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Biomedical subjects

U Singh

Publications and source records attributed to U Singh.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy is a major cause of crippling in children, but it's etiology is poorly understood. This case control study was done to assess some of the identified risk factors for cerebral palsy, 125 cerebral palsy cases selected from hospital clinic and 125 age and sex matched neighbourhood controls, all aged less than 5 years and residing in Delhi (India) were studied. Information regarding antenatal, natal and postnatal period was collected by mother's interview, and wherever available, from hospital records with the study subjects. Most common type of cerebral palsy was spastic (88%). Quadriplegia was the commonest topographical subtype (86.4%). Birth asphyxia was found to be present in only 25.6% of cases. The commonest risk factor amongst cases was low birth weight (28.8%). The multivariate odds ratios (confidence limits) for the risk factors found to be significantly associated with cerebral palsy were 36.1 (7.76-160) for birth asphyxia, 13.8 (4.95-38.3) for low birth weight, 37.4 (4.47-313) for neonatal convulsion, 23 (4.7-112) for neonatal jaundice, 14.4 (3.69-56.4) for neonatal infection, 24.9 (2.78-223) for instrument assisted delivery and 15.4 (1.57-152) for antepartum hemorrhage. Precipitate labour, caesarean section, twins, toxemia, breech delivery and head injury were not found to be significantly associated with cerebral palsy. Thus birth asphyxia, low birth weight, neonatal convulsions, neonatal jaundice, neonatal infection, instrument assisted delivery and antepartum hemorrhage are significant risk factors for cerebral palsy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of T cells in venous blood of healthy neonates.

Quantitation of T Cells in blood is the part of the diagnostic workup for cellular immunity. Specimens of venous blood were collected within 24 hours of birth from 51 healthy, appropriate for gestational age infants. T lymphocytes were identified on the basis of their ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The lymphocytes were harvested from peripheral venous blood, which is considered to be more representative of the immune status in the newborn than the cord blood. In the newborn infants the proportion in T cells was found to be considerably diminished in comparison to previously reported values for adults. Preterm infants, especially those with gestational age of 34 wk or less had significantly lower percentage of T cells in their blood as compared with term infants. The proportion of T cells was statistically reduced in infants weighing 2000 g or less in contrast to those weighing 2500 g or more.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenol block in the management of spastic cerebral palsy.

In the present series 116 cases of spastic cerebral palsy were selected; in whom perineal care and ambulation was affected. These cases were given peripheral nerve block (obturator 110, posterior tibial 134 and median nerve 2) with 6% aqueous phenol solution. The block relieved the spastic condition, allowed better nursing care, freed the patient from the embarrassment of a contorted limb, allowed voluntary movement to take place and eased in fitment of caliper to aid further ambulation. The period of effectiveness ranged from 3 months to 18 months, with an average of 13 months. Paraesthesia occurred following 5 nerve blocks. Eleven nerve blocks had to be repeated. Ease, simplicity, safety, therapeutic benefits and economic advantages of peripheral nerve block using phenol in cerebral palsy warrant its more widespread use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple eccrine spiradenomas in zosteriform distribution in a child.

A 9-year-old boy presented with asymptomatic papulonodular lesions on the left half of the chin of 3-years duration. On examination he had small papular lesions on the left chin varying in size from 1 to 5 mm. An additional lesion on the margin of the lip was 14 mm in diameter. The overlying skin was normal. Lesions were firm, nontender, and fixed to the skin. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed characteristic features of eccrine spiradenoma. A literature search produced reports of 10 cases of linear/zosteriform spiradenoma. Of these, five were in children or adolescents. We report this patient because of the rare occurrence of this presentation.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and purification of penicillin G acylase obtained from Escherichia coli (NCIM-2400) and immobilisation on Eupergit C for the production of 6 amino penicillanic acid.

Penicillin G-Acylase is produced by submerged cultivation of E. Coli (NCIM-2400) and extracted from the harvested fermented broth, purified (affinity chromatography) and immobilised on Eupergit C (Synthetic polymer in bead form). The immobilised penicillin G acylase properties are studied and compared with soluble penicillin G-acylase. The control parameters for conversion of penicillin G-K to 6 APA are optimised [e.g. substrate (Pen G-K) concentration ratio to immobilised penicillin G-acylase, temperature, pH etc.] in a stirred tank reactor. Our findings suggest that immobilised penicillin G-acylase can be used commercially and the productivity of 1 kg. of immobilised enzyme is around 400 kg of 6 APA under given desired stipulated conditions.

Enzymes, Immobilized↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro studies on the ontogeny of lymphocyte populations.

We have investigated the ontogency of lymphocyte populations in the mouse embryo using organ culture techniques. Our results indicate that B lymphocytes are generated independently in foetal liver, foetal spleen and foetal bone marrow, while T lymphocytes are generated in thymus. We have characterised the structural and functional properties of developing lymphocytes in the organs. Our results suggest that foetal lymphocytes may differ from adult lymphocytes in a number of important respects which may have a bearing on the generation of tolerance to self antigens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of patients with spina bifida.

Patients with spina bifida present with multifarious problems requiring multi-disciplinary approach for their rehabilitation. 172 patients of spina bifida attending the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at A.I.I.M.S., New Delhi, were studied retrospectively to ascertain the problems posed by them while presenting for rehabilitation. Male:female ratio was 1.23:1. Lumbo-sacral lesion comprised 41.3% followed by lumbar (26.1%) and sacral (22.1%). Common spinal deformities observed were Kyphoscoliosis (62.2%) and increased lumbar lordosis (19.2%). Clinically, active signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus were found in 47.7% associated with mental subnormality in 22.1%. Varying degrees of weakness of the muscles of lower limbs were detected in 98.3% cases, spasticity was found in 10.5% and ataxia in 2.9%. Improvement of muscle power was noticed in 45.3% during first three years and deterioration in 10.5% due to various complications. Foot deformities were commonest amongst deformities. Mobility was affected in 55.8% while 62.2% could attain independence. Bladder symptoms were present in 75% cases and bowel symptoms in 26.7%. Anxiety and guilt amongst parents was high in the families. Main hindering factors in vocational rehabilitation were bladder control, ambulation and pressure sores.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Issues related to disability in India: a focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Systematic research into disability has been scarce, especially from India, even though an estimated 5% of the population may have significant disability due to physical disorders. Depression as a common psychiatric disorder affects about 3%-5% of the population. Thus, the impact of disability related to physical, mental and substance use disorders is enormous and it influences resource allocation and policy planning. METHODS: The issues relating to disability were addressed through a qualitative multicentered study. Focus groups were conducted at three sites in Chennai, Bangalore and Delhi on three themes: (i) parity, stigmatization and social participation; (ii) current practices and needs; and (iii) the General Disability Model as proposed by the World Health Organization. The focus groups were homogeneous and included members from six categories of participants: individuals with physical disability, individuals with mental disability, individuals with alcohol/drug-related disability, family members of mentally disabled persons, family members of physically disabled persons and health professionals. In all, 118 groups were conducted with a mean (SD) group size of 8.6 (1.6). RESULTS: Patients with mental and alcohol/drug-related disability were more discriminated against than those with physical disability. Awareness regarding the existing laws and social programmes was uniformly poor across the three centres. Stigmatization was a major reason for under-utilization of the meagre resources available. There was poor awareness of the Disability Act, 1996. The consumers felt more comfortable with the earlier terms of 'handicap' and 'impairment'. CONCLUSIONS: The study has implications for policy planning, clinical decision-making and social behaviour. Awareness of the laws, facilities and programmes needs to be increased, especially regarding the Disability Act, 1996 among consumers as well as health professionals. More disability-friendly facilities are required.

Disability Evaluation↗