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Biomedical subjects

V Callanan

Publications and source records attributed to V Callanan.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Laser-Doppler blood flowmetry measurement of nasal mucosa blood flow after injection of the greater palatine canal.

Laser-Doppler blood flowmetry was used to measure the mucosal blood flow of the inferior turbinate before and after injection of the greater palatine canal with 2 ml of a 0.5 per cent bupivicaine hydrochloride solution. Injection of the greater palatine canal is a useful technique in the control of posterior epistaxis. The arterial blood supply to the inferior turbinate is via a single descending branch of the sphenopalatine artery. We conjectured that injection of the pterygopalatine fossa, via the greater palatine canal, would result in a reduction of blood flow to the inferior turbinate. In this study injection of the pterygopalatine fossa caused only a 4.7 per cent decrease in blood flow to the inferior turbinate mucosa (p = 0.571). Elevation of the head by an angle of 20 degrees reduced nasal mucosal blood flow by 38.3 per cent (p < 0.0001). Depression of the head by an angle of 20 degrees increased nasal mucosal blood flow by 74.7 per cent (p < 0.0001). We conclude that there is an adequate collateral blood circulation to the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasal polyps.

The aetiology and microbial flora of nasal polyps is not well understood. No study in the literature has reported an association between the sub-bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae and nasal polyps. We have developed an assay method using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a specific region of the M. pneumoniae DNA in extracts of clinical samples using species-specific primers designed to a region of the 16S rRNA. The presence of M. pneumoniae was detected in 13/14 (93%) nasal polyps, in 4/5 (80%) rhinosinusitis mucosal samples but only in 1/7 (14%) of control samples (obstructive turbinates). An epidemic of infections due to M. pneumoniae is expected to occur in 1995. We believe this assay could form the basis of a rapid technique for M. pneumoniae detection. We also propose that the presence of M. pneumoniae may be of importance in the aetiology of nasal polyps.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1995

The influence of bismuth subgallate and adrenaline paste upon operating time and operative blood loss in tonsillectomy.

The aims of this study were to demonstrate the effect of bismuth subgallate and adrenaline paste application to the tonsillar fossae on operating time and peroperative blood loss during tonsillectomy. Ninety-eight patients were included in a prospective randomized trial. Bismuth subgallate powder is mixed with 10 ml of normal saline and 0.03 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline to make a paste. This paste is used as a topical haemostatic agent during tonsillectomy. Bismuth subgallate activates Factor XII and therefore accelerates the coagulation cascade. Adrenaline causes vasoconstriction and promotes platelet aggregation. The application of bismuth subgallate and adrenaline paste to the tonsillar fossae during tonsillectomy reduces operating time by 23 per cent for Consultant staff (p < 0.05) and 32 per cent for Junior staff (p < 0.05). Blood loss is reduced by 21 per cent (p > 0.05), for the average paediatric tonsillectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Provox valve use for post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation.

The Provox voice prosthesis has been used in our department since September 1992 for post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation. This prosthesis is an indwelling low-resistance tracheoesophageal valve. The cohort consisted of 28 laryngectomes with a mean follow-up time of 352 days. The average valve life before failure was 148 days. Speech intelligibility of 85 per cent was achieved for complete sentences. No major surgical problems were associated with the valve insertion or its use. Replacement of the prosthesis as an outpatient procedure was accomplished without difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A prospective study of acid reflux and globus pharyngeus using a modified symptom index.

Previous authors have demonstrated an association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and globus pharyngeus. With the advent of 24-h pH monitoring the strength of this association has been questioned. A prospective study was performed using a 'Symptom Index' of acid reflux. A positive result was recorded when one out of two globus sensations occurred with acid reflux. The symptom index was assessed prospectively in 21 patients with a history of globus pharyngeus. In eight patients with significant acid reflux as defined by standard pH criteria the symptom index was positive in all cases. The remaining 13 patients had no objective evidence of significant reflux and the symptom index was negative. The symptom index is a useful additional marker to determine the significance of acid reflux in the pathogenesis of globus pharyngeus.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Day-case adenoidectomy, parental opinions and concerns.

Day-case surgery has been urged on the National Health Service by the Audit Commission in the last decade despite concerns about safety. A questionnaire was posted to the parents of 109 children who had recently undergone day-case adenoidectomy, addressing parental concerns and opinions. Eighty per cent of the questionnaires were returned. A high level of satisfaction with day-case adenoidectomy was expressed by the parents. All the children were observed for six hours after surgery prior to discharge. One child was visited at home by his general practitioner in the first 24 hours of discharge but there were no serious post-operative complications and none of the children required re-admission to hospital. Day-case adenoidectomy is safe, very acceptable to parents and does not result in a greatly increased workload for general practitioners.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1980

Disarming the box-jellyfish: nematocyst inhibition in Chironex fleckeri.

Laboratory tests indicate that methylated spirits, widely espoused as a first-aid treatment for jellyfish stings, causes massive discharge of nematocysts in living tentacles of the box-jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri. This action, together with demonstrated hazards of flammability and intoxication, casts doubt on this substance as a treatment for Chironex stings. In an attempt to find a substitute which will be effective in inactivating unfired nematocysts in the tentacles adhering to sting victims, a number of substances were tested in the laboratory. Weak solutions of acetic acid, as well as commerical vinegar, were found to inactivate the penetrating nematocysts of Chironex rapidly and completely. Most other substances tested proved less effective, and some actually stimulated the firing of nematocysts.

Acetates↗