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Biomedical subjects

V Agarwal

Publications and source records attributed to V Agarwal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Characterisation of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Nagpur, central India.

A total of 14 invasive H. influenzae were isolated from 12 patients by culturing 621 samples of body fluids over a span of one year. Twelve non-replicate isolates were analyzed for their drug susceptibility and serotype distribution. Eight (66.7%) isolates were multiply drug resistant with resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole in different combinations. All isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime and erythromycin. Serotype b accounted for 10 (83.3%) isolates while one each were type a and non-typeable respectively. A continuous surveillance of drug susceptibility and serotype distribution is important to determine changes in the behaviour of the organism over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Monocryl suture, a new ultra-pliable absorbable monofilament suture.

Synthetic absorbable sutures are available as braided constructions or as monofilaments. Braided absorbable sutures are made either from 90:10 poly(glycolide-co-L(-)-lactide), sold by Ethicon, Inc. under the trade name Vicryl, or from polyglycolide, as sold, for instance, by Davis and Geck under the trade name Dexon. There are, however, some concerns with braided sutures that relate to tissue drag and the trauma this may cause, as well as the possible potentiation of infection through the interstices of the braid structure. Absorbable monofilaments, such as the monofilament sutures derived from p-dioxanone homopolymer (PDS II, an Ethicon, Inc. product), or a copolymer of trimethylene carbonate and glycolide (Maxon, a Davis and Geck product), eliminate many of these concerns, but generally monofilaments do not handle as well as braids. This paper describes the research leading to the introduction of Monocryl (poliglecaprone 25) monofilament sutures, based on segmented block copolymers of epsilon-caprolactone and glycolide. Monocryl sutures will be shown to display excellent handling properties, minimal resistance during passage through tissue and excellent tensile properties. These sutures provide an in vivo breaking strength retention of approximately 20-30% after 2 weeks, considered by many to be the critical wound healing period. Absorption data on these sutures are presented; absorption is complete between the 91st and 119th days of implantation, with slight or minimal tissue reaction.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae 0139 in faecal specimens by coagglutination.

We compared the conventional culture method with the coagglutination (CoA) test for detecting V. cholerae 0139 antigen in a 4 h faecal enrichment culture. The CoA test reacted positively in all 13 culture positive stool specimens from patients with clinical cholera and negatively in all 23 culture negative specimens from non-diarrhoeal healthy controls. The test also did not show cross reaction with V. cholerae 01 antigen or with any of the enterobacterial antigens of the coliforms. The CoA test was found to be technically simple, rapid and reliable in diagnosing V. cholerae 0139 infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

A comparative clinical trial of albendazole versus metronidazole in giardiasis.

The adverse effects and treatment failures to some of the currently recommended drugs for giardia infection have given rise to the need for alternative antigiardial agents. In an open, randomized parallel group study, the safety and efficacy of albendazole was compared with that of metronidazole for the treatment of giardiasis in children. Sixty two children aged between 2-12 years were randomized to receive either albendazole suspension 400 mg daily for 5 days or metronidazole suspension 7.5 mg/kg thrice daily for 5 days. The mean days required for cure, as evident by absence of cysts and/or trophozoites in the stool specimen, was 3.7 + 1.4 and 4.5 + 1.1 days, respectively for children on albendazole and metronidazole therapy. Six children on metronidazole therapy developed anorexia 2 to 4 days after the treatment. Albendazole proved as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of giardia infection in children with the added advantage of absence of anorexia.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1995

A comparative clinical trial of albendazole versus metronidazole in children with giardiasis.

The adverse effects and treatment failures to some of the currently recommended drugs for giardia infection have given rise to the need for alternative antigiardial agents. In an open, randomized parallel group study, the safety and efficacy of albendazole was compared with metronidazole for the treatment of giardiasis in children. Sixty four children of age ranging from 2-12 years was randomized to receive either albendazole suspension 400 mg daily for 5 days or metronidazole suspension 400 mg daily for 5 days or metronidazole suspension 7.5 mg/Kg thrice daily for 5 days. The mean days required for cure, as evident by absence of cysts and/or trophozoites in the stool specimen, were 3.7 +/- 1.4 and 4.5 +/- 1.1 days, respectively for children on albendazole and metronidazole therapy. Six children on metronidazole therapy developed anorexia 2 to 4 days after the treatment. Albendazole proved as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of giardia infection in children with the added advantage of the absence of anorexia.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1994

Changing bacteriological profile of cholera in Nagpur, 1991-93.

In Nagpur (Maharashtra) during the period 1991-93, Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 predominated in 1991 (94.7%) and 1992 (86.4%) but significantly declined in 1993 (10.7%). Serogroups 02-0138 were infrequently encountered. A new strain V. cholerae serogroup 0139 emerged in 1993 and accounted for 89.3 per cent of the total vibrios isolated in the year. Replacement of the endemic 01 strain by the new 0139 strain was observed.

Cholera↗
PubMed1993

Dorsal vein sclerosis as a predictor of outcome in penile venous ligation surgery.

We studied the pathological specimens obtained from 24 impotent men who underwent proximal penile vein ligation and 6 potent men who underwent total penectomy as part of male-to-female transsexual surgery to determine if a correlation exists between venous pathology and surgical outcome. Pathology specimens, consisting of cavernosal tissue and penile veins, were independently reviewed by a single uropathologist (V. A.). The degree of vein wall thickness was carefully quantified for each patient. Venous leakage was documented by cavernosometry and cavernosography. Followup ranged from 7 to 19 months (mean 11 months). Within 6 months of the procedure 10 patients (41%) achieved rigid erections while 14 (59%) did not. Although no preoperative index could predict operative success, in the 10 patients with successful outcome histological examination of the excised vein segments revealed normal venous architecture with minimal vein wall thickness (calculated mean per cent vein wall thickness 39.4, range 17.5 to 51.7). In contrast, in the 14 patients in whom ligation failed there was marked vein wall thickness and sclerosis (calculated mean per cent vein wall thickness 68.0, range 55.3 to 85.6). In comparison, the vein segments obtained from the 6 potent patients had a wall thickness of 32.8% (range 8 to 39), which was equivalent to the 10 patients with postoperative erections. These findings suggest that there may be a correlation between vein wall thickness and the prognosis of patients who undergo venous ligation surgery for erectile dysfunction secondary to presumed corporeal venous incompetence.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the Raja and the Abrams pleural biopsy needles in patients with pleural effusion.

In 31 patients with exudative pleural effusions, we compared the diagnostic yield of the Abrams pleural biopsy needle with that of a new instrument, the Raja pleural biopsy needle. Each patient was randomly biopsied with both needles, and a total of 153 pleural biopsies were done, 73 with the Abrams needle and 80 with the Raja needle. No complications resulted from biopsies with either needle. Etiologic diagnoses were possible in 38 (52%) biopsies obtained using the Abrams needle, compared with 66 (82.5%) for those using the Raja needle; the difference in proportions for the diagnostic yield was statistically significant (p < 0.01, two-tailed Fisher's exact test). There were no significant differences between the needles in obtaining etiologic diagnoses in any specific disease category. The difference between the mean size of the pleural specimens obtained with the two needles was also statistically significant (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). The Raja pleural biopsy needle is easy and safe to use, and despite its smaller external diameter yields a significantly larger pleural tissue sample and significantly increases the diagnostic yield of pleural biopsies compared with the Abrams pleural biopsy needle.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Collagen alterations in the corpus cavernosum of men with sexual dysfunction.

Previous studies have noted the abundance of collagen in human erectile tissues and the association of altered collagen content with erectile dysfunction. We investigated these notions by studying the collagen characteristics of biopsies from the corpus cavernosum of men who required surgical correction of their sexual dysfunction. Histologic analysis revealed abundant collagen within the erectile tissues. With the exception of patients with Peyronie's disease and priapism, only mild alterations in collagen architecture were noted in the remainder of the patients. Biochemical quantitation confirmed the histologic study. The mean collagen content represented 47% of total protein in most patients. The proportion rose to 68% and 73% in the patients with Peyronie's disease and priapism, respectively. No statistical difference in collagen content was noted in all the patients studied. Immunohistochemistry revealed collagen types I and IV to predominate in the corpus cavernosum, with type III making up the minority. There were no qualitative changes in collagen ratios with age and disease. We conclude that though collagen is a major component of the penis, there are no changes in its histologic characteristics that can be correlated to senescence or to the etiology of erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antibiogram, phage types & biotypes of Salmonella typhi isolated in Nagpur.

S. typhi was isolated from 241 patients of pyrexia between July 1990 and March 1991. Multiple drug resistance was observed in 220 (91.3%) strains, the commonest pattern of drug resistance being ACCoT (49.4%). Predominance of phage type E1 in 196 (81.3%) strains and biotype I in 225 (93.4%) strains was observed. All ACCoT strains belonged to phage type E1 and all strains of phage type E1 belonged to biotype I.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

DNA ploidy of spindle cell soft-tissue tumors and its relationship to histology and clinical outcome.

With the use of fresh cell suspensions, the DNA ploidy of 11 benign and 27 malignant spindle cell soft-tissue lesions was determined by flow cytometry (37 cases) and/or image cytometry (35 cases). Of the 27 malignant lesions, 10 were low- or intermediate-grade sarcomas, and 17 were high-grade sarcomas. In the malignant lesions, the DNA ploidy was correlated with the histologic grade and the clinical outcome. Of the 11 benign lesions, six had a diploid DNA ploidy pattern, and five were nondiploid by either flow cytometry or image cytometry. All benign cases had a favorable outocome regardless of ploidy. Eight of the 10 low- or intermediate-grade malignant lesions were diploid, whereas two were nondiploid. Of the 17 high-grade sarcomas, 15 were nondiploid by either method of measurement and nine by both. Of the 10 diploid malignant tumors, only one had an unfavorable outcome (malignant mesothelioma with biopsy only), whereas of the 17 malignant lesions that were nondiploid, five had no evidence of recurrent disease, three cases recurred, eight patients died of disease, and one patient died of an unrelated cause. We concluded that (1) ploidy does not differentiate benign from malignant spindle cell soft-tissue tumors, (2) the nondiploid DNA pattern is more common in high-grade than in low- or intermediate-grade sarcomas, and (3) there is a statistically significant relationship between nondiploidy and a worse clinical outcome in sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocytic orchitis: a case report.

A young man with a unilateral testicular mass of short duration was found on histopathologic examination of the orchiectomy specimen to have a nongranulomatous, lymphocytic orchitis. No evidence of any infectious agent, autoimmune disease, or lymphoma could be found. We believe that this case represents an example of a nonspecific or idiopathic lymphocytic orchitis that is distinct from the hitherto recognized granulomatous orchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of feeding some plant foods as source of dietary fibre on biological utilisation of diet in rats.

Isoproteinous diets containing 1% cholesterol and 10% fibre derived from plant foods namely, peepalbanti (Ficus religiosa), barbanti (Ficus bengalensis), gullar (Ficus glomerata), teent (Capparis decidua) and khejri beans (Prsopsis cineria) or pure cellulose, were fed to rats for 40 days. Effect of incorporation of these whole plant parts on feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and true protein digestibility (TPD) in weanling rats was studied. Their inclusion did not affect the weight gain significantly whereas all other parameters were influenced to a varying extent. Foods rich in lignin had relatively lower FER, DMD and TPD whereas cellulose and pectin rich foods had higher DMD and TPD.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mineral catalysis of the formation of dimers of 5'-AMP in aqueous solution: the possible role of montmorillonite clays in the prebiotic synthesis of RNA.

The reaction of the 5'-AMP with water soluble carbodiimide (EDAC) in the presence of Na+-montmorillonite 22A results in the formation of 2',5'-(pA)2 (18.9%), 3',5'-(pA)2 (11%), and AppA (4.8%). When poly(U) is used in place of the clay the product yields are 2',5'-(pA)2 (15.5%), 3',5'-(pA)2 (3.7%) and AppA (14.9%). The 3',5'-cyclic dinucleotide, 3',5'-c(pA)2, is also formed when poly(U) is used. AppA is the principal reaction product when neither clay nor poly(U) is present in the reaction mixture. Products which contain the phosphodiester bond are formed at different ionic strengths, pH and temperatures using Na+-montmorillonite. Phosphodiester bond formation was not observed when Cu2+-montmorillonite was used or when DISN was used in the place of EDAC. The extent catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation varied with the particular clay mineral used. Those Na+-clays which bind 5'-AMP more strongly are better catalysts. Cu2+-montmorillonite, which binds 5'-AMP strongly, exhibits no catalytic activity.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1989

Mineral catalysis of the formation of the phosphodiester bond in aqueous solution: the possible role of montmorillonite clays.

The binding of adenosine to Na(+)-montmorillonite 22A is greater than 5'-AMP, at neutral pH. Adenine derivatives bind more strongly to the clay than the corresponding uracil derivatives. These data are consistent with the protonation of the adenine by the acidic clay surface and a cationic binding of the protonated ring to the anionic clay surface. Other forces must be operative in the binding of uracil derivatives to the clay since the uracil ring system is not basic. The reaction of the 5'-AMP with water soluble carbodiimide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite results in the formation of 2',5'-pApA (18.9%), 3',5'-pApA (11%), and AppA (4.8%). When poly(U) is used in place of the clay the product yields are 2',5'-pApA (15.5%), 3',5'-pApA (3.7%) and AppA (14.9%). The cyclic nucleotide, c(pA)2 is also formed when poly(U) is used. AppA is the principal reaction product when neither clay nor poly(U) is present in the reaction mixture. When 2'-deoxy-5'-AMP reacts with carbodiimide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite 22A the products are dpApA (4.8%), dAppApA (4.5%) and dAppA (17.4%). Cyclic 3',5'-dAMP is the main product (14%) of the reaction of 2'-deoxy-3'-AMP.

Adenine↗