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Biomedical subjects

V Esposito

Publications and source records attributed to V Esposito.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of amphotericin B on the excretory function and the colloid clearance capacity of the perfused rat liver.

The effects of amphotericin B (AmB) on the hepatic excretory function and the colloid clearance capacity were investigated in the perfused rat liver. AmB at 5 or 10 microM caused dose-dependent reductions in bile and perfusate flow rates and in biliary bile acid (BA) excretion. BA concentration in bile tended to increase, due to a prominent reduction in bile water induced by the drug. At 5 microM, AmB also caused an increase in [14C]sucrose clearance by the liver and a release of hepatocytic enzymes into the perfusate. These alterations were not related to the decrease in the perfusate flow induced by AmB. In addition, the drug, at 5 microM, caused a significant decrease in the colloidal carbon clearance by the liver. In this case also, the effect was independent of the reduction in the perfusate flow induced by the drug. The toxic effects of AmB on the rat liver could be interpreted as a derangement of the cell membrane functional integrity, which causes cholestasis, enzyme leakage and an impairment of the reticuloendothelial system function. This latter effect deserves careful evaluation of its clinical implications.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1989

Microsurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: case reports.

Three patients with excruciating glossopharyngeal neuralgia underwent microsurgical operations in the posterior cranial fossa. In each patient, neurovascular compression was found involving the posteroinferior cerebellar artery and involving the 9th and 10th cranial nerves. In two of the patients, the compression was caused by arachnoiditis and in the other by an arterial loop. In each patient, neuralgia was successfully eliminated by microvascular decompression and by section of the upper rootlets of the vagus nerve. In one patient, partial section of the 9th cranial nerve was also performed. Because of the frequent involvement of the vagus nerve in the pathogenesis of this condition, open surgery should be preferable to percutaneous thermorhizotomy, which is unable to act selectively on the 10th cranial nerve.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by thermocoagulation, glycerolization, and percutaneous compression of the gasserian ganglion and/or retrogasserian rootlets: long-term results and therapeutic protocol.

From 1976 to 1986, 681 patients with drug-refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN)--typical in 641, symptomatic of multiple sclerosis in 23 and of tumor in 10, atypical in 5, and postherpetic in 2--were treated with various percutaneous procedures. Controlled differential thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion and/or retrogasserian rootlets was performed in 533 patients; glycerolization of the trigeminal cistern in 32; and compression of the gasserian ganglion by balloon catheter in 159. Results and complications of each procedure are assessed at a mean follow-up of 6.5 years for thermocoagulation, 5 years for glycerolization, and 3.5 years for compression. The following therapeutic protocol is proposed: 1) in TN patients at first operation: a) gasserian compression (or glycerolization, if experience warrants it) is indicated in all cases of typical TN, unless the 3rd division alone is affected; b) in the latter case and in symptomatic TN, we suggest thermocoagulation; 2) in recurrences: a) after glycerolization or gasserian compression, gasserian compression (or glycerolization) is indicated; b) after thermocoagulation or open surgery, thermocoagulation is suggested.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

Multiple low dose streptozocin-treated rats: biochemical and morphological effects of cyclosporin A administration.

Biochemical and morphological modifications occurring in the pancreas of multiple low dose streptozocin treated rats, subjected to a preventive or concomitant immunosuppressive administration of Cyclosporin A (CyA 8mg/Kg b. wt./45 days), were observed. Biochemical assays showed that CyA significantly enhances glycaemia (p less than 0.0001) and decreases serum insulin levels (p less than 0.0001), while serum creatinine was slightly increased (p less than 0.05). Morphological findings (L.M. and T.E.M.) of rats, diabetized during the CyA administration, demonstrated a variable degree of survival of B- cells (damaged and undamaged cells were noted) and areas of modified exocrine cells (extended vacuolation). Pancreases of rats, first immunosuppressed then diabetized, showed similar ultrastructural features to those of the previous group but presented a greater B-cell loss. It is evident that CyA is only moderately effective against direct cytotoxic effects of STZ, when given concomitantly, and completely fails to protect B cells when given prior to the diabetogenic drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intrasellar tuberculoma: case report.

We report a unique case of exclusively intrasellar tuberculoma. The patient was operated on by the transsphenoidal approach, which allowed total removal of the lesion and prevented cerebrospinal fluid contamination. After histological diagnosis, the patient was treated with isoniazid, 300 mg daily for 3 months, as prophylaxis against tuberculous meningitis.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Ultradian (12-hr) significant component in serum prolactin of healthy women and patients with fibrocystic mastopathy.

The 4-hr sampling schedule for a single day demonstrated a prominent circadian rhythm of prolactin (PRL) in clinically healthy women and in mastopathy (FM) patients (with mesor hyperprolactinemia). This chapter reports on differences in time series of serum PRL observed between FM patients and healthy women in the follicular and luteal phases. Thirteen FM patients and six healthy women (controls) were sampled at intervals of 60 min for 24 hr in the two phases of the menstrual cycle. Serum PRL was determined by RIA. The results from spectral analysis of these data showed prominent circadian rhythms and an ultradian (12-hr) significant component in the PRL of controls and FM patients in both phases of the menstrual cycle. The acrophases of the 12-hr rhythms, however, clearly differed in controls and FM patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intermediate term evaluation of Starr-Edwards ball valves in the mitral position.

The Model 6120 ball valve prosthesis introduced in 1965 is still strongly supported as a mitral valve substitute in many centers around the world. A current reassessment of the performance of this prosthesis is therefore pertinent to current medical practice. In this institution since 1974, 227 Starr-Edwards caged ball valves have been implanted in the mitral position during isolated valve replacement. Two models of caged ball valves were used concurrently: the silastic ball valve in 108 patients (48%) and the composite strut "tract" valve in 119 (52%). Hospital mortality was 7%, and 8-year survival (standard error) was 74 (6%), with 100% follow-up, documenting 752 total patient-years. No late deaths were known to be valve related, and there were no cases of prosthetic thrombosis. The actuarial estimate of patients free from thromboembolism at 8 years was 89 (4%) with a linearized rate of 1.3% per year. At the most recent follow-up, 95% of the patients were in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes I or II. These good results were partly due to an awareness at operation of ventricular outflow tract size requirements and to strict control of postoperative anticoagulation. We conclude that the Starr-Edwards ball valve is the mitral valve of choice in the young patient who is able to take anticoagulation drugs and has a left ventricular outflow tract of satisfactory size.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Morphological investigations into the structure of frozen-thawed rat islets of Langerhans.

Fetal rat pancreases, cultured for 8 days in RPMI 1640, were successively frozen to -196 degrees C. The samples, defrosted at different intervals (0, 5, 1, 2, 7, and 15 days), were examined by TEM and SEM. The effects of culture, various cooling times, warming rates, thawing procedures, dimethyl sulfoxide concentration, and ultrastructural features of cellular elements were analyzed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pre-and postoperative Tc 99m scanning in monitoring pulmonary perfusion in the tetralogy of Fallot.

Angiocardiopneumographic scanning with Tc 99m was used in pulmonary perfusion and intracardiac shunt before and after radical corrective surgery of the tetralogy of Fallot. The study was carried out on 25 patients with the tetralogy of Fallot undergoing radical treatment with infundibular patch. Preoperative scanning has shown increased thickening of right ventricle and contemporary injection of pulmonary artery and aorta, the latter with a much higher radioactivity; the obstruction to the right flow was not clearly defined with respect to morphology and function, pulmonary perfusion has shown an extremely poor radioactivity and prolonged duration. Scanning following surgical treatment showed normal right and left phase and absence of residual shunts. Captation of marker in the lungs was always complete. Such data illustrate the many advantages gained by the use of non invasive diagnostic procedures in cardiology and "the first pass technique" in the evaluation of results of surgical treatment.

Aorta↗
PubMed1983

A problem-oriented precepting method.

An organized method of clinical precepting may increase preceptor effectiveness. Problem-oriented precepting is an organized teaching method directed not only at achieving high-quality care for the presented patient, but also at solving the problems of the medical provider that block that goal. The precepting method consists of the following steps: (1) identify initial impressions, (2) confirm or refute these impressions, (3) identify the problem, (4) develop teaching goals, (5) devise methods to achieve these goals, and (6) evaluate outcome. The use of this step-by-step process permits earlier definition of resident problems, which can improve the resident's problem-solving ability.

Adult↗