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Biomedical subjects

V Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to V Bhatia.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An apparent cluster of congenital hypopituitarism in central Massachusetts: magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal studies.

Between 1980 and 1989, five infants (four males and one female) with congenital hypopituitarism were born within a relatively sparsely populated area of central Massachusetts, an incidence 25-fold greater than expected. In all infants the pituitary stalk was undetectable on magnetic resonance imaging, and a bright spot on T-1 weighted imaging, probably representing posterior pituitary tissue, was found ectopically located inferior to the median eminence. The height of the anterior pituitary remnant on magnetic resonance imaging varied from undetectable to 4 mm, and similarly, on hormonal testing a spectrum of deficiencies of GH, TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropin was observed. The magnitude of the hypopituitarism was less in the three patients whose anterior pituitary remnant was greater than 2 mm, and in them, TRH testing resulted in exaggerated TSH and PRL responses, suggestive of hypothalamic disease. In contrast, in the other two patients in whom the anterior pituitary remnant was less than 2 mm in height, hypopituitarism was more severe, and TRH administration resulted in little if any TSH or PRL response, characteristic of pituitary disease. The size of the anterior pituitary remnant correlated significantly with that of the ectopic posterior pituitary bright spot (P less than 0.005). We conclude that patients with congenital hypopituitarism may exhibit a spectrum of hormonal responses, varying from findings typical of hypothalamic to those characteristic of primary pituitary disease. The pattern of hormonal responsiveness is dependent on the quantity of residual anterior pituitary tissue and probably results from abnormal transport of the hypothalamic hypophyseal releasing hormones rather than to any putative hypothalamic abnormality. The significant correlation between the size and function of the anterior pituitary gland and the size of the ectopic posterior pituitary remnant suggests that the fetal pituitary gland may secrete a factor necessary for the growth and descent of the neuroepithelium to form the infundibulum and posterior pituitary gland.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Seroepidemiological study of leprosy in a highly endemic population of south India based on an ELISA using synthetic PGL-I.

As part of a continuing longitudinal immuno-epidemiological study, blood samples were collected by finger prick from 4243 individuals living in a highly endemic area for leprosy in South India. The samples were tested for IgM antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I using an ELISA. Seropositivity defined as optical density greater than or equal to 0.2000 was marginally higher in the age group 10-30 years and in females. There was no evidence for a higher level in contacts than in non-contacts. The future prospect for the large scale use of this ELISA in high-endemic populations in special epidemiological investigations or routine control programs as a serological tool to detect leprosy infection appears questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Extraintestinal manifestations of idiopathic ulcerative colitis.

One hundred and fifty patients of idiopathic ulcerative colitis were studied for extraintestinal manifestations by clinical, radiological and biochemical means. One or more such manifestations occurred in 34.7% of patients. Sacroiliitis (14%) and peripheral arthritis (10.7%) were the commonest manifestations, followed by ocular (8%), mucocutaneous (2.7%), vascular (2%) and hepatobiliary (1.3%) manifestations. We conclude that the incidence and spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations in Indian patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis are similar to those in western patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Severe hypoglycemia in youth with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: frequency and causative factors.

Hypoglycemia is the most common acute complication of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, yet data are sparse concerning its frequency and the factors that predispose children and adolescents to its occurrence. This study was undertaken, during a 2-year period, to determine the frequency of severe hypoglycemia and to identify its causative factors in 196 youth with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (mean age and duration of diabetes, 13.5 +/- 4.3 and 4.8 +/- 3.2 years, respectively) treated conventionally. The mean daily insulin dose was 0.85 +/- 0.23 U/kg, and 92% of patients received insulin twice daily. Severe hypoglycemia occurred at least once in 2 years in 29 of 196 (14.8%) patients, of whom 9 (31%) had two or more episodes. The mean level of glycosylated hemoglobin closest to the event was significantly lower than that of patients who did not have severe hypoglycemia, 10.6 +/- 1.8 vs 11.4 +/- 2.0, P less than .02; however, the mean insulin dose, 0.88 +/- 0.19 vs 0.85 +/- 0.23 U/kg every 24 hours, was similar. Severe hypoglycemia occurred with equal frequency during waking and sleeping, and it was not related to the species of insulin used. The use of human insulin, per se, did not increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was reported significantly more often in those who experienced severe hypoglycemia, 24% vs 8%, P = .01. Severe hypoglycemia was common (12.2 episodes per 100 patient-years), and symptomatic hypoglycemia universal in youth with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with conventional insulin therapy. Approximately two thirds of episodes were attributable to lapses in the application of basic principles of diabetes self-care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Association of Candida with carcinoma of esophagus.

Twenty-five patients with carcinoma of the esophagus (group I) and 25 patients suffering from non-ulcer dyspepsia with normal endoscopy (group II) were studied to know the incidence of isolation of Candida from their esophagus. Endoscopic brushings were taken from the esophagus in both groups and studied by smear examination and culture. Fungal organisms could be detected in 75% of cases of group I and 32% of cases of group II by culture techniques, and 45.8% and 12% respectively by smear examination. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) for both the techniques. Candida albicans was the commonest species isolated. No correlation was found between Candida agglutination titres and density of Candida growth on culture. We conclude that an association exists between carcinoma esophagus and the occurrence of Candida in the esophagus.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1987

Retroiliac ureter with contralateral transverse malrotation of kidney: treated by crossed ureterocaliceal anastomosis.

We report a case of congenital bilateral urinary tract anomalies presenting as an abdominal mass with chronic renal failure. The anomalies comprised a retroiliac ureter with grade IV vesicoureteral reflux on the right side, which resulted in a nonfunctioning pyonephrotic right kidney, and a transversely malrotated hydronephrotic left kidney with a calculus. An initial attempt to improve the drainage of the left kidney by posterior transposition of the ureter failed. Subsequently, right nephrectomy and crossed ureterocaliceal anastomosis with the right ureter were performed. The reflux was treated by a ureteral tunnel advancement technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Behcet syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Manpower utilization in pulse polio immunization.

The present study was conducted in Union Territory of Chandigarh to find out the utilization pattern of manpower engaged in the implementation of Pulse Polio Campaign (PPI) on 7th December, 1997 with the objective to achieve a coverage close to 100% and thereby, eradicating poliomyelitis. Over 100,000 under-five children were expected to participate on PPI day. Out of 240 polio centres established in the Union Territory, 16 were selected by stratified random sampling covering 14,858 children. The observing teams recorded the information about the children and presence of staff members throughout the day between 8.00 a.m. and 5.00 p.m. It was observed that nearly half of the children received the polio drops within the first three hours while only a little over 5% visited polio centres in the last two hours. The average number of manpower varied between 5 and 6 throughout the day (more than the recommended four). The staff posted at urban, rural and slum centres did not visit the houses except for the few volunteers in slums. Unimmunized children should be identified by the staff in last two hours when the load at polio centres is extremely low. Adequate utilization of the full potential of the manpower will help in enhancing the PPI coverage close to 100%.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitude and practices regarding diarrhoea in rural community in Chandigarh.

The present study on diarrhoea, its prevalence, practices and awareness of mothers was conducted in 120 randomly selected households in the rural area of Chandigarh during monsoons in 1996. Inspite of access to safe drinking water and latrines in 83% and 74% of the households in the village respectively, the prevalence rate of diarrhoea in 181 under five children was observed to be 23.2%. Majority (88.1%) of children had treatment for diarrhoea whereas only half (54.8%) of children were given oral rehydration solution. 86.7% of the mothers were aware of ORS but only 18.7% could tell the correct method of its preparation. A large number of respondents implicated a variety of food items responsible for diarrhoea and restricted them during the episodes.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cushing's syndrome.

Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome (CS) is a relatively uncommon disease in children. The etiology is more often a primary adrenal cause in infants and younger children, and corticotroph adenoma in older ones. Diagnostic evaluation must be stepwise and methodical, aimed at first confirming the presence of the disease, and then looking for the etiology. The management should preferably be carried out at a centre which is experienced in the management of CS. Recent advances, including MRI, sensitive ACTH assays, inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) and transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) have dramatically improved the care of children with CS. However, the issue of high recurrence rates after TSS in children remains to be tackled. The prognosis of adrenal carcinoma still remains, dismal.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of pulse polio immunisation (1996) in Chandigarh, India.

An evaluation survey on pulse polio immunization (PPI) was conducted in Union Territory of Chandigarh with a population of 88,100 children under the age of five years. Information was collected by interviewing the companions of 438 children in 18 polio centres, selected by stratified random sampling. Participation of children in the age-group of 4 and 5 years was found to be low. Awareness regarding various components of pulse polio immunization was found to be good in urban areas whereas it was unsatisfactory in slums. Two-dose-coverage of polio drops in 1996 campaign was recorded to be 81.5%. High risk pockets like slums need more attention for the success of polio eradication.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is small really beautiful? Some thoughts on the 1995 federal budget.

The 1995 federal budget meets the financial markets' expectations by proposing deep funding cuts and defining a smaller federal presence in several sectors of Canadian society. The most significant aspect of the budget for health care is the creation of the Canada Health and Social Transfer, which merges federal funding for health, post-secondary education and social assistance into one block grant. Provinces will be free to shift funds among these programs.

Budgets↗