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Biomedical subjects

U Scheurer

Publications and source records attributed to U Scheurer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Current status of esophageal neoplasms. I].

In Europe, carcinoma of the esophagus is a relatively rare disease with an annual mortality rate of 4-7 deaths per 105 inhabitants. Institution of appropriate therapy for esophageal carcinoma depends mainly on accurate diagnosis and staging. Computed tomography displays the anatomy of the esophagus and mediastinum with a high degree of accuracy and is a good method of assessing extra-esophageal spread of carcinoma. Preoperative nutritional support may reduce operative mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients. Today there is still no alternative to resection of the carcinoma. Esophagogastrectomy with (cervical) esophagogastrostomy with or without thoracotomy is the treatment of choice for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Prognosis is still poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. If resection is technically impossible, an endoesophageal tube can be inserted or a bypass procedure carried out to increase the quality of life with near normal ability to swallow. Radiotherapy can be used when surgery primarily is not applicable for medical reasons or is refused. Preoperative radiotherapy does not produce statistically significant short- or long-term benefit in the management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy or combination chemotherapy have so far been insufficiently tested and cannot be recommended today for routine use. A combined modality approach is promising but needs further evaluation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Morphine-like action of enkephalin analog FK 33-824 on motility of the isolated rat colon.

Actions of the synthetic met-enkephalin analog FK 33-824 were compared to normorphine on intraluminal pressure of the isolated rat colon. Phasic and tonic contractions of isolated colonic segments in Ringer-Tyrode's solution under standard conditions were measured by intraluminal perfusion manometry. FK 33-824 or normorphine induced substantial tonic contractions of colonic muscles which lasted about 6 min. The maximum tonic contraction occurred at 10(-5) M normorphine or 10(-6) M FK 33-824. Naloxone (10(-6) M) and Mr 2266 alone or in combination inhibited competitively the tonic contraction induced by FK 33-824 with a similar potency ratio, whereas 10(-6) M norepinephrine or 10(-8) M isoproterenol inhibited it noncompetitively. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) counteracted tonic contractions due to FK 33-824 or normorphine in all parts of the undissected colon but only in the proximal segment of the dissected colon and enhanced it in the middle and distal colonic segment. Neither 10(-5) M atropine sulfate nor 10(-6) M methysergide interfered with the action of FK 33-824 or normorphine. FK 33-824 produced morphine-like motor actions in the isolated rat colon evidently by stimulation of opiate receptors, suggested to be located in nervous and muscular tissue in the proximal and solely in muscular tissue in the mid and distal colonic segment. The neural pathway stimulated by FK 33-824 or normorphine is not identified. The data suggest it to be noncholinergic, nonadrenergic and nonserotoninergic.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas and biliary system (author's transl)].

The value of sonography and ERCP was studied in a retrospective series of 128 patients with pancreatic and biliary disease. Sonography and ERCP employed singly provided a correct diagnosis in 68% and 75.5% respectively; combined diagnostic accuracy rose to 85%. The inclusion of other diagnostic information produced almost identical figures for sonography and ERCP of 82% and 86% respectively. Consequently, sonography must be recommended in the first place as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary disease. The indications for ERCP are for the elucidation of chronic pancreatitis without pseudo-cysts and for other pancreatic abnormalities not clearly shown by sonography, and also for the demonstration of the biliary system in non-obstructive jaundice.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1977

Diagnostic value of biopsy, guided lavage, and brush cytology in esophagogastroscopy.

In a prospective study 96 patients with esophageal and gastric lesions were investigated by multiple endoscopic biopsy, brush cytology, and guided lavage cytology. The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each of these methods in a prospective study. 50 malignant and 46 benign lesions were found. The final diagnosis was proven by operation or autopsy in 53 cases, by multiple endoscopic follow-up in 31, and by clinical control in 8. No follow-up was possible in 4 patients. The malignant lesions were diagnosed by multilple biopsy in 86.0%, by brush cytology in 84.0%, and by lavage cytology in 50.0%. The diagnostic yield of lavage cytology was thus significantly lower (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that a combination of multiple biopsy and brush cytology is the most valuable aid in endoscopic diagnisis of esophageal and gastric malignancy with a diagnostic accuracy of 96%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Gastric and duodenal ulcer healing under placebo treatment.

The healing time relation of 30 gastric and 15 duodenal ulcers was assessed by repeated endoscopic measurements of ulcer size on days 1, 21, and 42 of a 6-week period, during which a selected population of patients was being treated as outpatients on an inert placebo. Antacids in small amounts were only given in case of ulcer pain. There was evidence for a linear relationship between the absolute initial ulcer size and its reduction with the time in incompletely healed ulcers of both types. Their percentage reduction from the original size was 71% after 3 weeks in gastric and 83% in duodenal ulcers; 82% after 6 weeks in gastric and 83% in duodenal ulcers. The healing time course for both types of ulcers appeared to follow an exponential function. The calculated half-life was 1.7 weeks for gastric and 1.9 weeks for duodenal ulcers. The number of healed duodenal ulcers observed at the 3-week examination was significantly greater than that of healed gastric ulcers (P = 0.05). It is concluded that repeated measurements of the ulcer size before complete ulcer healing contribute to a optimal characterization of the healing time course. The calculated half-life of less than 2 weeks makes shorter control intervals reasonable for both types of ulcers. The ulcer half-life appears to be a more accurate criterion of the healing process than that of complete healing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of specific value of endoscopic biopsies and brush cytology for malignancies of the oesophagus and stomach.

The value of multiple biopsies and brush cytology at oesophago-gastroscopy was assessed in relation to macroscopy and localization on 100 verified tumours in a prospective study. The cumulative accuracy achieved was 96%. This was significantly better (P less than 0-01) than that of biopsy (83%) and of cytology (85%). While the reliability of both procedures was not significantly different in malignancies of the oesophagus, the gastric body, and the antrum, cytoloty was significantly more accurate in cancers of the cardia (90% and 55% respectively, P less than 0-05). Cytology was also more reliable in stenosing tumours (92%/72%,P less than 0-05). In polypoid malignancies a positive but not significant trend was found in favour of multiple biopsies (94%/64%). One of the two early cancers was only diagnosed by cytology. The results confirm the high diagnostic accuracy of multiple endoscopic biopsies combined with brush cytology and demonstrate the value of cytology in stenosing tumours, especially in those of the cardia.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lower esophageal sphincter in reflux esophagitis.

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was studied by intraluminal perfusion-manometry in the resting state and after graded intravenous doses of pentagastrin in 12 healthy subjects and 27 patients with reflux esophagitis. These patients were classified as having ulcerative (11) or non-ulcerative esophagitis (16) by histological examination and endoscopic appearance of the inflamed mucosa. The length of the LES was similar in patients and controls. A correlation was found between the magnitude of mean basal end-expiratory (mbe) LESP reduction and the grade of esophageal mucosa inflammation. The most reduced mbe LESP value was shown in patients with ulcerative esophagitis. It was significantly different from that of patients with non-ulcerative esophagitis (t = 3.37, p less than 0.01). Both values were significantly reduced from that of the controls (t larger than or equal to 0.0125). The responsiveness of the LES to intravenous pentagastrin was quantitatively reduced throughout the whole range of the dose-response curve in patients with ulcerative esophagitis, whereas patients with non-ulcerative esophagitis only differed in the maximum mbe pressure value from the controls. Four patients showed a paradoxical pressure decrease to intravenous pentagastrin, resulting in a LESP reduction to 8% of the mbe LESP. Intravenous secretin or CCK led to a similar reaction of the LES in these patients.

Adult↗