[The isolation and quantitative estimation of motile enterococci].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V I Sedov.
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Studies carried out by the method of DNA-DNA hybridization have confirmed that Enterococcus faecalis, S. faecium and S. durans are independent species. As revealed in these studies, S. faecalis are homogeneous, genetically related and form an independent, sharply defined species, while S. faecium form a heterogeneous species. Mobile enterococci with yellow pigmentation must not be classified with both S. faecalis and S. faecium.
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The taxonomic analysis of enterococci by a mathematical method has revealed that these organisms are subdivided, according to their properties, into three taxons; of these, two taxons correspond to the species known as Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium, while the third taxon, sharply different from the rest, comprises mobile enterococci which can be probably regarded as a separate species and differentiated from the other two species by a number of characteristics.
A simple method for isolating DNA from enterococci has been developed. This method allows one to extract DNA of good quality in optimal amounts irrespective of the method used for obtaining the culture and the duration of its incubation. Mobile enterococci are sharply differentiated into 3 groups in accordance with their nucleotide composition, the content of GC pairs in DNA being 31.6% in group 1, 35.8-38.0% in group 2, and 40.6-41.5% in group 3.
The content of unsaturated fatty acids in enterococcal cells has been found to have no essential relation to the composition of the culture medium. When cultivated in the same media, S. faecium had the degree of lipid unsaturation 1.5-2 times higher than S. faecalis. Mobile enterococci are sharply differentiated from immobile species by the content of cyclopropanic acid with 19 carbon atoms, constitute a heterogenous group and consist of at least 2 taxons, differing in the content of acids with 18 carbon atoms and the degree of lipid unsaturation.
To study the morphology, structure and radial growth of colonies, a model CTJI table intended for the study and identification of spectrograms in qualitative and semiquantitative spectral analyses can be used in addition to an optical biological microscope and a binocular magnifier. Mobile enterococci can be sharply differentiated from immobile ones, and Str. faecalis from Str. faecium, by the structure of their colonies on a solid medium containing crystalline violet and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In some cases enterococcal colonies in primary inoculations can be mixed cultures. Under the identical conditions of cultivation the growth rate on culture media and the total weight of bacterial biomass is lower in mobile enterococci than in immobile ones. These signs can be used for the differentiation of mobile and immobile enterococci.
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The reducing activity of 100 Streptococcus faecalis strains, 100 Streptococcus faecium strains and 100 enterococcal strains were studied by the quantitative method. The study revealed that all mobile enterococci, in contrast to S. faecium, reduce 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride with the formation of triphenylformasan. Differential thermal analysis also indicated that S. faecalis, S. faecium and mobile enterococci had thermograms with definite mathematical characteristics and could be best differentiated by the indices of their form and the size of S3 areas. The quantitative methods of the investigation of reducing activity and differential thermal analysis can be used for the differentiation of enterococcal species. Mobile enterococci have definite characteristics allowing one to sharply differentiate them from S. faecium and S. faecalis.