Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

U Scheurer

Publications and source records attributed to U Scheurer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Endoscopic insertion of endoprostheses in malignant extrahepatic bile duct stenoses].

In the vast majority of patients with malignant biliary strictures endoscopic insertion of biliary endoprostheses leads to good palliation with decline of the jaundice and disappearence of the pruritus. The prostheses are positioned immediately after diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, thus causing only minor additional discomfort for the patients. The insertion technique is difficult, but success rates between 70 and 90% are achieved by experienced endoscopists. Complications occur in 10 to 20% and mortality is 2-3%. Thus, endoscopically inserted endoprostheses have become a good alternative to the percutaneous transhepatic procedure and in many cases even to palliative surgical biliary drainage.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Acute secondary pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie syndrome): experiences with endoscopic therapy].

Twenty-seven patients with acute secondary colonic pseudoobstruction have been studied before and after endoscopic decompression of the colon. 19 patients were treated by single endoscopic decompression and 8 patients who had, or were expected to have, recurrent pseudoobstruction were treated by endoscopy-assisted introduction of a double-lumen tube into the colon. 17 out of 27 patients had massive dilatation of the right hemicolon. 19 patients completely retained stools and had a dilated colon the day before the endoscopic treatment, while 8 out of 27 patients still had passage of stool despite threatening dilatation of the colon. Initial decompression of the colon was achieved in all patients with both techniques, but cecal perforation developed in 1 patient. Normal colonic function returned in all patients who underwent single endoscopic decompression within three days, and in all patients treated with a colonic tube within 4 days (mean value). The success of endoscopic therapy of acute pseudoobstruction could not be explained by drugs administered before and after the endoscopic treatment. It is concluded that endoscopic decompression of the colon is an effective treatment for acute pseudoobstruction. Repeated colonoscopic decompression in refractory cases may be avoided by endoscopy-assisted placement of large caliber drainage tubes.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[CT and ERCP for the combined study of biliary tract diseases].

The value of combined CT and ERCP for examining the bile ducts was studied retrospectively. CT on its own led to a correct diagnosis in 59% of cases. CT was valuable for estimating the calibre of the bile ducts, for localising the level of obstruction, for demonstrating calcified biliary concrements, and for showing peribiliary tumours. ERCP yielded a correct diagnosis in 67% of cases. The value of ERCP lies in the demonstration of poorly calcified and small concrements, strictures, tumours with ductal infiltration, and for investigating the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Combining these two types of examination increases diagnostic accuracy to 82%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of pinaverium bromide and verapamil on the motility of the rat isolated colon.

Pinaverium bromide was 30 times less potent than verapamil in inhibiting intraluminal pressure responses of in vitro rat colonic segments to barium chloride, acetylcholine, FK 33-824 or field stimulation. The inhibitory effects of both verapamil and pinaverium bromide on the pressure responses to field stimulation were antagonized similarly by exogenous calcium administration. These results support the concept that pinaverium bromide acts on calcium channels in the smooth muscle cell membrane.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors affect Met-enkephalin- and acetylcholine-stimulated motility of the isolated rat colon.

Endogenous prostaglandins have been shown to modify the contractile activity of the intestinal muscle. In this study, the effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors phenylbutazone, diclofenac, indomethacin, acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) and salicyclic acid (SA) on the motility of the Met-enkephalin- (FK) and acetylcholine- (ACh) stimulated isolated rat colon were observed. Intraluminal pressure changes were measured by perfusion manometry in organ preparations maintained in a standard organ bath. FK and ACh dose-dependently increased intraluminal tonic pressure with a response of 42 +/- 0.6 arbitrary units (mean +/- S.E., n = 6) at 10(-6) M FK and of 96.8 +/- 8.6 arbitrary units at 10(-4) M ACh. Oral pretreatment with ASA (300 mg/kg b.i.d. for 3 days and 1 h before removal of the colon) suppressed the stimulatory effect of FK and significantly reduced ACh stimulation of colonic tone. A similar effect was observed when ASA alone was added to the nutrient. Phenylbutazone, diclofenac or indomethacin (10(-4)-10(-3) M) in the nutrient also significantly inhibited the effects of both stimulants. In contrast, p.o. pretreatment with SA (100 mg/kg b.i.d. for 3 days and 1 h before removal of the colon) did not affect stimulatory properties of FK and ACh. SA given with the nutrient exerted a substantial inhibition of the stimulated tone. One-hour washout was sufficient to completely abolish the inhibitory action of SA but reduced that of ASA by only 25%. The data suggest that endogenous prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes are involved in the FK- and ACh-stimulated contraction of rat colonic smooth muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

[Diet in gastrointestinal diseases--1983 status].

In the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, no spectacular novelties have been introduced within the past few years. Dietary fibre, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and certain formula diets have been established as standard tools in the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. Some progress has been noted with the introduction of longterm enteral feeding via needle catheter jejunostomies and longterm home parenteral nutrition. Study of the effects, use, practicability and cost of numerous "traditional" diets has led to a more realistic and critical prescription of diets. There is a general trend towards the prescription of diets only when their influence on the disease or on the abnormal nutritional state is superior to the effects of normal food.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Experiences with endoscopic placed endoprosthesis in stenosing malignancies of the esophagus and cardia].

Seventy-five patients with obstructing esophagogastric malignancies were palliatively treated by fiberendoscopic insertion of prosthetic tubes. The indications for endoscopic intubation are discussed, the procedure is described. The mortality rate was 6.6%. Complications were obstructions due to food impaction (10), tumor overgrowth (5) or mucosa folds (3), reflux and aspiration (7), dislocation of the prosthesis (5), perforation (1) and desintegration of the tube (1). Normal swallowing was restored in 98% and in general, there was a marked improvement in the quality of life. In summary, we conclude palliative fiberendoscopic intubation as the best existing procedure in patients with an incurable obstructing esophagogastric neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Abnormalities of gut vessels in Turner's syndrome.

We describe a 57-year-old patient with Turner's syndrome, iron deficiency anaemia and intestinal vascular abnormalities. Colonoscopy revealed 2 widely dilated, tortuous veins in the terminal ileum and several smaller ectatic veins and haemangioma-like malformations throughout the colon. Laparotomy for herniotomy showed only minimal vascular abnormalities of the serosal surface. Patients with Turner's syndrome and anaemia should be checked for these lesions by endoscopy, and conversely, in patients with such lesions, Turner's syndrome should be considered.

Colon↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced motility of rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum in vitro.

Motor effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum have been studied in vitro under standard conditions. Intraluminal pressure changes were simultaneously measured at the three locations using a perfusion manometric system with a novel intraluminal pressure-sensor device. This device comprised an acrylic cast of the rat gastroduodenal tract containing the perfusion catheters that reached the surface of the cast with their outlets in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. A selective and sensitive intraluminal local pressure measurement was achieved with this pressure sensor due to its shape. CCK-OP increased base-line pressure in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum; frequencies of phasic contractions in the antrum and pylorus; and amplitudes in the duodenum. The peptide also decreased contraction amplitudes in the antrum and pylorus and frequency of phasic contractions in the duodenum. It is concluded that the novel intraluminal pressure sensor is a useful tool for measuring local pressure changes in the gastroduodenal tract of the rat. In this experimental model, effects of CCK-OP on antral, pyloric, and duodenal base-line pressure are comparable with those observed in isolated muscle strips and in the intact organ of humans, dogs, and opossums. A different behavior, however, was observed in the force of antral and frequency of duodenal phasic contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide on rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum.

The mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on tonic and phasic contraction of antral, pyloric, and duodenal smooth muscles was studied with a novel perfusion manometric system in isolated esophagogastroduodenal preparations of the rat. CCK-OP increased baseline pressure at each site, frequencies of phasic contractions in the antrum and pylorus, and amplitudes in the duodenum. It decreased antral and pyloric amplitudes and frequency of duodenal phasic contractions. CCK-OP action on tonic contraction was tetradotoxin (TTX) susceptible and its action on phasic contractions was TTX resistant. Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, catecholamine depletion of preparations by reserpine-tetrabenazine, and the block of catecholamine synthesis at different levels significantly inhibited CCK-OP-induced tonic contraction, whereas atropine had no influence. Adrenergic and cholinergic neural actions on phasic contractions altered the level of amplitudes and frequencies on which CCK-OP action occurred. It is concluded that CCK-OP action on tonic contraction of the rat gastroduodenal junction is mediated by a neural noncholinergic pathway, whereas its effect on muscles responsible for phasic contractions is a direct one.

Animals↗