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Biomedical subjects

U Singh

Publications and source records attributed to U Singh.

151 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative complications and visual results in uniocular pediatric traumatic cataract.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was prospectively carried out to evaluate the postoperative complications and visual results following posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in children with unilateral traumatic cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 40 children, 12 years or younger, with traumatic cataract (blunt trauma, n = 22 eyes, repaired penetrating eye injury, n = 18 eyes) undergoing PCIOL implantation with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Children with posterior segment ocular injury were excluded. RESULTS: The postoperative complications were significantly higher in the penetrating eye injury group as compared to blunt trauma group (ie, pupillary capture 44.44% vs 9.09%, posterior capsulotomy rate 83.33% vs 40.90% and IOL decentration 27.77% vs 4.54%). The final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 38.8% and 86.36% of eyes with penetrating eye injury and blunt trauma, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PCIOL implantation in traumatic cataract following blunt trauma results in better visual outcome and fewer complications compared to penetrating eye injury if the posterior segment is not involved.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opioid sparing during endotracheal intubation using McCoy laryngoscope in neurosurgical patients: the comparison of haemodynamic changes with Macintosh blade in a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting data in literature to show that the McCoy laryngoscope is less stressful and opioids can actually be avoided during laryngoscopy and intubation with the use of this laryngoscope. AIM: A comparison of hemodynamic changes with McCoy vs Macintosh laryngoscope.. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: 180 ASA I and II neurosurgical patients undergoing elective surgery for space occupying lesions were recruited. The study was was prospective, randomized and blinded in the setting of neurosurgical perioperative services. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The patients were divided into four groups (Gr.1 McCoy and fentanyl; Gr. 2 McCoy and no fentanyl; Gr. 3 Macintosh and fentanyl; Gr. 4 Macintosh and no fentanyl). In Gr. 2 and 4 equivalent volume of saline was given in place of fentanyl as placebo. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured after laryngoscopy, after intubation and subsequently every minute for the next five minutes. The incidence of cough due to fentanyl treatment was observed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Haemodynamic changes were compared between and within groups using oneway ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. All analysis included 95% CI at 5% significance. The Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing incidence of cough. RESULTS: No difference was found between McCoy laryngoscopy when done with or without fentanyl pretreatment (HR p=0.848, sys BP p=0.229 and diastolic blood pressure p=0.981). Significant changes in haemodynamic parameters were seen between Macintosh and McCoy laryngoscopy without fentanyl pretreatment (p<0.001) whereas changes were blunted with fentanyl pretreatment in Macintosh laryngoscopy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: McCoy laryngoscope blade is less stressful and fentanyl pretreatment is not necessary to attenuate haemodynamic responses with its use in ASA I and II patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug. Its antiemetic effect is demonstrated in chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed onset of nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. AIM: To evaluate the antiemetic effect of gabapentin on incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty patients of ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two equal groups to receive 600 mg gabapentin or matching placebo two hours before surgery. Standard anaesthesia technique was used. Fentanyl was used as rescue postoperative analgesic. Ondansetron 4 mg was used intravenously as rescue medication for emesis. The total number of patients who had nausea or vomiting, and its severity and total fentanyl consumption in the first 24 hours were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: "Z test" was used to test the significance of severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting between groups. Fentanyl consumed in each group (Mean+/-SD) within 24 hrs was compared using student t test. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no demographic difference between the two groups. Incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting within 24 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly lower in gabapentin group (46/125) than in the placebo group (75/125) (37.8% vs 60%; P =0.04). There was a significantly decreased fentanyl consumption in gabapentin group (221.2+/-92.4 microg) as compared to placebo group (505.9+/-82.0 microg; P =0.01). CONCLUSION: Gabapentin effectively suppresses nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and post-operative rescue analgesic requirement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wegener's granulomatosis: a case with laryngeal involvement.

A patient of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) with laryngeal involvement and respiratory difficulty has been described. Direct laryngoscopic biopsy led to the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. The patient underwent a tracheostomy and was subsequently treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids to which he responded.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreases in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are associated with increased serum corticosterone following inhalation exposure to toluene.

Toluene and other neurotoxicants can cause both increases and decreases in the concentration of GFAP in the brain. While increased GFAP concentration is widely regarded as evidence for reactive gliosis, toxicant-induced decreases in GFAP have received less attention. In order to identify conditions under which inhalation exposure to toluene results in decreased GFAP concentration, rats were subjected to repeated inhalation of toluene for up to 7 days. Adult male F344 rats received inhalation exposure to air or to 1000 ppm toluene, 6 hr/day, for 3 or 7 days. This toluene exposure replicated the previously-observed decreases in GFAP in the thalamus. Serum Corticosterone was significantly elevated in the same rats that exhibited decreases in brain GFAP concentration. These results show that decreases in brain GFAP might be a consequence of disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and/or hormonal homeostasis. Changes in GFAP and in Cort were not accompanied by a change in body weight. More research is needed to firmly establish cause and effect between increased serum glucocorticoid levels and GFAP decreases following toluene inhalation and to determine whether these decreases indicate toxicity or adaptive changes.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum tocopherols and lipids in patients with coronary artery disease.

Serum tocopherols and lipids levels in 40 coronary artery disease patients were statistically analysed in relation to those of the normal controls and an attempt was made to define the correlation between tocopherols and various lipids. Serum tocopherols levels were found to be significantly low in coronary artery disease patients as compared to those of the controls implicating an inverse relationship between coronary artery disease and serum level of tocopherols. Coronary artery disease population did not register any significant change in various blood lipids, except triglyceride fraction, as compared to that of the normal population. Serum tocopherols and lipids were also analysed in relation to age and sex. The preliminary data suggest that coronary artery disease patients have sub-optimal tocopherols level (0.58 +/- 0.26 mg/dl) as compared to that of the normal controls (0.81 +/- 0.34 mg/dl; p < 0.001), which may be an important risk and/or contributing factor for atherogenesis and coronary artery disease

Adult↗