortsova

Publications and source records attributed to V I Skvortsova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Detoxication gene polymorphism and susceptibility to sporadic motor neuron disease in Russian population].

Motor neuron disease (MND) is caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. Many genetic systems are thought to be involved in pathogenesis of this complex disease. A significant etiological factor of MND may be oxygen free radicals, which damage neuronal cells when they are present in high concentrations. Detoxication processes resulting in the formation of free radicals, which subsequently transformed into nontoxic products, are also critical for the disease development. The major participants of these processes are cytochromes P-450 (CYP2E1, CYP2D6), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and N-acetyltransferases (NAT2). To investigate a role of genes of detoxication system in development of MND, we study polymorphisms in these genes in 72 patients with MND from Moscow and controls from Russia. Significant statistical differences have been found in frequency of the alleles CYP2E1*1D, CYP2D6*4 and GSTM1(0/0) and genotypes homozygous for GSTM1 (0) between the study and control groups. The analysis of GSTT1, GSTP1 and NAT1 gene polymorphisms has revealed no between-group differences in distribution of different alleles and genotypes. The GSTP1*A/ GSTP1*A genotype was associated with a classical upper and lower motor neuron involvement and the GSTP1*A allele with predominant lower and upper motor neuron involvement.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

[Analysis of the possible involvement of the glutamate transporter gene EAAT2 and the glutamate receptor genes GRIA1 and GRIA2 in pathogenesis of motor neuron disease in the Russian population].

Polymorphisms of the genes of the glutamatergic system EAAT2, GRIA1, and GRIA2 have been analyzed in patients with sporadic motor neuron disease (MND) from Russia. The disease is not associated with polymorphic alleles of the genes studied, which indicates that EAAT2, GRIA1, and GRIA2 play an insignificant role in the pathogenesis of sporadic MND.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

[The study of denervation-reinnervation process in motor neuron disease and benign neuron disorders].

To study peculiarities of chronic partial denervation (CPD), needle electromyography (EMG) of the neck, upper and lower extremity muscles on the less affected side was performed in 25 patients with definite motor neuron disease (MND) and in 9 patients with benign motor neuron disorders (BMND) with 2-month-long follow-up interval. Normal values of EMG parameters for muscle studied and test-retest correlation coefficient were calculated in 35 healthy volunteers. In MND on the early stages (1 and 2) of CPD, duration and amplitude of motor unit potentials (MUPs) correlated negatively while on the later stages (3A, SB, 4 and 5) the correlations were positive, but only in muscles within the site of onset. There was no significant predominance of duration and amplitude of MUPs in those muscles. MUPs amplitude was significantly higher in patients with MND with predominant lower motor neuron involvement (p < 0.05). In muscles with MUPs duration higher than--20% and increased amplitude, MUPs duration decreased within the site of onset up to the second study. In BMND, MUPs duration and amplitude never decreased in follow-up. These parameters were significantly higher in BMND than in MND (p < 0.0001) in less affected muscles (without paresis). In contrast to BMND, no lag of paresis behind the CPD stage was observed in MND. The data obtained suggest a recurrent and forward mode of CPD on late stages and allow to differentiate slowly progressive MND and BMND in the single as well as in repeated study after a short period of time.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Batroxobin in patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid system (the multicenter study)].

A randomized placebo-controlled study has been carried out in 3 Moscow hospitals. A sample included 90 patients who survived hemispheric ischemic stroke caused by pathology in the internal carotid artery 72 h before the treatment. Forty-five patients were given standard (basic) therapy and 45 patients received adjuvant batroxobin intravenously by 1,0 ml (10BU) drops on day 1, 3 and 5 and by 0,5 ml (5BU) drops on day 7 and 9 after admitting in a hospital. Assessment of the patients' state was conducted before the treatment, on day 3, 6 and 15. The European Stroke Scale was used to measure severity of clinical symptoms. The results suggest efficacy of batroxobin the use of which provides rapid good results, especially improvement in movement disorders. The use of this drug is accompanied by defibrinating effect. The drug is well tolerated.

Batroxobin↗
PubMed2005

[Semax in prevention of disease progress and development of exacerbations in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency].

One hundred and eighty-seven patients with different stages of cerebrovascular insufficiency (CI) have been examined. A diagnosis of CI was based on the results of neurological and neuropsychological study, ultrasonic dopplerography, rheo- and encephalography, electrocardiography, brain MRI and eyegrounds examination. Neurological scales were used for neurological status assessment and further data processing. The study aimed at evaluation of tolerability and clinical efficacy of the medication and complications in CI course. Semax treatment resulted in significant clinical improvement, stabilization of the disease progress and reduced a risk of stroke and transitory ischemic attacks in the disease course. The drug is featured by minor percent of side-effects and is well tolerated by patients, including those of older age groups.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2005

[Pharmacological therapy of sialorrhea in patients with motor neuron disease].

A comparative trial of amithryptiline and dysport (botulinic toxin type A) in the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) was conducted in 10 MND patients with sialorrhea, of whom 5 were treated with subcutaneous injections of Dysport and 5 with Amithriptiline, and 6 controls without salivary dysfunction. Gravimetry and scintigraphy of salivary glands were used before and after treatment. Compared to controls, saliva production was significantly decreased in MND patients. Both amithryptilin and dysport used in mean therapeutic doses decreased sialorrhea with similar effect. However, 3 patients, receiving amythryptiline in dosage 50 mg/day, experienced side effects (constipation, accommodation disturbances, dry mouth, sleepiness and poor concentration). Reducing of amithryptiline dose, along with prescribing dysport, removed the side-effects in these patients, while sialorrhea did not increase. The authors concluded that due to high efficacy and low cost of amithryptiline therapy of sialorrhea proved to be a golden standard of palliative care in MDN. However, in these terms dysport can not be an alternative to amithryptiline in sialorrhea therapy. Nevertheless, in cases when amithryptiline treatment is accomplished with side-effects, the drug dosage can be reduced and combined with dysport.

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
PubMed2005

[The efficacy of surgical and conservative methods in secondary prevention of carotid ischemic stroke].

A comparative analysis of the efficacy of surgical and conservative methods in secondary prevention of carotid ischemic stroke has been conducted in patients with clinical symptoms of acute ischemic brain lesions (carotid artery stenosis less than 70%). The results of the 3-year follow-up study revealed that carotid endarterectomua is a method of choice. Comparing to conservative therapy, it allows a reduction of the absolute risk of secondary ischemic episode development to 4% (57% for conservative therapy) and of the relative risk--to 0.07 (0.77 for conservative therapy). The necessity of antiaggregate therapy that enables increased percentage of strokes prevented is proved. Comparing to aspirin, clopidogrel is a drug of choice contributing to the regress of thrombotic layers in the cases of restenosis development in the area of sutures after the interventions using special patches.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in development of ischemic brain damage].

Autoimmune processes take place during an acute phase of brain injury as well as during chronic vascular diseases. Cryoglobulinemia is a nonspecific marker of long-term stimulation of the immune system which reflects duration of autoimmune sensitization. It is characterized by production of abnormal temperature-dependent immunoglobulins named cryoglobulins. The highest cryoglobulinemia was found in patients with atherothrombotic stroke that corresponds to the results of previous studies reporting the greatest level of neurospecific antibodies during slow atherothrombosis development. It is shown that cryoglobulinemia is an important factor in pathogenesis of stroke which contributes to microcirculatory and hemorheological disorders, increases blood viscosity and results in the development of immunocomplex endovasculitis of small brain blood vessels in the ischemic lesion.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2005

[Sleep-related breathing disturbances in motor neuron disease].

Presented are the results of the study of respiratory parameters, together with standard polysomnography, in 18 patients with motor neuron disease (13 males, 5 females, mean age 61,5 +/- 10,6 years). AHI =10 epis./h was found in 10 (56%) cases. Other 4 patients demonstrated a low level (less 94%) of average blood saturation during sleep. The highest number of obstructive episodes was observed in patients with progressive bulbar palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with bulbar signs. The lowest level of nighttime saturation was registered in patients with ALS without bulbar signs. Mean saturation (less than 94%) was associated with more pronounced limb muscle weakness, rapid disease progression and worse survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Crioglobulinemia in cerebral and coronal atherothrombosis].

Forty-seven patients: group A--17 patients with acute ischemic atherothrombotic stroke and group B--30 patients with acute Q-formation myocardial infarction. The levels of dynamics and comparative clinical relevance of crioglobulinemia in patients of the both groups have been evaluated. Crioglobulines (CG) in the peripheral blood serum were determined at 1, 2, 3, 7th and 14th days after the disease development. On the 1st day, the elevated CG level similar in the both groups as well as similarity of crioglobulinemia dynamics in whole was observed. In the group A, but not in the group B, the CG level was directly correlated with disease severity (p<0,05). In the group B, there was a trend, which depended on the blood CG level on the 1st day of the disease and on the presence of previous stenocardia (p<0,1).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Ethnic and genealogical aspects of cerebral stroke in Izhevsk city].

To study hereditary predisposition to stroke in main ethnic groups of Izhevsk, 210 patients born in ethnically homogenous marriages have been examined and the data on state of health of 1701 relatives over 40 years old have been obtained. A role of hereditary factor in development of stroke was revealed. Also, there were ethnic differences related to a prevalence of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disorder in patients of the Tartar group comparing to Udmurt and Russians.

Adult↗